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- ISBN: 9781319035969 | 1319035965
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 9/30/2016
Build effective writing and reading skills for a successful college career with the friendly advice and thoughtful practice found in Read, Write, Connect.
Kathleen Green is an Associate Professor of English at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California, where she has taught integrated reading and writing courses since 2001. She earned her Ph.D. in English at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and served as Assistant Professor of English at Purdue University-Calumet before moving to California. She has taught a wide variety of courses--including film history, film theory, women's literature, African-American literature, and children's literature--as well as the entire range of English composition courses, from basic skills to developmental to advanced composition. She has published scholarly articles on women's history and popular culture, but prefers working with students just beginning their journeys into higher education. She has served as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center, has been involved with Writing Across the Curriculum, and has developed online curricula to help students with basic writing and reading skills across many disciplines. Currently, she teaches in the Veterans Learning Collaborative at PCC, a cohort-based program that helps U.S. military veterans make the transition to college learning. Amy Lawlor is a Professor of English at City College of San Francisco where she has been teaching integrated reading/writing and creative writing since 2008. She earned her M.A. in English as well as a Composition Certificate from San Francisco State University and a Post-Secondary Reading Certificate from Cal State Fullerton. In the 15 years that she has been teaching college, she has enjoyed working at a number of Bay Area community colleges as well as Pasadena City College where she was exposed to a wide variety of composition curricula and experience teaching integrated reading/writing, reading, composition, Filipino-American literature, Latino-American literature, and other courses, including learning community courses and writing-across-the-curriculum courses. At Pasadena City College, in addition to teaching composition and literature, she worked as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center and collaborated with Kathy Green in developing online curricula for reading and writing. She is currently co-lead faculty for one of City College of San Francisco’s accelerated courses and calls curriculum and faculty development her primary professional interests outside the classroom.
Preface
PART 1 From Pre-Reading to Proofreading: The Reading and Writing Processes 1 Reading and Responding to College Texts
How to Approach a Text: Pre-Reading Strategies
Taking Stock of What You Already Know about a Topic
Previewing the Text
Carol S. Dweck, The Perils and Promises of Praise
Annotating While You Read
Active Readers Annotate
Recording Your Thoughts about the Text
Asking Questions about the Text
Identifying New Words
*Example of Annotating
Finding Main Ideas and Supporting Evidence
What Is the Main Idea?
What Is Support?
How Do You Find the Thesis, Major Points, and Support in an Essay or Article?
Writing a Summary
How Do You Write a Summary?
*Chapter Review 2 Active and Critical Reading
Reading Critically
Reading With and Against the Grain
Read With the Grain
Read Against the Grain
Compare Your Notes
Readings on Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy
Sherie Holder and Kenneth Meeks, Teach Your Children the Building Blocks of Finance
*[Textbook] Paul J. Campbell, Borrowing Models
*Bureau of Labor Statistics, Education Pays (Chart)
*Higher One and EverFi, Money Matters on Campus (Infographic)
*Ken Ilgunas, Out of Debt, On the Road
Olivia Mellan, Men, Women, and Money
Working with Multiple Sources
*Charting to Organize Ideas
Additional Online and Media Sources
*Chapter Review 3 Putting Ideas into Writing
What Is an Essay, and How Do You Write One?
The Essay
The Writing Process
How to Read an Essay Assignment
Essay Writing Time Management
Pre-Writing for Your Essay
Freewriting
Listing
Thesis Statements
Outlining Your Ideas
Generating Evidence to Support Your Thesis
Topic Sentences
Finding Topic Sentences
Writing Topic Sentences
Drafting a Rough Essay
Introductions and Conclusions
Finishing the Rough Draft
Essay Assignments for Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy Unit
*Chapter Review4 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading
Revising as Re-Seeing Your Work
Practicing Peer Review
Revision Strategies
Revision Strategy 1: Make Your Audience and Purpose Clear
Revision Strategy 2: Focus Your Topic or Strengthen Your Thesis
Revision Strategy 3: Reorganize a Paragraph
Revision Strategy 4: Develop Your Paragraphs
Revision Strategy 5: Integrate Quotations and Paraphrases
Revision Strategy 6: Reorganize Your Essay
Editing Strategies
Editing Strategy 1: Read Your Essay Out Loud
Editing Strategy 2: Read Backwards
Proofreading
*Chapter Review PART 2 How Do I Do That? Reading and Writing Workshops 5 Active Reading Strategies
*Reading Nonfiction
SQ3R
KWL+
*Beth Shapiro, Long Live the Mammoth
Mapping
*Outlining
*Reading Visual Texts
*Bar Graphs
*Pie Charts
*Line Graphs
*Maps
*Infographics
*Photographs
*Film and Video
Reading Fiction
Elements of Fiction
Annotating Fiction
Taking Notes on Fiction
*Concept Wheel
*Picture Map
*Chapter Review 6 *Strategies for Reading Textbooks
How to Pre-Read a Whole Textbook
Annotating Textbooks
*Using Textbook Features
*Table of Contents
*Chapter Outlines or Openers
*Key Words or Glossary
*Section Headings
*Boxes and Charts
*Images
*Bulleted or Numbered Lists
*Comprehension and Discussion Questions
*Practices, Quizzes, and Exercises
*Chapter or Section Reviews
Outlining or Mapping Textbooks
[Textbook] David G. Myers, Intelligence
Muscle Reading
*Chapter Review 7 Audience, Purpose, and Topic
Audience and Purpose
Determining the Audience and Purpose in a Reading
Reading for Audience and Purpose
Katie Allison Granju, A Parenting Secret I Am No Longer Willing to Keep
Topics
Finding Something to Say and Caring about It
Making a Broad Topic More Specific
Crafting Your Paper’s Audience, Purpose, and Tone
Writing for a Particular Audience
Writing with a Purpose
Writing in a Particular Tone
Sharpening Your Topic with a Title
Titles of Academic Articles
*Chapter Review 8 Rhetorical Patterns in Reading and Writing
What Is a Rhetorical Pattern?
A Detailed Look at the Patterns
Example/Illustration
Definition
Classification/Categorization
Narration
Description
Process Analysis
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect
*Rhetorical Patterns in Context
*Using Rhetorical Patterns as a Brainstorming Strategy
*Rhetorical Patterns in Pre-Writing
*Rhetorical Patterns in the Revision Stage
*Chapter Review 9 Vocabulary Building
Strategies for Discovering the Meanings of Words
Using Context Clues
Using a Dictionary
Understanding Word Parts
Prefixes
Roots
Suffixes
Committing New Words to Memory
Using Mnemonics
Making Graphic Flash Cards
Using a Thesaurus
Using New Vocabulary
*Chapter Review 10 Pre-Writing
Freewriting
Clustering
Listing
Questioning
*Using Synthesis Charts to Generate Ideas
*Chapter Review 11 Thesis and Main Idea
The Purpose of a Thesis
The Explicit Thesis or Main Idea
The Implied Thesis or Main Idea
Sample Thesis Statements from Different Types of Readings
Finding the Main Point in a Reading
Shaping Your Thesis
Characteristics of a Thesis
*Figuring Out What Claim You Want to Make
*Step-by-Step Guide to a Working Thesis
*Revising Your Thesis
*Improving Weak Thesis Statements
*Chapter Review 12 Argument
What Is an Argument?
Taking a Position
Evidence and Reasons
*Kinds of Evidence
*Expert Opinion as Evidence
Making Inferences from Evidence
KJ Dell’Antonia, Disney Limits Junk-Food Ads
Counterarguments and Rebuttals
Concession Words
*Los Angeles Times Editorial Board, How Can We, How Should We, Regulate Hobby Drones?
*Chapter Review 13 Topic Sentences and Paragraphs
Topic Sentences
Identifying Topic Sentences
*Theresa Cramer, Would You Quit Social Media If You Could?
The Topic Sentence and the Thesis
Writing Topic Sentences
Paragraphs
*Understand PIE Paragraph Structure
Evaluate Your Paragraphs
Develop Your Point (P)
Strengthen the Information (I)
Strengthen the Explanation or Elaboration (E)
Turn Your Topic Sentence into a Question
*Chapter Review 14 Essay Organization and Outlining
Outlining as a Reader
Janna Malamud Smith, Income Inequality within Families Is Emerging as a Major Issue
Outlining as a Writer
Formal Outlines
Informal Outlines
Two Commonly Assigned Essay Structures
Compare and Contrast Essays
Cause and Effect Essays
Outlining Your Own Rough Draft
Transitions
Transitional Words and Expressions
Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph
Sequencing Transitions
*Chapter Review 15 Drafting
Writing the Very Rough Draft
Exploratory Drafts
Evidence Drafts
Conversation Drafts
Writing the Public First Draft
*Chapter Review 16 Introductions and Conclusions
Introductions
The Hook
The Topic
Background Information
The Thesis
Conclusions
Summing Up Your Essay
Providing Context and Adding Final Thoughts
Strategies for Writing Strong Conclusions
*Chapter Review 17 Quotation and Paraphrase
Evaluating Sources for Credibility
Making Sure Source Material Is Relevant
*Avoid Plagiarism by Citing Source Material
*Does This Sound Like You?
When and How to Use Quotations
How to Quote Correctly
How to Alter Quotations
When and How to Paraphrase
Introducing a Quotation or Paraphrase
Basic Signal Phrases
Use Signal Phrases to Add Meaning
Use More Sophisticated Signal Phrases
Explaining a Quotation or Paraphrase
*Chapter Review 18 Giving and Receiving Feedback
Feedback Is Essential
Guidelines for Peer Review
Interpreting and Applying Instructors’ Comments
Corrections
Comments
How to Use a Rubric
Meeting with an Instructor or Tutor
*Chapter Review 19 *Essay Exams
*Preparing Mentally and Physically for an Essay Exam
*Understanding the Expectations for the Essay Exam
*Essay Exams in General
*The Specific Exam
*Studying for an Essay Exam
*Starting with an Overview
*Charting
*Dissecting the Question
*Making and Sticking to a Plan of Action
*Step-by-Step Guide to the Essay Exam Writing Process
*Chapter Review 20 Note Taking
The Cornell Method of Note Taking
Note Taking in Other Situations
Class Discussions
Small-Group Activities
Film and Video Screenings
Interviews
Avoiding Plagiarism When Taking Research Notes
The Note Card System
The Notebook System
Electronic Note-Taking Systems
*Chapter Review 21 Research
What to Look for in Source Materials
Source
Credibility
Relevance
Currency
Your College Library
The Role of the Internet in Academic Research
Evaluating Web Sources
Working with Sources
*Chapter Review 22 MLA Documentation
Citation and Credibility
A Note about Plagiarism
The Three Components of MLA Format
Document Format
The Works Cited Page
Sample Formats for Works Cited Citations
In-Text (Parenthetical) Citation
*Chapter Review 23 *APA Documentation
*Components of APA Style
*Document Format
*The References Page
*In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations
*Chapter Review
PART 3 Food for Thought: Thematic Readings and Sources 24 *Curiosity
*Theme Overview
*Readings on Curiosity
*[Textbook] Amy T. Peterson and David J. Dunworth, Pandora
*Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, eds., Sun and Moon in a Box
*[Textbook] C. Scott Littleton, Amaterasu
*Ian Leslie, Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It
*Susan Engel, The Case for Curiosity
*Jim Whitehurst, How I Hire
*Daisy Yuhas, Curiosity Prepares the Brain for Better Learning
*Synthesizing the Readings
*Writing Your Essay
*Writing Assignments
*Additional Online and Media Sources 25 Public Art
Theme Overview
Readings on Public Art
[Textbook] Patrick Frank, Public Art and Street Art
Jack Becker, Public Art: An Essential Component of Creating Communities
Teresa Paloma Acosta, Chicano Mural Movement
*Paige Pfleger, What Right Do Muralists Have to the Buildings They Paint On?
Koon Hwee-Kan, Adolescents and Graffiti
Los Angeles Police Department, What Graffiti Means to a Community
Synthesizing the Readings
Writing Your Essay
Writing Assignments
Additional Online and Media Sources 26 Fame and Celebrity
Theme Overview
Readings on Fame and Celebrity
Andrea Chang, The Kardashians: Cashing in with a Capital K
Carlin Flora, Seeing by Starlight: Celebrity Obsession
*Donna Rockwell and David C. Giles, Being a Celebrity
Jake Halpern, The Desire to Belong: Why Everyone Wants to Have Dinner with Paris Hilton and 50 Cent
Synthesizing the Readings
Writing Your Essay
Writing Assignments
Additional Online and Media Sources
PART 4 How Do I Make My Sentences Say What I Mean? Grammar, Style, and Mechanics 27 How to Learn the Rules and Apply Them To Your Own Writing
Understanding Editing and Proofreading
Pinpointing Your Errors
Errors That Make Your Writing Unreadable
Errors That Make Your Writing Unclear
Errors That Make Your Writing Distracting
Creating a Grammar Log
Identifying and Prioritizing Errors: One Student’s Paragraph
Learning the Rules
Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Own Writing
*Chapter Review 28 Parts of Speech
Nouns and Pronouns
What Are Nouns and Pronouns?
Identifying Nouns and Pronouns
Adjectives
What Are Adjectives?
Identifying Adjectives
Definite and Indefinite Articles
Verbs
What Are Verbs?
Identifying Verbs
Adverbs
What Are Adverbs?
Identifying Adverbs
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Prepositions
Interjections
*Chapter Review 29 *Basic Sentence Components
What Is a Sentence?
Verbs
Time-Testing to Find the Verb
Compound Verbs
Subjects
Sentences That Begin with There Is or There Are
Verbals: The Verbs That Aren’t Verbs
Compound Subjects
Phrases
Prepositional Phrases
Clauses
*Chapter Review 30 *Sentence Structure
Coordination
Finding and Correcting Choppy Sentences
Subordination
Comma Placement with Subordinating Words or Phrases
Finding and Correcting Subordination Errors
Sentence Variety
*Chapter Review 31 *Finding and Fixing the Major Verb Errors
*Finding and Fixing Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
Complicated Subjects
Words between the Subject and the Verb
*Finding and Fixing Errors in Verb Tense
Using the Wrong Verb Tense
The Literary Present
Shifting Incorrectly between Tenses
*Finding and Fixing Errors with Irregular Verbs
*Chapter Review 32 Fragments
What Exactly Is a Fragment?
Fragments That Are Missing a Subject
Fragments That Are Missing a Verb or Part of a Verb
Fragments That Are Incomplete Thoughts
Recognizing Fragments in Your Own Writing
*Chapter Review 33 Run-Ons: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
What Are Fused Sentences and Comma Splices?
Finding and Fixing Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
*Chapter Review 34 Pronouns
What Exactly Is a Pronoun?
Subject Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns: This/These/That/Those
Antecedents
Common Pronoun Errors
Pronoun-Reference Errors
Pronoun-Agreement Errors
Pronoun-Shift Errors
Fixing Pronoun Errors
*Chapter Review 35 Commas
What Is a Comma?
Rules for Using Commas
Use a Comma to Separate Items in a List
Use a Comma to Separate Place Names, Dates, and People’s Titles
Use a Comma When You Introduce a Quotation, Unless You Use the Word That
Use a Comma When You Have Two or More Adjectives in a Row
Use a Comma with Introductory Elements
Use a Comma When Joining Two Sentences with a Coordinating Conjunction
Use Commas with Sentence Interrupters
Building Sentences Using These Comma Rules
Editing Your Work for Comma Errors
*Chapter Review 36 Parallelism
What Is Parallelism?
Common Parallelism Errors
Lists with Colons
List Interrupters
That Tricky Word That
Maintaining Parallelism When Quoting
Finding and Fixing Parallelism Errors
*Chapter Review 37 Mixed Constructions
What Is a Mixed Construction?
What Are Predication Errors?
Finding Mixed Constructions
Fixing Mixed Constructions
*Chapter Review 38 *Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
What Is a Modifier?
Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling Modifiers
Finding and Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
*Chapter Review 39 *Clear and Focused Language
*What Is Clear and Focused Language?
Avoid Clichés, Empty Phrases, and Slang
Avoid Wordiness
Avoid Vague or Unclear Pronouns
Use Active Voice Whenever Possible
*Reduce Bias
*Racial or Cultural Language
*Gendered Language
*Chapter Review 40 Apostrophes
What Is an Apostrophe?
Using Apostrophes to Make Contractions
A Few Exceptions
Using Apostrophes to Show Ownership
Finding and Fixing Apostrophe Errors with Possessives
*Chapter Review 41 Spelling and Capitalization
Spelling
Commonly Confused Words
Tricky Spelling Rules
Plural Endings
Silent e
To Double or Not to Double the Final Consonant
Foreign Words
Capitalization
Proper Nouns
Titles
*Chapter Review Index
*Index of Readings
PART 1 From Pre-Reading to Proofreading: The Reading and Writing Processes 1 Reading and Responding to College Texts
How to Approach a Text: Pre-Reading Strategies
Taking Stock of What You Already Know about a Topic
Previewing the Text
Carol S. Dweck, The Perils and Promises of Praise
Annotating While You Read
Active Readers Annotate
Recording Your Thoughts about the Text
Asking Questions about the Text
Identifying New Words
*Example of Annotating
Finding Main Ideas and Supporting Evidence
What Is the Main Idea?
What Is Support?
How Do You Find the Thesis, Major Points, and Support in an Essay or Article?
Writing a Summary
How Do You Write a Summary?
*Chapter Review 2 Active and Critical Reading
Reading Critically
Reading With and Against the Grain
Read With the Grain
Read Against the Grain
Compare Your Notes
Readings on Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy
Sherie Holder and Kenneth Meeks, Teach Your Children the Building Blocks of Finance
*[Textbook] Paul J. Campbell, Borrowing Models
*Bureau of Labor Statistics, Education Pays (Chart)
*Higher One and EverFi, Money Matters on Campus (Infographic)
*Ken Ilgunas, Out of Debt, On the Road
Olivia Mellan, Men, Women, and Money
Working with Multiple Sources
*Charting to Organize Ideas
Additional Online and Media Sources
*Chapter Review 3 Putting Ideas into Writing
What Is an Essay, and How Do You Write One?
The Essay
The Writing Process
How to Read an Essay Assignment
Essay Writing Time Management
Pre-Writing for Your Essay
Freewriting
Listing
Thesis Statements
Outlining Your Ideas
Generating Evidence to Support Your Thesis
Topic Sentences
Finding Topic Sentences
Writing Topic Sentences
Drafting a Rough Essay
Introductions and Conclusions
Finishing the Rough Draft
Essay Assignments for Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy Unit
*Chapter Review4 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading
Revising as Re-Seeing Your Work
Practicing Peer Review
Revision Strategies
Revision Strategy 1: Make Your Audience and Purpose Clear
Revision Strategy 2: Focus Your Topic or Strengthen Your Thesis
Revision Strategy 3: Reorganize a Paragraph
Revision Strategy 4: Develop Your Paragraphs
Revision Strategy 5: Integrate Quotations and Paraphrases
Revision Strategy 6: Reorganize Your Essay
Editing Strategies
Editing Strategy 1: Read Your Essay Out Loud
Editing Strategy 2: Read Backwards
Proofreading
*Chapter Review PART 2 How Do I Do That? Reading and Writing Workshops 5 Active Reading Strategies
*Reading Nonfiction
SQ3R
KWL+
*Beth Shapiro, Long Live the Mammoth
Mapping
*Outlining
*Reading Visual Texts
*Bar Graphs
*Pie Charts
*Line Graphs
*Maps
*Infographics
*Photographs
*Film and Video
Reading Fiction
Elements of Fiction
Annotating Fiction
Taking Notes on Fiction
*Concept Wheel
*Picture Map
*Chapter Review 6 *Strategies for Reading Textbooks
How to Pre-Read a Whole Textbook
Annotating Textbooks
*Using Textbook Features
*Table of Contents
*Chapter Outlines or Openers
*Key Words or Glossary
*Section Headings
*Boxes and Charts
*Images
*Bulleted or Numbered Lists
*Comprehension and Discussion Questions
*Practices, Quizzes, and Exercises
*Chapter or Section Reviews
Outlining or Mapping Textbooks
[Textbook] David G. Myers, Intelligence
Muscle Reading
*Chapter Review 7 Audience, Purpose, and Topic
Audience and Purpose
Determining the Audience and Purpose in a Reading
Reading for Audience and Purpose
Katie Allison Granju, A Parenting Secret I Am No Longer Willing to Keep
Topics
Finding Something to Say and Caring about It
Making a Broad Topic More Specific
Crafting Your Paper’s Audience, Purpose, and Tone
Writing for a Particular Audience
Writing with a Purpose
Writing in a Particular Tone
Sharpening Your Topic with a Title
Titles of Academic Articles
*Chapter Review 8 Rhetorical Patterns in Reading and Writing
What Is a Rhetorical Pattern?
A Detailed Look at the Patterns
Example/Illustration
Definition
Classification/Categorization
Narration
Description
Process Analysis
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect
*Rhetorical Patterns in Context
*Using Rhetorical Patterns as a Brainstorming Strategy
*Rhetorical Patterns in Pre-Writing
*Rhetorical Patterns in the Revision Stage
*Chapter Review 9 Vocabulary Building
Strategies for Discovering the Meanings of Words
Using Context Clues
Using a Dictionary
Understanding Word Parts
Prefixes
Roots
Suffixes
Committing New Words to Memory
Using Mnemonics
Making Graphic Flash Cards
Using a Thesaurus
Using New Vocabulary
*Chapter Review 10 Pre-Writing
Freewriting
Clustering
Listing
Questioning
*Using Synthesis Charts to Generate Ideas
*Chapter Review 11 Thesis and Main Idea
The Purpose of a Thesis
The Explicit Thesis or Main Idea
The Implied Thesis or Main Idea
Sample Thesis Statements from Different Types of Readings
Finding the Main Point in a Reading
Shaping Your Thesis
Characteristics of a Thesis
*Figuring Out What Claim You Want to Make
*Step-by-Step Guide to a Working Thesis
*Revising Your Thesis
*Improving Weak Thesis Statements
*Chapter Review 12 Argument
What Is an Argument?
Taking a Position
Evidence and Reasons
*Kinds of Evidence
*Expert Opinion as Evidence
Making Inferences from Evidence
KJ Dell’Antonia, Disney Limits Junk-Food Ads
Counterarguments and Rebuttals
Concession Words
*Los Angeles Times Editorial Board, How Can We, How Should We, Regulate Hobby Drones?
*Chapter Review 13 Topic Sentences and Paragraphs
Topic Sentences
Identifying Topic Sentences
*Theresa Cramer, Would You Quit Social Media If You Could?
The Topic Sentence and the Thesis
Writing Topic Sentences
Paragraphs
*Understand PIE Paragraph Structure
Evaluate Your Paragraphs
Develop Your Point (P)
Strengthen the Information (I)
Strengthen the Explanation or Elaboration (E)
Turn Your Topic Sentence into a Question
*Chapter Review 14 Essay Organization and Outlining
Outlining as a Reader
Janna Malamud Smith, Income Inequality within Families Is Emerging as a Major Issue
Outlining as a Writer
Formal Outlines
Informal Outlines
Two Commonly Assigned Essay Structures
Compare and Contrast Essays
Cause and Effect Essays
Outlining Your Own Rough Draft
Transitions
Transitional Words and Expressions
Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph
Sequencing Transitions
*Chapter Review 15 Drafting
Writing the Very Rough Draft
Exploratory Drafts
Evidence Drafts
Conversation Drafts
Writing the Public First Draft
*Chapter Review 16 Introductions and Conclusions
Introductions
The Hook
The Topic
Background Information
The Thesis
Conclusions
Summing Up Your Essay
Providing Context and Adding Final Thoughts
Strategies for Writing Strong Conclusions
*Chapter Review 17 Quotation and Paraphrase
Evaluating Sources for Credibility
Making Sure Source Material Is Relevant
*Avoid Plagiarism by Citing Source Material
*Does This Sound Like You?
When and How to Use Quotations
How to Quote Correctly
How to Alter Quotations
When and How to Paraphrase
Introducing a Quotation or Paraphrase
Basic Signal Phrases
Use Signal Phrases to Add Meaning
Use More Sophisticated Signal Phrases
Explaining a Quotation or Paraphrase
*Chapter Review 18 Giving and Receiving Feedback
Feedback Is Essential
Guidelines for Peer Review
Interpreting and Applying Instructors’ Comments
Corrections
Comments
How to Use a Rubric
Meeting with an Instructor or Tutor
*Chapter Review 19 *Essay Exams
*Preparing Mentally and Physically for an Essay Exam
*Understanding the Expectations for the Essay Exam
*Essay Exams in General
*The Specific Exam
*Studying for an Essay Exam
*Starting with an Overview
*Charting
*Dissecting the Question
*Making and Sticking to a Plan of Action
*Step-by-Step Guide to the Essay Exam Writing Process
*Chapter Review 20 Note Taking
The Cornell Method of Note Taking
Note Taking in Other Situations
Class Discussions
Small-Group Activities
Film and Video Screenings
Interviews
Avoiding Plagiarism When Taking Research Notes
The Note Card System
The Notebook System
Electronic Note-Taking Systems
*Chapter Review 21 Research
What to Look for in Source Materials
Source
Credibility
Relevance
Currency
Your College Library
The Role of the Internet in Academic Research
Evaluating Web Sources
Working with Sources
*Chapter Review 22 MLA Documentation
Citation and Credibility
A Note about Plagiarism
The Three Components of MLA Format
Document Format
The Works Cited Page
Sample Formats for Works Cited Citations
In-Text (Parenthetical) Citation
*Chapter Review 23 *APA Documentation
*Components of APA Style
*Document Format
*The References Page
*In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations
*Chapter Review
PART 3 Food for Thought: Thematic Readings and Sources 24 *Curiosity
*Theme Overview
*Readings on Curiosity
*[Textbook] Amy T. Peterson and David J. Dunworth, Pandora
*Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, eds., Sun and Moon in a Box
*[Textbook] C. Scott Littleton, Amaterasu
*Ian Leslie, Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It
*Susan Engel, The Case for Curiosity
*Jim Whitehurst, How I Hire
*Daisy Yuhas, Curiosity Prepares the Brain for Better Learning
*Synthesizing the Readings
*Writing Your Essay
*Writing Assignments
*Additional Online and Media Sources 25 Public Art
Theme Overview
Readings on Public Art
[Textbook] Patrick Frank, Public Art and Street Art
Jack Becker, Public Art: An Essential Component of Creating Communities
Teresa Paloma Acosta, Chicano Mural Movement
*Paige Pfleger, What Right Do Muralists Have to the Buildings They Paint On?
Koon Hwee-Kan, Adolescents and Graffiti
Los Angeles Police Department, What Graffiti Means to a Community
Synthesizing the Readings
Writing Your Essay
Writing Assignments
Additional Online and Media Sources 26 Fame and Celebrity
Theme Overview
Readings on Fame and Celebrity
Andrea Chang, The Kardashians: Cashing in with a Capital K
Carlin Flora, Seeing by Starlight: Celebrity Obsession
*Donna Rockwell and David C. Giles, Being a Celebrity
Jake Halpern, The Desire to Belong: Why Everyone Wants to Have Dinner with Paris Hilton and 50 Cent
Synthesizing the Readings
Writing Your Essay
Writing Assignments
Additional Online and Media Sources
PART 4 How Do I Make My Sentences Say What I Mean? Grammar, Style, and Mechanics 27 How to Learn the Rules and Apply Them To Your Own Writing
Understanding Editing and Proofreading
Pinpointing Your Errors
Errors That Make Your Writing Unreadable
Errors That Make Your Writing Unclear
Errors That Make Your Writing Distracting
Creating a Grammar Log
Identifying and Prioritizing Errors: One Student’s Paragraph
Learning the Rules
Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Own Writing
*Chapter Review 28 Parts of Speech
Nouns and Pronouns
What Are Nouns and Pronouns?
Identifying Nouns and Pronouns
Adjectives
What Are Adjectives?
Identifying Adjectives
Definite and Indefinite Articles
Verbs
What Are Verbs?
Identifying Verbs
Adverbs
What Are Adverbs?
Identifying Adverbs
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs
Prepositions
Interjections
*Chapter Review 29 *Basic Sentence Components
What Is a Sentence?
Verbs
Time-Testing to Find the Verb
Compound Verbs
Subjects
Sentences That Begin with There Is or There Are
Verbals: The Verbs That Aren’t Verbs
Compound Subjects
Phrases
Prepositional Phrases
Clauses
*Chapter Review 30 *Sentence Structure
Coordination
Finding and Correcting Choppy Sentences
Subordination
Comma Placement with Subordinating Words or Phrases
Finding and Correcting Subordination Errors
Sentence Variety
*Chapter Review 31 *Finding and Fixing the Major Verb Errors
*Finding and Fixing Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
Complicated Subjects
Words between the Subject and the Verb
*Finding and Fixing Errors in Verb Tense
Using the Wrong Verb Tense
The Literary Present
Shifting Incorrectly between Tenses
*Finding and Fixing Errors with Irregular Verbs
*Chapter Review 32 Fragments
What Exactly Is a Fragment?
Fragments That Are Missing a Subject
Fragments That Are Missing a Verb or Part of a Verb
Fragments That Are Incomplete Thoughts
Recognizing Fragments in Your Own Writing
*Chapter Review 33 Run-Ons: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
What Are Fused Sentences and Comma Splices?
Finding and Fixing Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
*Chapter Review 34 Pronouns
What Exactly Is a Pronoun?
Subject Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns: This/These/That/Those
Antecedents
Common Pronoun Errors
Pronoun-Reference Errors
Pronoun-Agreement Errors
Pronoun-Shift Errors
Fixing Pronoun Errors
*Chapter Review 35 Commas
What Is a Comma?
Rules for Using Commas
Use a Comma to Separate Items in a List
Use a Comma to Separate Place Names, Dates, and People’s Titles
Use a Comma When You Introduce a Quotation, Unless You Use the Word That
Use a Comma When You Have Two or More Adjectives in a Row
Use a Comma with Introductory Elements
Use a Comma When Joining Two Sentences with a Coordinating Conjunction
Use Commas with Sentence Interrupters
Building Sentences Using These Comma Rules
Editing Your Work for Comma Errors
*Chapter Review 36 Parallelism
What Is Parallelism?
Common Parallelism Errors
Lists with Colons
List Interrupters
That Tricky Word That
Maintaining Parallelism When Quoting
Finding and Fixing Parallelism Errors
*Chapter Review 37 Mixed Constructions
What Is a Mixed Construction?
What Are Predication Errors?
Finding Mixed Constructions
Fixing Mixed Constructions
*Chapter Review 38 *Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
What Is a Modifier?
Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling Modifiers
Finding and Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
*Chapter Review 39 *Clear and Focused Language
*What Is Clear and Focused Language?
Avoid Clichés, Empty Phrases, and Slang
Avoid Wordiness
Avoid Vague or Unclear Pronouns
Use Active Voice Whenever Possible
*Reduce Bias
*Racial or Cultural Language
*Gendered Language
*Chapter Review 40 Apostrophes
What Is an Apostrophe?
Using Apostrophes to Make Contractions
A Few Exceptions
Using Apostrophes to Show Ownership
Finding and Fixing Apostrophe Errors with Possessives
*Chapter Review 41 Spelling and Capitalization
Spelling
Commonly Confused Words
Tricky Spelling Rules
Plural Endings
Silent e
To Double or Not to Double the Final Consonant
Foreign Words
Capitalization
Proper Nouns
Titles
*Chapter Review Index
*Index of Readings
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