Reading Literature and Writing Argument

This anthology combines the content of literature and argument texts into one easy to use book. Reading Literature and Writing Argumentprovides readers with multi-genre reading experiences designed to immerse them in critical and creative thinking as they address problems and issues from multiple perspectives. This book prompts readers to see language as a way to create meaning in their lives and to see themselves as writers with a purpose and an audience. A new Chapter 3, "Talking Voice and Writing Argument," addresses the challenges of finding oners"s voice in academic writing. "Global Perspectives Research and Writing Topics" now appear at the end of the four literature chapters, to offer a broader context for approaching literary works. For anyone wanting to write compellling and thoughtful arguments.

PART I RHETORIC 1

 

1 The Literature and Argument Connection

Practicing Critical Inquiry and Expanding Thinking 2

Academic Argument and Critical Inquiry 3

Reading to Expand Thinking 5

from “Cathedral” 6

Raymond Carver, from “Cathedral” 00

“For deLawd” 6

Lucille Clifton, “For deLawd” 00

Activities 8

Marge Piercy, “To Be of Use” 8

Jane Martin, “Rodeo” 9

 

2 Examining Thinking and Analyzing Argument 12

Examining Thinking 13

from Romeo and Juliet 14

William Shakespeare, from Romeo and Juliet 00

from The Crucible 16

Arthur Miller, from The Crucible 00

Logical Fallacies 18

Activities 19

Analyzing Argument 21

Claims 21

Randy Horick, “Truer to the Game” 21

Kenneth Rexroth, “Cold before Dawn” 23

Ezra Pound, “In a Station of the Metro” 24

William Blake, “London” 24

Evidence 25

Assumptions 26

Audience Appeal and Tone: Pathos, Logos, Ethos 27

Pathos 28

Martín Espada, “Federico’s Ghost” 28

Logos 30

William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 18” 30

Ethos 31

William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 130” 31

Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl” 32

Activities 33

Robert Hayden, “Those Winter Sundays” 34

Wilfred Owen, “Dulce Et Decorum Est” 35

Robert Crumb, “A Short History of America” 37

Paul Madonna, “All Over Coffee” 38

 

3 Talking Voice and Writing Arguments 38

Voice and Writing in College 39

Activities 40

Basic Tasks for Writing Arguments 41

Personal Perspective Arguments 41

Shawn Mullin, “Yes, the Future Looks Bright, but the Moment

Is Hell” 41

Daphne Beckham, “Perspective on Men” 43

Research-Based Arguments 45

Meredith Newman Blanco, “Who Are the Real Victims of

Alcoholism?” 45

Lisa Colletti, “Super-Size It!” 49

Activities 54

 

4 Strategies for Writing Academic Arguments 56

Clarifying a Subject, Purpose, and Audience 57

Basic Tools for Designing Your Argument 57

The Heart of an Argument Is Its Claim: Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy–

Which Type of Claim Is Best for Your Argument? 58

The Body of an Argument Is Its Evidence 59

Appeals to Ethos, Logos, Pathos 59

Rhetorical Context 60

Counterarguments: Concessions and Refutations 60

Strategy Questions for Organizing Your Argument Essay 60

Argument Outline 61

Annotated Student Essay 62

Rogerian Argument: Creative Problem Solving 66

Activity 67

Rogerian Argument Organizational Plan 67

Annotated Student Essay 68

Sample Student Collaboration Writing Project 72

The Final Product 74

Working with Sources 79

Using Electronic Sources 80

Avoiding Plagiarism when Note-Taking 80

Documentation Systems 81

The Preliminary Bibliography 81

The Annotated Bibliography 82

Creating a Draft 85

Writing a Thesis/Claim Statement 85

Activity 85

From Claim to Outline to Draft 86

Incorporating Sources 86

Paraphrasing and Summarizing 86

Direct Quotations 87

In-Text Parenthetical Citations 88

Print Sources 88

Electronic Sources 89

The Works Cited Page 89

Activity:Try It Yourself—Finding Ideas and Planning an Academic

Argument 91

 

PART II ANTHOLOGY 93

 

5 Individuality and Community 94

Fiction 98

Kate Chopin, “Désirée’s Baby” 98

Stephen Crane,“The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” 102

Louise Erdrich, “The Red Convertible” 111

Laura Hendrie, “Corsage” 118

Edward P. Jones, “The Store” 130

Randall Kenan, “The Foundations of the Earth” 149

Maile Meloy, “Ranch Girl” 162

Ernesto Quinon~ez, from Bodega Dreams 167

Poetry 173

Sherman Alexie, “The Reservation Cab Driver” 173

Michael Cleary, “Burning Dreams on the Sun” 174

Countee Cullen, “Incident” 175

Emily Dickinson, “Much madness is divinest sense” 176

T. S. Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” 176

Jack Gilbert, “Trying to Sleep” 181

Judy Grahn, “Ella, in a square apron, along Highway 80” 182

Etheridge Knight, “Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the

Criminal Insane” 183

Don Marquis, “the lesson of the moth” 184

Claude McKay, “Outcast” 186

Dwight Okita, “In Response to Executive Order 9066” 187

Mary Oliver, “Wild Geese” 188

Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Richard Cory” 189

Muriel Rukeyser, “The Lost Romans” 190

Cathy Song, “Lost Sister” 191

Gary Soto, “Mexicans Begin Jogging” 193

Wallace Stevens, “Disillusionment at Ten O’Clock” 194

Alma Luz Villanueva, “Crazy Courage” 195

Walt Whitman, “I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak

Growing” 196

Drama 198

Los Vendidos 198

Nonfiction 208

Sherman Alexie, “Superman and Me” 208

John Hope Franklin, “The Train from Hate” 211

Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 212

Plato, from Crito 225

Richard Rodriguez, “The Chinese in All of Us” 230

Fred Setterberg, “The Usual Story” 236

Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 238

Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience” 245

Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 260

Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 261

Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 262

Making Connections 263

 

6 Nature and Place 265

Fiction 269

Rick Bass, “Antlers” 269

James Fenimore Cooper, “The Slaughter of the Pigeons,” 277

Pam Houston, “A Blizzard under Blue Sky” 283

Ursula K. Le Guin, “May’s Lion” 288

Jack London, “To Build a Fire” 294

Leslie Marmon Silko, “The Man to Send Rain Clouds” 305

Eudora Welty, “A Worn Path” 309

Virginia Woolf, “Kew Gardens” 316

Poetry 321

Lucille Clifton, “For deLawd” 321

James Dickey, “Deer among Cattle” 323

Carolyn Forché, “Dulcimer Maker” 323

Robert Frost, “A Young Birch” 324

Linda Hogan, “Heartland” 325

Galway Kinnell, “Saint Francis and the Sow” 326

Denise Levertov, “The Victors” 327

Rainer Maria Rilke, “The Panther” 328

Theodore Roethke, “Meditation at Oyster River” 329

Pattiann Rogers, “Rolling Naked in the Morning Dew” 331

Carl Sandburg, “Chicago” 333

Anne Sexton, “The Fury of Flowers and Worms” 335

Gary Snyder, “The Call of the Wild” 336

William Stafford, “Traveling through the Dark” 338

Walt Whitman, “from Song of Myself ” 339

Walt Whitman, “from Song of Myself ” 340

William Wordsworth, “To My Sister” 341

James Wright, “A Blessing” 342

Nonfiction 344

Edward Abbey, “Eco-Defense” 344

Rachel Carson, “The Obligation to Endure” 346

Annie Dillard, “fromThe Present,” in Pilgrim at Tinker

Creek 351

Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Nature 353

Jane Goodall, “A Plea for the Chimpanzees” 358

Aldous Huxley, “Time and the Machine,” 364

Verlyn Klinkenborg, “At the Edge of the Visible” 366

Aldo Leopold, “Thinking Like a Mountain” 367

N. Scott Momaday, from The Way to Rainy Mountain 370

Janisse Ray, “Forest Beloved,” from Ecology of a Cracker Childhood 375

Henry David Thoreau, “Solitude,” 378

Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 384

Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 386

Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 387

Making Connections 388

 

7 Family and Identity 390

Fiction 394

Kate Chopin, “The Storm” 394

Lydia Davis, “Break It Down” 398

Ernest Hemingway, “Hills Like White Elephants” 403

Fae Myenne Ng, “A Red Sweater” 407

Grace Paley, “A Conversation with My Father” 414

John Updike, “Separating” 418

Alice Walker, “Everyday Use” 426

Poetry 434

Anne Bradstreet, “To My Dear and Loving Husband” 434

Gwendolyn Brooks, “The Mother” 435

Gwendolyn Brooks, “Ulysses” 437

Michael Cleary, “Boss’s Son” 438

Gregory Corso, “Marriage” 440

Nikki Giovanni, “Mothers” 443

Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Maid” 445

Seamus Heaney, “Digging” 446

Peter Meinke, “Advice to My Son” 447

Naomi Shihab Nye, “Arabic Coffee” 448

Sharon Olds, “I Go Back to May, 1937” 449

Mary Oliver, “The Black Walnut Tree” 451

Dudley Randall, “Ballad of Birmingham” 452

Adrienne Rich, “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” 453

Adrienne Rich, “Delta” 454

Anne Sexton, “Cinderella” 454

Gary Snyder, “Not Leaving the House” 457

Mark Strand, “The Continuous Life” 458

Margaret Walker, “Lineage” 460

Richard Wilbur, “The Writer” 461

Drama 463

Harvey Fierstein, On Tidy Endings 463

Nonfiction 481

Sullivan Ballou, “Major Sullivan Ballou’s Last Letter to His Wife” 481

Robin D. G. Kelley, “The People in Me” 483

Peter D. Kramer, “Divorce and Our National Values” 486

Pauli Murray, “The Inheritance of Values” 489

Scott Russell Sanders, “The Men We Carry in Our Minds” 493

Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 498

Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 500

Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 501

Making Connections 502

 

8 Power and Responsibility 503

Fiction 507

Toni Cade Bambara, “The Lesson” 507

Raymond Carver, “Cathedral” 513

Nadine Gordimer, “Terminal” 524

Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Birth-Mark” 527

Tim O’Brien, “The Things They Carried” 539

Brady Udall, “He Becomes Deeply and Famously Drunk” 552

Ed Vega, “Spanish Roulette” 570

Poetry 579

Gwendolyn Brooks, “The Boy Died in My Alley” 579

Martín Espada, “Bully” 580

Carolyn Forché, “The Colonel” 581

Robert Frost, “Mending Wall” 583

Langston Hughes, “Democracy” 584

Langston Hughes, “Theme for English B” 585

Claude McKay, “America” 587

James Merrill, “Casual Wear” 588

Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Apostrophe to Man” 588

John Milton, “When I Consider How My Light Is Spent” 589

Naomi Shihab Nye, “Famous” 590

Sharon Olds, “The Promise” 591

Linda Pastan, “Ethics” 592

Public Enemy, “Fight the Power” 593

Walt Whitman, “Beat! Beat! Drums!” 595

Nonfiction 597

Francis Bacon, “Of Revenge” 597

Cochise, “[I am alone]” 598

John Crawford, “Lies” from “The Last True Story I’ll Ever Tell” 600

Alex Epstein and Yaron Brook, “The Evil of Animal ‘Rights’” 604

Allan Gurganus, “Captive Audience” 605

John F. Kennedy, “Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961” 609

Abraham Lincoln,“Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865” 611

George Orwell, “A Hanging” 613

Katherine Anne Porter, “To Dr.William Ross” 617

Tom Regan, “Religion and Animal Rights” 619

Frank Schaeffer and John Schaeffer, “My Son the Marine?” from

Keeping Faith: A Father Son Story about Love and the U.S. Marine

Corps 629

Suzanne Winckler, “A Savage Life” 632

Richard Wright, from Black Boy 634

Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 639

Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 641

Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 642

Making Connections 643

 

Glossary 645

Authors’ Biographical Notes 651

Text Credits 000

Author/Title Index 000

Subject Index 000