Preventing Medication Errors and Improving

Read this book in order to learn:· Why medicines often fail to produce the desired result and how such failures can be avoided· How to think about drug product safety and effectiveness· How the main participants in a medications use system can improve outcomes and how professional and personal values, attitudes, and ethical reasoning fit into drug therapy· What a properly designed and managed medications use system would look like - specific components, how the components fit together into a system, and how the system can be maintained and improved· Ways to evaluate medications use systems, how to recognize ineffective systems operations, how to identify missing system components and how to correct them· How the environment of medications use affects systems operations and patient outcomes, and why standards must change to improve drug safety and effectivenessDrug-related illnesses and complications cost the health care system billions of dollars each year. Medical errors account for approximately 100,000 deaths each year, and drugs are the most common cause of medical errors in hospitals. Synthesizing research studies from seven nations, Preventing Medication Errors and Improving Drug Therapy Outcomes: A Management Systems Approach explores medications use from a social perspective. It identifies and describes the preventable adverse outcomes of drug therapy, discusses the safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality of medications use from a management systems perspective, and proposes systematic solutions.

THE SECOND DRUG PROBLEM
Why do These Problems Persist?
Thesis - A Systems Approach
The Way Forward
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM MEDICATION USE
Review of Research Data on Adverse Outcomes of Drug Therapy
UNDERSTANDING ADVERSE DRUG THERAPY OUTCOMES
Changing Attitudes Toward Adverse Outcomes of Drug Therapy
Causal Attributions of DRM: From the "Four Bads" to System Failure
A Model of the Medications Use Process
Where do Medications Use Systems Fail?
Conclusion: Looking Forward to Systematic Medications Use Management
PEOPLE AND PURPOSE IN MEDICATIONS USE
Introduction
The People in Medication Use
Objectives of Medication Use
Quality of Life
Three Basic Relationships
Models of Disease and Therapy
ACCESS, COST, AND QUALITY ISSUES IN MEDICATION USE
Introduction
Relationship of Access, Cost, and Quality
Accessibility of Care
Costs of Drug Therapy
Quality of Care
Patient Satisfaction with Care
Drug Law - Quality of Drug Products as Legal Requirements for Safety and Efficacy
PRESCRIBING AND PRESCRIBING INFLUENCE
Prescribing in Medications Use
Understanding the Prescribing Process
Methods of Influencing Prescribing
Summary: Toward Systematic Improvement of Prescribing
MEDICATIONS USE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
Performance Database
Performance Guidelines
Performance Indicator
Standards
Pharmaceutical Care and Medications Use Management
Summary and Conclusion
OUTLINE OF A MEDICINES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmaceutical Care System
Flow Diagrams: Pharmaceutical Care and Medications Management Systems
Concepts in the Systems Paradigm
System Model of Error Prevention
Connective Summary
EFFECT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SYSTEMS ON OUTCOMES AND COSTS
Simulation Model of Medications Use
Review of Research Evidence
Connective Summary
A PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SYSTEM
Drug Therapy Problems
Documentation: Problem Oriented Medical Records and SOAP Notes
Professional Dialog
Summary
MEDICINES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Pharmaceutical Care and Medications Management
Elements of Systematic Improvement in the Quality of Medications Use
Example of Medications Management on the Program and Practice Levels
Connective Summary
MANAGED CARE
MANAGED CARE STRATEGIES TO INFLUENCE THE COST, ACCESS, AND
QUALITY IN MEDICATIONS USE
A MARKET PERSPECTIVE
Professions as Marketing Mechanisms
Adoption of Medications Use Systems
System Learning Disabilities: Psychological Barriers to System Improvement
Summary: Performance Indicators are Crucial
FINDING A WAY TOWARD MEDICATIONS USE SYSTEMS
Organizational and Environmental Context of PDRM
Managed Care
A Vision of Medication Use on the High Plateau
Moving Forward

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Preventing Medication Errors and Improving Drug Therapy Outcomes

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