Quantum Optics

, by Marlan O. Scully , M. Suhail Zubairy

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780521434584 | 0521434580
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/28/1997

Rent

(Recommended)

$71.38

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 13

$79.31

Quarter

Aug 20

$75.34

Short Term

Jul 26

$71.38

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Special Order: 1-2 Weeks

$108.36
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

$136.80

The field of quantum optics has witnessed significant theoretical and experimental developments in recent years. This book provides an in-depth and wide-ranging introduction to the subject, emphasising throughout the basic principles and their applications.The book begins by developing the basic tools of quantum optics, and goes on to show the application of these tools in a variety of quantum optical systems, including lasing without inversion, squeezed states and atom optics. The final four chapters are devoted to a discussion of quantum optical tests of the foundations of quantum mechanics, and to particular aspects of measurement theory. Assuming only a background of standard quantum mechanics and electromagnetic theory, and containing many problems and references, this book will be invaluable to graduate students of quantum optics, as well as to researchers in this field.

Preface

xix

1 Quantum theory of radiation

(45)

1.1 Quantization of the free electromagnetic field

(7)

1.1.1 Mode expansion of the field

(1)

1.1.2 Quantization

(3)

1.1.3 Commutation relations between electric and magnetic field components

(2)

1.2 Fock or number states

(4)

1.3 Lamb shift

(3)

1.4 Quantum beats

(4)

1.5 What is light? - The photon concept

(15)

1.5.1 Vacuum fluctuations and the photon concept

(2)

1.5.2 Vacuum fluctuations

(2)

1.5.3 Quantum beats, the quantum eraser, Bell's theorem, and more

(1)

1.5.4 `Wave function for photons'

(11)

1.A Equivalence between a many-particle Bose gas and a set of quantized harmonic oscillators

(5)

Problems

(3)

References and bibliography

(3)

2 Coherent and squeezed states of the radiation field

(26)

2.1 Radiation from a classical current

(2)

2.2 The coherent state as an eigenstate of the annihilation operator and as a displaced harmonic oscillator state

(1)

2.3 What is so coherent about coherent states?

(3)

2.4 Some properties of coherent states

(2)

2.5 Squeezed state physics

(4)

2.6 Squeezed states and the uncertainty relation

(3)

2.7 The squeeze operator and the squeezed coherent states

(3)

2.7.1 Quadrature variance

(1)

2.8 Multi-mode squeezing

(1)

Problems

(3)

References and bibliography

(2)

3 Quantum distribution theory and partially coherent radiation

(25)

3.1 Coherent state representation

(6)

3.1.1 Definition of the coherent state representation

(2)

3.1.2 Examples of the coherent state representation

(2)

3.2 Q-representation

(2)

3.3 The Wigner-Weyl distribution

(2)

3.4 Generalized representation of the density operator and connection between the P-, Q-, and W -distributions

(3)

3.5 Q-representation for a squeezed coherent state

(4)

3.A Verifying equations (3.1.12a, 3.1.12b)

(2)

3.B c-number function correspondence for the Wigner-Weyl distribution

(2)

Problems

(2)

References and bibliography

(1)

4 Field-field and photon-photon interferometry

(48)

4.1 The interferometer as a cosmic probe

(13)

4.1.1 Michelson interferometer and general relativity

(3)

4.1.2 The Sagnac ring interferometer

101

(5)

4.1.3 Proposed ring laser test of metric gravitation theories

106

(2)

4.1.4 The Michelson stellar interferometer

108

(2)

4.1.5 Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometer

110

(1)

4.2 Photon detection and quantum coherence functions

111

(4)

4.3 First-order coherence and Young-type double-source experiments

115

(5)

4.3.1 Young's double-slit experiment

115

(4)

4.3.2 Young's experiment with light from two atoms

119

(1)

4.4 Second-order coherence

120

(17)

4.4.1 The physics behind the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss effect

121

(4)

4.4.2 Detection and measurement of squeezed states via homodyne detection

125

(6)

4.4.3 Interference of two photons

131

(3)

4.4.4 Photon antibunching, Poissonian, and sub-Poissonian light

134

(3)

4.5 Photon counting and photon statistics

137

(2)

4.A Classical and quantum descriptions of two-source interference

139

(1)

4.B Calculation of the second-order correlation function

140

(1)

Problems

141

(2)

References and bibliography

143

(2)

5 Atom-field interaction - semiclassical theory

145

(48)

5.1 Atom-field interaction Hamiltonian

146

(5)

5.1.1 Local gauge (phase) invariance and minimal-coupling Hamiltonian

146

(2)

5.1.2 Dipole approximation and r E Hamiltonian

148

(1)

5.1.3 p A Hamiltonian

149

(2)

5.2 Interaction of a single two-level atom with a single-mode field

151

(9)

5.2.1 Probability amplitude method

151

(4)

5.2.2 Interaction picture

155

(3)

5.2.3 Beyond the rotating-wave approximation

158

(2)

5.3 Density matrix for a two-level atom

160

(4)

5.3.1 Equation of motion for the density matrix

161

(1)

5.3.2 Two-level atom

162

(1)

5.3.3 Inclusion of elastic collisions between atoms

163

(1)

5.4 Maxwell-Schrodinger equations

164

(4)

5.4.1 Population matrix and its equation of motion

165

(1)

5.4.2 Maxwell's equations for slowly varying field functions

166

(2)

5.5 Semiclassical laser theory

168

(5)

5.5.1 Basic principle

169

(1)

5.5.2 Lamb's semiclassical theory

169

(4)

5.6 A physical picture of stimulated emission and absorption

173

(1)

5.7 Time delay spectroscopy

174

(4)

5.A Equivalence of the r E and the p A interaction Hamiltonians

178

(5)

5.A.1 Form-invariant physical quantities

178

(2)

5.A.2 Transition probabilities in a two-level atom

180

(3)

5.B Vector model of the density matrix

183

(2)

5.C Quasimode laser physics based on the modes of the universe

185

(2)

Problems

187

(3)

References and bibliography

190

(3)

6 Atom-field interaction - quantum theory

193

(27)

6.1 Atom-field interaction Hamiltonian

194

(2)

6.2 Interaction of a single two-level atom with a single-mode field

196

(10)

6.2.1 Probability amplitude method

197

(5)

6.2.2 Heisenberg operator method

202

(2)

6.2.3 Unitary time-evolution operator method

204

(2)

6.3 Weisskopf-Wigner theory of spontaneous emission between two atomic levels

206

(4)

6.4 Two-photon cascades

210

(3)

6.5 Excitation probabilities for single and double photo-excitation events

213

(2)

Problems

215

(2)

References and bibliography

217

(3)

7 Lasing without inversion and other effects of atomic coherence and interference

220

(28)

7.1 The Hanle effect

221

(1)

7.2 Coherent trapping - dark states

222

(3)

7.3 Electromagnetically induced transparency

225

(5)

7.4 Lasing without inversion

230

(6)

7.4.1 The LWI concept

230

(2)

7.4.2 The laser physics approach to LWI: simple treatment

232

(1)

7.4.3 LWI analysis

233

(3)

7.5 Refractive index enhancement via quantum coherence

236

(5)

7.6 Coherent trapping, lasing without inversion, and electromagnetically induced transparency via an exact solution to a simple model

241

(3)

Problems

244

(1)

References and bibliography

245

(3)

8 Quantum theory of damping - density operator and wave function approach

248

(23)

8.1 General reservoir theory

249

(1)

8.2 Atomic decay by thermal and squeezed vacuum reservoirs

250

(5)

8.2.1 Thermal reservoir

251

(2)

8.2.2 Squeezed vacuum reservoir

253

(2)

8.3 Field damping

255

(1)

8.4 Fokker-Planck equation

256

(4)

8.5 The `quantum jump' approach to damping

260

(7)

8.5.1 Conditional density matrices and the null measurement

261

(2)

8.5.2 The wave function Monte Carlo approach to damping

263

(4)

Problems

267

(2)

References and bibliography

269

(2)

9 Quantum theory of damping - Heisenberg-Langevin approach

271

(20)

9.1 Simple treatment of damping via oscillator reservoir: Markovian white noise

272

(4)

9.2 Extended treatment of damping via atom and oscillator reservoirs: non-Markovian colored noise

276

(5)

9.2.1 An atomic reservoir approach

276

(2)

9.2.2 A generalized treatment of the oscillator reservoir problem

278

(3)

9.3 Equations of motion for the field correlation functions

281

(2)

9.4 Fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the Einstein relation

283

(1)

9.5 Atom in a damped cavity

284

(5)

Problems

289

(1)

References and bibliography

290

(1)

10 Resonance fluorescence

291

(36)

10.1 Electric field operator for spontaneous emission from a single atom

292

(1)

10.2 An introduction to the resonance fluorescence spectrum

293

(5)

10.2.1 Weak driving field limit

293

(2)

10.2.2 The strong field limit: sidebands appear

295

(1)

10.2.3 The widths of the three peaks in the very strong field limit

296

(2)

10.3 Theory of a spectrum analyzer

298

(2)

10.4 From single-time to two-time averages: the Onsager-Lax regression theorem

300

(2)

10.5 The complete resonance fluorescence spectrum

302

(5)

10.5.1 Weak field limit

305

(1)

10.5.2 Strong field limit

305

(2)

10.6 Photon antibunching

307

(2)

10.7 Resonance fluorescence from a driven V system

309

(2)

10.A Electric field operator in the far-zone approximation

311

(5)

10.B The equations of motion for and exact solution of the density matrix in a dressed-state basis

316

(4)

10.B.1 Deriving the equation of motion in the dressed-state basis

316

(1)

10.B.2 Solving the equations of motion

317

(3)

10.C The equations of motion for and exact solution of the density matrix in the bare-state basis

320

(1)

10.D Power spectrum in the stationary regime

321

(1)

10.E Derivation of Eq. (10.7.5)

322

(1)

Problems

323

(2)

References and bibliography

325

(2)

11 Quantum theory of the laser - density operator approach

327

(35)

11.1 Equation of motion for the density matrix

328

(8)

11.2 Laser photon statistics

336

(4)

11.2.1 Linear approximation (XXX = 0)

337

(1)

11.2.2 Far above threshold (XXX)

338

(1)

11.2.3 Exact solution

338

(2)

11.3 P-representation of the laser

340

(1)

11.4 Natural linewidth

341

(5)

11.4.1 Phase diffusion model

342

(3)

11.4.2 Fokker-Planck equation and laser linewidth

345

(1)

11.5 Off-diagonal elements and laser linewidth

346

(3)

11.6 Analogy between the laser threshold and a second-order phase transition

349

(3)

11.A Solution of the equations for the density matrix elements

352

(2)

11.B An exact solution for the P-representation of the laser

354

(4)

Problems

358

(2)

References and bibliography

360

(2)

12 Quantum theory of the laser - Heisenberg-Langevin approach

362

(21)

12.1 A simple Langevin treatment of the laser linewidth including atomic memory effects

362

(5)

12.2 Quantum Langevin equations

367

(6)

12.3 c-number Langevin equations

373

(3)

12.4 Photon statistics and laser linewidth

376

(4)

Problems

380

(1)

References and bibliography

381

(2)

13 Theory of the micromaser

383

(19)

13.1 Equation of motion for the field density matrix

384

(2)

13.2 Steady-state photon statistics

386

(3)

13.3 Preparation of number state in a high-Q micromaser

389

(7)

13.3.1 State reduction

390

(3)

13.3.2 Trapping states

393

(3)

13.4 Linewidth of a micromaser

396

(2)

Problems

398

(2)

References and bibliography

400

(2)

14 Correlated emission laser: concept, theory, and analysis

402

(40)

14.1 Correlated spontaneous emission laser concept

403

(2)

14.2 Hanle effect correlated emission laser via density matrix analysis

405

(8)

14.3 Quantum beat laser via pictorial treatment

413

(5)

14.4 Holographic laser

418

(5)

14.5 Quantum phase and amplitude fluctuations

423

(3)

14.6 Two-photon correlated emission laser

426

(7)

14.6.1 Theory

426

(4)

14.6.2 Heuristic account of a two-photon CEL

430

(3)

14.A Spontaneous emission noise in the quantum beat laser

433

(4)

Problems

437

(3)

References and bibliography

440

(2)

15 Phase sensitivity in quantum optical systems: applications

442

(18)

15.1 The CEL gyro

442

(4)

15.2 Linear amplification process: general description

446

(2)

15.3 Phase-insensitive amplification in a two-level system

448

(2)

15.4 Phase-sensitive amplification via the two-photon CEL: noise-free amplification

450

(2)

15.5 Laser with an injected squeezed vacuum

452

(2)

15.A Analysis of the CEL gyro with reinjection

454

(3)

Problems

457

(1)

References and bibliography

458

(2)

16 Squeezing via nonlinear optical processes

460

(27)

16.1 Degenerate parametric amplification

460

(3)

16.2 Squeezing in an optical parametric oscillator

463

(4)

16.3 Squeezing in the output of a cavity field

467

(4)

16.4 Four-wave mixing

471

(5)

16.4.1 Amplification and oscillation in four-wave mixing

471

(4)

16.4.2 Squeezing in four-wave mixing

475

(1)

16.A Effect of pump phase fluctuations on squeezing in degenerate parametric amplification

476

(4)

16.B Quantized field treatment of input-output formalism leading to Eq. (16.3.4)

480

(2)

Problems

482

(2)

References and bibliography

484

(3)

17 Atom optics

487

(20)

17.1 Mechanical effects of light

488

(6)

17.1.1 Atomic deflection

488

(1)

17.1.2 Laser cooling

489

(1)

17.1.3 Atomic diffraction

490

(3)

17.1.4 Semiclassical gradient force

493

(1)

17.2 Atomic interferometry

494

(4)

17.2.1 Atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometer

494

(2)

17.2.2 Atomic gyroscope

496

(2)

17.3 Quantum noise in an atomic interferometer

498

(1)

17.4 Limits to laser cooling

499

(4)

17.4.1 Recoil limit

499

(2)

17.4.2 Velocity selective coherent population trapping

501

(2)

Problems

503

(1)

References and bibliography

504

(3)

18 The EPR paradox, hidden variables, and Bell's theorem

507

(34)

18.1 The EPR `paradox'

508

(5)

18.2 Bell's inequality

513

(2)

18.3 Quantum calculation of the correlations in Bell's theorem

515

(5)

18.4 Hidden variables from a quantum optical perspective

520

(9)

18.5 Bell's theorem without inequalities: Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) equality

529

(2)

18.6 Quantum cryptography

531

(2)

18.6.1 Bennett-Brassard protocol

531

(1)

18.6.2 Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem

532

(1)

18.A Quantum distribution function for a single spin-up particle

533

(1)

18.B Quantum distribution function for two particles

534

(2)

Problems

536

(3)

References and bibliography

539

(2)

19 Quantum nondemolition measurements

541

(20)

19.1 Conditions for QND measurements

542

(1)

19.2 QND measurement of the photon number via the optical Kerr effect

543

(4)

19.3 QND measurement of the photon number by dispersive atom-field coupling

547

(7)

19.4 QND measurement in optical parametric processes

554

(4)

Problems

558

(2)

References and bibliography

560

(1)

20 Quantum optical tests of complementarity

561

(21)

20.1 A micromaser which-path detector

564

(2)

20.2 The resonant interaction of atoms with a microwave field and its effect on atomic center-of-mass motion

566

(2)

20.3 Quantum eraser

568

(5)

20.4 Quantum optical Ramsey fringes

573

(3)

20.A Effect of recoil in a micromaser which-path detector

576

(3)

Problems

579

(1)

References and bibliography

580

(2)

21 Two-photon interferometry, the quantum measurement problem, and more

582

(42)

21.1 The field-field correlation function of light scattered from two atoms

582

(5)

21.1.1 Correlation function G(1)(r,t) generated by scattering from two excited atoms

585

(1)

21.1.2 Excitation by laser light

585

(1)

21.1.3 Using three atomic levels as a which-path flag

586

(1)

21.2 The field-field and photon-photon correlations of light scattered from two multi-level atoms: quantum eraser

587

(5)

21.2.1 Alternative photon basis

590

(2)

21.3 Bell's inequality experiments via two-photon correlations

592

(3)

21.4 Two-photon cascade interferometry

595

(5)

21.4.1 Two-photon correlations produced by atomic cascade emission

595

(2)

21.4.2 Franson-Chiao interferometry

597

(3)

21.5 Two-particle interferometry via nonlinear down-conversion and momentum selected photon pairs

600

(7)

21.5.1 Two-site down-conversion interferometry

601

(6)

21.6 A vacuum-fluctuation picture of the ZWM experiment

607

(3)

21.7 High-resolution spectroscopy via two-photon cascade interferometry

610

(4)

21.A Scattering from two atoms via an operator approach

614

(2)

21.B Calculation of the two-photon correlation function in atomic cascade emission

616

(2)

21.C Calculation of the joint count probability in Franson-Chiao interferometry

618

(3)

Problems

621

(1)

References and bibliography

622

(2)

Index

624

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Quantum Optics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials