Race, Racism, And Science,

A provocative overview of the history of the race concept in European and American science, based on current research that shows how race and science grew together in Western thought.

Series Editor's Preface

ix

Prologue

xi

The Origins of Racial Science, Antiquity--1800

1

(28)

Was There Race in Antiquity?

1

(3)

The Curse of Ham and Medieval Racial Thought

4

(3)

The Age of Exploration

7

(1)

Natural Philosophy and the Colonial Experience: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

8

(4)

The Science of Anthropology

12

(8)

The Atlantic Slave System

20

(2)

Enlightenment Values and Racial Thought

22

(2)

Conclusion

24

(1)

Bibliographic Essay

24

(5)

The Establishment of Racial Typology, 1800--1859

29

(32)

The Reign of Monogenism: Prichard and Lawrence

35

(4)

Steps toward Polygenesis

39

(6)

American Polygenism: Morton, Nott, and Gliddon

45

(7)

Polygenism in the Land of Prichard

52

(3)

Conclusion

55

(2)

Bibliographic Essay

57

(4)

Race and Evolution, 1859--1900

61

(36)

Darwin's Argument in On the Origin of Species

63

(4)

Darwin and Wallace on Natural Selection and Human Origins

67

(2)

Darwin on Human Evolution

69

(3)

Physical Anthropology and the Persistence of Polygenism

72

(4)

Spencer and Evolution

76

(4)

Spencer on the Savage Mind

80

(4)

Social Darwinism and Its Variants

84

(1)

Social Darwinism in Germany

85

(3)

Sociocultural Evolutionism in Britain

88

(5)

Bibliographic Essay

93

(4)

The Hardening of Scientific Racism, 1900--1945

97

(32)

The Problem of Heredity

97

(2)

Francis Galton

99

(3)

Hard Heredity

102

(3)

The Rise of Nordicism

105

(4)

Nordicism and Civilization

105

(2)

The Supremacy of Nordics

107

(2)

The Rise of Eugenics

109

(16)

Eugenics and Race in the United States

109

(11)

German Rassenhygiene

120

(5)

Bibliographic Essay

125

(4)

The Retreat of Scientific Racism, 1890--1940

129

(34)

Boas and the Culture Concept

130

(7)

Boasian Anthropology and Black Folklore

137

(7)

Psychologists and the Critique of IQ Testing

144

(2)

From Race Psychology to Studies in Prejudice

146

(7)

Genetics and the Critique of Eugenics

153

(6)

Bibliographic Essay

159

(4)

The Liberal Orthodoxy, 1940--1960

163

(42)

The Geneticists' Manifesto

165

(3)

Wartime Antiracism: Benedict, Montagu, and Dunn and Dobzhansky

168

(5)

Experts in Prejudice

173

(4)

An American Dilemma

177

(4)

The Post-Myrdal Liberal Orthodoxy

181

(7)

The Damage Argument

188

(5)

The Breakdown of the Liberal Orthodoxy

193

(4)

The UNESCO Statements on Race

197

(4)

Bibliographic Essay

201

(4)

A Multicultural Science of Race, 1965 to the Present

205

(32)

Movement Scholarship

205

(2)

The Rejection of the Pathology of Black Culture

207

(2)

Institutional Racism and Colonialism

209

(4)

Genetics, New Physical Anthropology, and the Abandonment of Race

213

(6)

Forward to the Past: The Psychometrician Case for Race Differences

219

(3)

Psychometrics, Intelligence, and Heritability

222

(2)

Geneticists versus the Psychometricians

224

(2)

The Psychometricians versus Scholars of Institutional Racism

226

(4)

Psychometric Case for Policy

230

(3)

Bibliographic Essay

233

(4)

Chronology

237

(6)

Glossary

243

(12)

Documents

255

(116)

Bibliography

371

(16)

Index

387

(16)

About the Authors

403

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Race, Racism, And Science,

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials