The Preservation of Art and Culture in Times of War

Frederik Rosén holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Copenhagen and directs the Nordic Center for Cultural Heritage and Armed Conflict. His prior positions include Associate Professor at the faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen, and Senior Researcher and the Danish Institute
for International Studies. Dr. Rosén has for a decade functioned as a key advisor to governments and international organizations on cultural property protection in relation to armed conflicts. He has published extensively on international law and security, including the monograph Collateral Damage.
A Candid History of Peculiar Form of Death (2016).

Claire Finkelstein is the Algernon Biddle Professor of Law and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania. She is also the Faculty Director of Penn Law's Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law. Her current research addresses national security law and policy, with a focus on ethical and
rule of law issues that arise in that arena. An expert in the law of armed conflict, military ethics, and national security law, she is a co-editor (with Jens David Ohlin) of The Oxford Series in Ethics, National Security, and the Rule of Law.

Derek Gillman is Distinguished Teaching Professor, Art History and Museum Leadership, and Executive Director of University Collections and Exhibitions, Drexel University. He was President of the Barnes Foundation from 2006-13 and, prior to that, of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He is
author of The Idea of Cultural Heritage (Cambridge University Press), a board member of the International Cultural Property Society, an emeritus member of the Association of Art Museum Directors, and a consulting scholar in the Asian Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum.

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
List of Abbreviations

Introduction: Cultural Heritage and Armed Conflict: Preserving Art While Protecting Life
Frederik Rosén

PART I. THE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
1. Preserving Valuable Objects and Sites, in Times of War and at Other Times
Derek Gillman
2. The "Cultural Turn" and the Reconstruction of Heritage
Helen Frowe and Derek Matravers
3. Mission Impossible: Weighing the Protection of Cultural Property against Human Lives
Frederik Rosén
4. Weaponizing Culture: A Limited Defense of the Destruction of Cultural Heritage in War
Duncan MacIntosh
5. The Concept of Cultural Genocide
Martin Hamilton

PART II. LEGAL AND SECURITY ASPECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION
6. Combating Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects to Defend Peace and Security
Kristin Hausler and Andrzej Jakubowski
7. Cultural Property Protection in the Context of Counter Terrorist Financing: An Emerging Legal Paradigm
Ricardo A. St. Hilaire
8. Non- party Obligations Underlying the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Protocol II
Elizabeth Varner
9. The International Criminal Court and Cultural Property: What Is the Crime?
Mark A. Drumbl
10. Training for Cultural Property Protection
Laurie W. Rush

PART III. HEALING THE PAST: REPATRIATION OF STOLEN ART AND CULTURE
11. Wartime Loot in American Museums: Lessons from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Victoria Reed
12. Nazi Looting and Internal and External Colonial Plundering: Differences in Responses
Jos van Beurden
13. Syrian and Iraqi Opinion on Protecting, Promoting, and Reconstructing Heritage after the Islamic State
Benjamin Isakhan and James Barry
14. The Geopolitical Context of Cultural Heritage Destruction
Carsten Paludan- Müller

Index