Public Health : What It Is and How It Works

Covers the origins of public health responses, content of public health practice, and key elements of the health infrastructure.

Bernard J. Turnock, MD, MPH: Clinical Professor of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago

Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

xi

What Is Public Health?

1

(36)

A Brief History of Public Health in the United States

3

(4)

Images and Definitions of Public Health

7

(4)

Public Health as a System

11

(3)

Unique Features of Public Health

14

(6)

Value of Public Health

20

(7)

Conclusion

27

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

27

(10)

Appendix 1--A: Selected History of Public Health Activities in Chicago, 1834--1999

30

(7)

Understanding and Measuring Health

37

(42)

Health in the United States

37

(4)

Health, Illness, and Disease

41

(2)

Measuring Health

43

(7)

Influences on Health

50

(13)

Analyzing Health Problems for Causative Factors

63

(1)

Economic Dimensions of Health Outcomes

64

(5)

Healthy People 2010

69

(6)

Conclusion

75

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

75

(4)

Health Services and Public Health

79

(44)

Health and Health Services

86

(12)

The Health System in the United States

98

(10)

Changing Roles, Themes, and Paradigms in the Health System

108

(3)

Conclusion

111

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

112

(11)

Appendix 3--A: Managed Care and Public Health: Strange Bedfellows?

115

(8)

Law, Government, and Public Health

123

(44)

American Government and Public Health

124

(3)

Law and Public Health

127

(4)

Governmental Public Health

131

(29)

Conclusion

160

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

161

(6)

Appendix 4--A: Administrative Law

163

(4)

Core Functions and Public Health Practice

167

(40)

Public Health Functions and Practice before the IOM Report

168

(5)

Public Health Practice and Core Functions after the IOM Report

173

(10)

Post-IOM Report Initiatives

183

(18)

New Opportunities for Improving Public Health Practice

201

(1)

Conclusion

202

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

203

(4)

The Infrastructure of Public Health

207

(44)

Infrastructure, Ingredients, and Inputs

208

(1)

Human Resources in Public Health

209

(11)

Organizational Resources

220

(6)

Information Resources

226

(15)

Fiscal Resources

241

(4)

Healthy People 2010 Infrastructure Objectives

245

(2)

Conclusion

247

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

247

(4)

Public Health Interventions

251

(44)

Interventions, Programs, and Services

252

(2)

Categorizing Programs and Services of Public Health

254

(12)

Evidence-Based Public Health Practice

266

(4)

Program Management in Public Health

270

(14)

Conclusion

284

(1)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

284

(11)

Appendix 7--A: Age-Specific Recommendations for Clinical Preventive Services

286

(9)

Future Challenges for Public Health in America

295

(26)

Lessons from a Century of Progress in Public Health

296

(8)

Limitations of Twentieth-Century Public Health

304

(3)

Public Health: A System in ``Disarray''?

307

(3)

Community Public Health Practice

310

(7)

Conclusion: Why We Need a More Effective Public Health System

317

(2)

Discussion Questions and Exercises

319

(2)

Appendix A---Glossary of Terms

321

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Public Health : What It Is and How It Works

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials