The Quinolones

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780120595150 | 012059515X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/1989

Rent

(Recommended)

$60.28

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 13

$63.45

Quarter

Aug 16

$60.28

Short Term

Jul 1

$57.10

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$86.68
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 1825 Days

Downloadable: Lifetime Access

$82.07

The Quinolones, Second Edition provides the most current review of quinolone antibacterial agents available & a look into new quinolone development. The book provides comprehensive & updated coverage of thehistory, chemistry, pharmacology, efficacy & safety aspects of quinolones. New chapters describe the use of quinolones in treating specific infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, & bacterial meningitis. This text is a valuable reference for primary care physicians & infectious disease specialists as well as researchers & industry personnel involved in the development of new antimicroagents.

Contributors	p. xv
Preface	p. xix
The Quinolones: History and Overview
Introduction	p. 2
Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs)	p. 3
Antibacterial Activity	p. 6
Mode of Action	p. 6
Spectrum of Activity	p. 6
Bacterial Resistance to Fluoroquinolones	p. 8
Clinical Pharmacology	p. 9
Penetration into Respiratory Tissues	p. 10
Elimination Pathways	p. 11
Pharmacodynamics of Quinolones	p. 12
Clinical Uses	p. 12
Urinary Tract Infections	p. 12
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	p. 13
Respiratory Infections	p. 13
Gastrointestinal Infections	p. 14
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections	p. 15
Bone Infections	p. 15
Neutropenic Cancer Patients	p. 16
Prophylaxis	p. 16
Pharmacoeconomic Aspects of Fluoroquinolone Usage	p. 16
Use of Fluoroquinolones in Pediatrics	p. 17
Adverse Drug Reactions	p. 19
Interactions with Other Drugs	p. 22
Interactions Reducing Absorption	p. 22
Metabolic and Inhibitory Interactions	p. 23
Conclusion	p. 23
References	p. 24
Chemistry and Mechanism of Action of the Quinolone Antibacterials
Introduction	p. 34
Structural and Historical Background	p. 34
General Structural Features of the Quinolones	p. 35
First-Generation Quinolones	p. 36
Second-Generation Quinolones	p. 38
Third- and Fourth-Generation Quinolones	p. 42
In Vitro Potency	p. 43
In Vivo Activity	p. 51
Selectivity: Activity against Mammalian Topoisomerase II and Genetic Toxicity	p. 53
Chemical Properties	p. 55
Future Directions	p. 57
Compounds Lacking the C-6 Fluorine	p. 57
2-Pyridones	p. 59
Alteration of Primary Enzymatic Target	p. 60
Mechanism of Action	p. 61
Replication of DNA	p. 61
Bacterial Topoisomerases	p. 63
Topoisomerase Sensitivity to Fluoroquinolones	p. 71
Killing of Bacterial Cells by Fluoroquinolones	p. 75
Conclusion	p. 81
References	p. 82
Comparative In-Vitro Properties of the Quinolones
Introduction	p. 99
Gram-Negative Aerobes	p. 102
Enterobacteriaceae	p. 102
Other Gram-Negative Aerobes	p. 107
Gram-Positive Aerobes	p. 117
Anaerobes	p. 125
Miscellaneous Organisms	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 132
References	p. 132
Bacterial Resistance to Quinolones: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Introduction	p. 140
Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance	p. 140
Gram-Negative Bacteria	p. 140
Escherichia coli	p. 140
Salmonella spp.	p. 142
Klebsiella spp.	p. 143
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	p. 143
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	p. 145
Campylobacter spp.	p. 145
Helicobacter pylori	p. 145
Miscellaneous	p. 146
Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 146
Staphylococcus aureus	p. 146
Streptococcus pneumoniae	p. 147
Enterococcus faecalis	p. 148
Mycobacteria	p. 148
Clinical Impact of Bacterial Resistance to Quinolones	p. 149
Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance	p. 149
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Hospital Practice	p. 149
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Community-Acquired Infections	p. 151
Quinolone Use and Emergence of Resistance	p. 155
References	p. 156
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Fluoroquinolones
Introduction	p. 170
Basic Concepts of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	p. 170
Pharmacokinetics	p. 171
Absorption	p. 172
Distribution	p. 174
Elimination	p. 179
Special Population	p. 181
Drug Interactions	p. 182
Pharmacodynamics	p. 185
Bactericidal Activity: Time-Kill Curves	p. 185
Pharmacodynamic Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcome	p. 186
Post-Antibiotic Effects	p. 188
Conclusion	p. 191
References	p. 191
Use of Quinolones in Urinary Tract Infection and Prostatitis
Introduction	p. 203
Urinary Tract Infection	p. 204
Pharmacology	p. 207
Microbiology	p. 207
Clinical Studies	p. 209
Limitations of Available Studies	p. 209
Acute Uncomplicated Urinary Infection	p. 209
Acute Nonobstructive Pyelonephritis	p. 213
Complicated Urinary Infection	p. 214
Bacterial Prostatitis	p. 215
Conclusion	p. 218
References	p. 218
Use of the Quinolones in Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Introduction	p. 228
Gonococcal Infections	p. 229
Background	p. 229
In-Vitro Activity of Quinolones against Neisseria gonorrhoeae	p. 230
Clinical Studies	p. 230
Resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to the Quinolones	p. 233
Chlamydia trachomatis	p. 235
Background	p. 235
In-Vitro Activity of Quinolones against C. trachomatis	p. 235
Clinical Studies	p. 235
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	p. 238
Chancroid	p. 239
Background	p. 239
In-Vitro Activity of Quinolones against Haemophilus ducreyi	p. 239
Clinical Studies	p. 240
Donovanosis	p. 241
Bacterial Vaginosis	p. 241
Special Toxicity Considerations When Quinolones Are Used for Treating Sexually Transmitted Diseases	p. 242
Conclusion	p. 243
References	p. 243
Treatment of Respiratory Infections with Quinolones
Introduction	p. 255
Clinical Issues in the Therapy of Respiratory Infection	p. 257
Community-Acquired Pneumonia	p. 257
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia	p. 260
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis	p. 261
Pharmacological Advantages for the Use of Quinolones in Respiratory Infection	p. 262
Penetration into Lung Tissue	p. 262
Mechanism of Killing	p. 265
Microbiologic Advantages of Quinolones for Respiratory Infection	p. 267
Activity against Common Respiratory Pathogens	p. 268
Clinical Efficacy of Quinolones for the Therapy of Respiratory Tract Infections	p. 271
Community-Acquired Pneumonia	p. 271
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia	p. 274
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis	p. 275
Conclusion	p. 276
References	p. 277
Use of Quinolones in Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology
Introduction	p. 285
Surgical Wound Prophylaxis	p. 286
Soft Tissue Infection	p. 288
Intraabdominal Infection	p. 289
Gynecologic Infections	p. 291
Postoperative Pelvic Infections	p. 293
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	p. 294
Upper Genital Tract Infection	p. 295
Pregnancy	p. 296
Conclusion	p. 297
References	p. 297
Use of the Quinolones for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections
Introduction	p. 304
Pharmacology	p. 304
Microbiology	p. 304
Effects on Human Intestinal Microflora	p. 305
Clinical Studies	p. 305
Empirical Therapy of Acute Diarrhea	p. 305
Traveler's Diarrhea	p. 308
Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis	p. 309
Typhoid Fever	p. 310
Shigellosis	p. 312
Cholera and Other Vibrios	p. 314
Campylobacter	p. 315
Antimicrobial Resistance to Quinolones	p. 316
Conclusion	p. 317
References	p. 318
Use of the Quinolones in Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis
Introduction	p. 325
Pharmacology	p. 326
In-Vitro Activity of Quinolones against Meningeal Pathogens	p. 326
CSF Penetration of the Quinolones in Vivo	p. 328
Microbiology	p. 335
Studies of Clinical Efficacy	p. 336
Case Reports	p. 336
Chemoprophylaxis of Meningococcal Meningitis	p. 336
Clinical Trial of Trovafloxacin	p. 338
Conclusion	p. 339
References	p. 339
Use of the Quinolones in Immunocompromised Patients
Introduction	p. 343
Risk Factors and Associated Infections	p. 344
Rationale for Fluoroquinolone Use	p. 346
Effect of Fluoroquinolones on Endogenous Microflora	p. 347
Infection Prevention in Afebrile Neutropenic Patients	p. 348
Empiric Therapy in Febrile Neutropenic Patients	p. 350
Risk-Based Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia	p. 352
Treatment of Specific Infections	p. 354
Legionellosis	p. 354
Mycobacterial Infections	p. 356
Miscellaneous Infections	p. 358
Conclusion	p. 359
References	p. 360
Use of the Quinolones in Skin and Skin Structure (Osteomyelitis) and Other Infections
Introduction	p. 371
Skin and Soft Tissue Infection	p. 372
Pharmacology	p. 373
Microbiology	p. 373
Clinical Studies	p. 374
Bone and Joint Infection	p. 378
Osteomyelitis	p. 378
Pharmacology	p. 379
Microbiology	p. 380
Clinical Studies	p. 382
Septic Arthritis	p. 388
Conclusion	p. 389
References	p. 390
Safety Overview: Toxicity, Adverse Effects, and Drug Interactions
Introduction	p. 398
Toxicity of Quinolones (Studies in Animals)	p. 399
General Remarks	p. 399
Effects on Connective Tissue Structures (Cartilage, Tendon)	p. 400
Neurotoxicity	p. 404
Phototoxicity, Photomutagenicity, and Photocarcinogenicity	p. 405
Nephrotoxicity	p. 406
Ocular Toxicity	p. 407
Cardiotoxicity	p. 408
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity	p. 408
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity	p. 411
Adverse Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Clinical Studies	p. 413
Adverse Effects of Fluoroquinolones	p. 413
Adverse Effects Observed in Preregistration Clinical Trials	p. 420
Adverse Effects Observed in Comparative Double-Blind Studies	p. 429
Drug Interactions	p. 433
Influence of pH and Magnesium on Antibacterial Activity of Quinolones in Vitro	p. 434
Interactions between Quinolones and Antacids	p. 434
Influence of Breakfast or Dairy Products on the Bioavailability of Quinolones	p. 436
Interactions in Renal Elimination	p. 438
Interactions between Quinolones and Theophylline	p. 438
Interactions between Quinolones and Caffeine	p. 440
Interactions with Digoxin	p. 440
Interactions between Quinolones and Other Drugs	p. 441
References	p. 442
Use of the Quinolones in Pediatrics
Introduction	p. 455
Animal Data	p. 456
Quinolone Arthropathy	p. 456
Histopathology	p. 457
Possible Mechanisms	p. 458
Tendopathy	p. 458
Pharmacokinetics	p. 460
Clinical Experiences	p. 460
Tolerability	p. 460
Development of Resistance	p. 461
Quinolone-Associated Arthralgia	p. 462
Studied Indications	p. 463
Newest Compounds	p. 467
Recommendations	p. 468
Conclusion	p. 468
References	p. 469
The Quinolones: Prospects
Introduction	p. 477
Molecular Mechanisms of the Quinolones: Key Discoveries	p. 478
Microbiology	p. 480
Pharmacokinetics	p. 481
Clinical Uses	p. 482
Adverse Events	p. 483
Quinolones: Future Developments	p. 486
Current Quinolone Status and Classification	p. 487
Conclusion	p. 490
References	p. 491
Index	p. 497
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Quinolones

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials