Reading to Learn in the Content Areas

, by Richardson, Judy S.; Morgan, Raymond F.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780534508548 | 0534508545
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/23/1999

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This book offers comprehensive and complete coverage of content area reading and methods for any student age level, kindergarten through twelfth grade. The text perfectly illustrates how to apply reading methodology to subject area learning.

Preface

Processes and Principles of Content-Reading Instruction

(28)

How Teachers Can Best Be Effective

(1)

Characteristics of a Framework

(1)

The PAR Lesson Framework for Instruction

(2)

Three Examples of PAR Being Used to Teach Content

(7)

Reading Achievement and the Need for Improved Instruction

(5)

Eight Principles for Content-Reading Instruction

(6)

The Organization of This Text

(1)

One-Minute Summary

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

(2)

The Affective Domain of Teaching

(29)

The Importance of the Affective Domain in Teaching

(1)

How Teachers Can Improve Student Attitudes

(1)

Conative Factors in Content-Area Teaching

(1)

How Affect Is Displayed by Two Students

(2)

A Brain-Compatible Approach to Teaching

(4)

Modalities of Learning

(3)

Preparation for Affective Teaching

(4)

Assistance by Strengthening Affective Bonds

(4)

Providing Assistance with the Environment

(1)

Fostering the Habit of Reading

(1)

Reflection Strategies for Affective Teaching

(5)

Reinforcing Internally Controlled Behaviors

(4)

Questioning

(1)

One-Minute Summary

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

(1)

Learning with Multiple Resources

(31)

Why Textbooks Cannot Stand Alone

(2)

Textbooks Are Limited by Their Very Purpose

(1)

Learners Prefer Other Resources

(1)

Learners Struggle with Textbook Readability

(1)

Multiple Resources Are the Best Learning Tools

(1)

Literature in the Content Classroom

(1)

Characteristics of Effective Literature-Based Classrooms

(4)

Technology as a Resource

(8)

TV/Video/Movies

(1)

A Hypertext Environment

(1)

Word Processing and Other Production Applications

(1)

Instructional Software

(1)

Electronic Books

(1)

The Internet

(1)

E-Mail/Discussion Groups/Listservs

(1)

Using Multiple Resources to Augment Textbook Instruction

(10)

Read-Alongs and Read-Alouds

(3)

Thematic Units

(5)

Personal Inquiries

(1)

Issues Related to Supporting the Textbook with Multiple Resources

(2)

One-Minute Summary

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

(2)

Determining the Reader's Background for Content Material

(36)

Why Determining Background Is Important

(2)

The Notion of Readability

(4)

Inconsiderate Discourse

(1)

Textual Coherence

(2)

Determining the Readability of Textbooks

(10)

Checklists

(3)

The Rule of Thumb

100

(1)

Readability Formulas

100

(7)

Assessing Background Activities

107

(13)

The Cloze Procedure

107

(7)

The Maze

114

(1)

Pretests of Knowledge

115

(5)

Teacher-Constructed Textbook Inventories

120

(1)

Improving Textbook Selection

120

(3)

One-Minute Summary

123

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

124

(1)

Building the Reader's Background for Content Material

125

(27)

The Importance of Background Knowledge

127

(1)

Schema Theory and Content Reading

128

(2)

The Role of the Reader's Prior Knowledge and Interest

130

(4)

Limited Prior Knowledge

131

(2)

Incorrect Prior Knowledge

133

(1)

Interest and Attitude

133

(1)

Some Activities for Building Background

134

(15)

Multitext Strategies

134

(1)

Adapting Text: Rewriting Text

135

(2)

Previewing Text: Written Previews

137

(1)

Structuring Text by Using Graphic Organizers

138

(2)

Anticipation Guides

140

(6)

Analogies

146

(2)

Direct References and Simple Discussion

148

(1)

Avoiding Textbooks: A Teacher's Last Resort

149

(1)

One-Minute Summary

150

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

151

(1)

Assisting Comprehension

152

(39)

Assisting Students to Comprehend

154

(1)

Process Versus Product

155

(1)

Using Text Features to Facilitate Comprehension

156

(16)

Mapping Superordinate/Subordinate Relationships

157

(1)

Focusing on Segments of Text

158

(7)

Understanding Patterns of Organization

165

(3)

Activities to Facilitate Understanding of Text Organization

168

(4)

Using Questioning Strategies to Facilitate Comprehension

172

(18)

Preparing Three-Level Guides

173

(7)

Questioning for Comprehension

180

(10)

One-Minute Summary

190

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

190

(1)

Reflection in Reading: Autonomy, Critical Thinking, Evaluation

191

(49)

Reflection

194

(4)

The Move Toward Autonomous Learning

194

(1)

The Role of the Communicative Arts

195

(3)

Important Reflection Skills

198

(11)

Critical Thinking

198

(3)

Problem Solving and Decision Making

201

(2)

Analyzing Authors' Techniques

203

(2)

Separating Fact from Opinion

205

(1)

Detecting Propaganda

205

(4)

Activities That Foster Reflective Thinking

209

(2)

Brainstorming

209

(1)

TRIP Cards

209

(1)

Multitext Activities

210

(1)

Literary Gift Exchanges

210

(1)

Post Graphic Organizers

211

(1)

Evaluation

211

(20)

Standardized, Norm-Referenced Tests

215

(1)

Criterion-Referenced Tests

216

(1)

Teacher-Made Tests

217

(9)

Encouraging Student Responsibility

226

(4)

A Checklist for Designing a Test

230

(1)

Authentic Assessment

231

(7)

Developing Authentic Assessments

232

(1)

Portfolios as a Means of Authentic Assessment

233

(3)

Getting Started with Authentic Assessment

236

(2)

One-Minute Summary

238

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

238

(2)

Teaching Vocabulary

240

(42)

Understanding Words as Concepts

242

(1)

A Closer Look at Word Knowledge

243

(3)

Vocabulary and School Failure

246

(1)

Teaching Vocabulary in Preparation for Reading

247

(9)

Word Inventories

248

(1)

Graphic Organizers

248

(1)

Modified Cloze Procedures

249

(1)

Possible Sentences

250

(5)

Vocabulary Connections

255

(1)

Capsule Vocabulary

255

(1)

Assisting Students to Learn Vocabulary

256

(5)

Context Clue Discovery

256

(2)

Structural Analysis

258

(1)

Word Attack Paradigms

259

(1)

Vocabulary Lists

260

(1)

Quadrant Cards

260

(1)

Organizational (Jot) Charts

260

(1)

Reflecting on Vocabulary for Comprehension and Retention

261

(8)

Interactive Cloze Procedure

262

(1)

Semantic Feature Analysis

263

(1)

Word Puzzles

263

(1)

Post Graphic Organizers

263

(1)

Categorization

263

(4)

Word Sorts

267

(1)

DRTA Vocabulary Search

268

(1)

A Vocabulary Study System

268

(1)

Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy

269

(1)

Additional Reflection Activities for Enriching Language

269

(5)

Word Analogies

270

(1)

Magic Squares

270

(1)

Vocabulary Illustrations

271

(1)

Vocabulary Bingo

271

(2)

Word Bubbles

273

(1)

One-Minute Summary

274

(5)

End-of-Chapter Activities

279

(3)

Writing to Learn in the Content Areas

282

(41)

The Importance of the Reading-Writing Connection

285

(1)

The Process and Products of Writing

286

(4)

The Computer and Writing

290

(1)

Stages of Writing

290

(2)

The Preparation Phase of Writing

292

(5)

Cubing

294

(2)

Brain Writing

296

(1)

Three Warm-up Writing Activities

297

(1)

The Assistance Phase of Writing

297

(14)

Learning Logs

301

(3)

Annotations

304

(2)

Other Assisting Activities

306

(5)

The Reflection Phase of Writing

311

(9)

Activities for Reflective Writing

312

(5)

Grading Reflective Writing

317

(3)

One-Minute Summary

320

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

321

(2)

Study Skills and Study Systems

323

(44)

Making Students Aware of Study Skills

326

(1)

The Importance of Study Skills

327

(1)

Assessing Study Skills

328

(5)

Learning from Visual Representations

333

(2)

Reading Graphic Information

333

(1)

Reading Pictures and Maps

333

(2)

Making Mnemonic Associations

335

(7)

Acronyms

338

(1)

Acrostics

339

(1)

Associations

339

(1)

Method of Loci

340

(1)

Chunking

341

(1)

Go MAD

341

(1)

Rapid Reading

342

(3)

Shifting Gears While Reading

343

(1)

Rapid-Reading Exercises

344

(1)

Previewing

345

(3)

Learning to Preview

346

(1)

Skimming and Scanning

347

(1)

Locating Information

348

(1)

Organizing Information

349

(11)

Outlining

350

(2)

Note Taking

352

(4)

Text Lookbacks

356

(4)

Study Systems

360

(5)

SQ3R

360

(1)

PQR2 ST+

361

(2)

SQRC

363

(2)

One-Minute Summary

365

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

366

(1)

Cooperative Study for Communication and Collaboration

367

(34)

The Importance of Cooperative Study

369

(2)

Group Decision Making

371

(2)

Types of Cooperative Study

373

(3)

Oral Cooperative Study

373

(1)

Written Cooperative Study

374

(1)

Visual Cooperative Study

374

(2)

Why Cooperative Study Is Effective

376

(2)

Managing Time as the Key to Cooperative Study

378

(5)

Activities That Promote Cooperative Study

383

(11)

Extended Anticipation Guides

383

(1)

ABOUT/POINT

383

(1)

Paired Reading

383

(2)

Self-Generated Questions for Cooperative Study

385

(1)

Summarizing in Groups

385

(2)

Jigsaw

387

(1)

Think-Aloud

388

(2)

Cooperative Reading Activity

390

(1)

Interactive Guide

390

(1)

Cooperative Graphing

391

(1)

Other Activities That Involve Cooperation

392

(2)

Listening

394

(3)

One-Minute Summary

397

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

398

(3)

Supporting Diverse Learners in the Content Classroom

401

(39)

Reading for At-Risk Students

403

(6)

Characteristics of At-Risk Students

404

(1)

Identifying and Helping At-Risk Students

405

(2)

Resilient Students

407

(2)

Students with Limited English Proficiency

409

(9)

Cultural Discontinuity

409

(1)

School Programs

410

(2)

Social Style and Attitudes

412

(1)

Instructional Guidelines for Working with Students with Limited English Proficiency

413

(2)

Techniques That Work Well with Limited-English-Proficiency Students

415

(3)

Students from Low-Socioeconomic Environments

418

(2)

Poverty and School Achievement

418

(1)

Instructional Guidelines for Working with Students from Low-Socioeconomic Environments

419

(1)

Students with Low Self-Esteem

420

(5)

Motivation and Self-Esteem

421

(1)

Building Positive Relationships

422

(2)

Guidelines for Working with Students with Low Self-Esteem

424

(1)

Reading Instruction for Struggling Students

425

(12)

Factors to Consider

425

(1)

Strategy Repertoire

426

(5)

Additional Strategies for Struggling Readers and Nonreaders

431

(3)

Writing for At-Risk and Struggling Readers

434

(3)

One-Minute Summary

437

(1)

End-of-Chapter Activities

438

(2)

Appendix A Assessing Attitudes Toward Reading

440

(14)

Appendix B Readability Information

454

(3)

Appendix C Vocabulary Building: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots

457

(5)

Appendix D Sample PAR Activities

462

(11)

References

473

(32)

Activity Contributors

505

(4)

Author Index

509

(7)

Subject Index

516

(6)

PAR Cross-Reference Guide

522

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Reading to Learn in the Content Areas

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials