The Regulatory and Administrative State Materials, Cases, Comments

, by Heinzerling, Lisa; Tushnet, Mark V.

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ISBN: 9780195189315 | 0195189310
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/6/2006

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The casebook introduces students to the reasons for regulation, the ways in which regulation can go awry, the choice of legal institutions, the choice of regulatory instruments, and the art of statutory interpretation. The book uses several substantive subject areas as recurring themes, all involving the regulation of risk. The primary market for this casebook are law students taking a course on the Regulatory State; a secondary market may be found in schools of public policy.

Part I Justifying Regulation When Parties Contract

(108)

Legal Responses to the Problem of Allocating Risk

(34)

Background; Risk in the Modern United States

(10)

Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (2000)

(4)

Robert V. Percival

``A Trench Caves In; a Young Worker Is Dead. Is It a Crime?'' New York Times, Dec. 21, 2003

(6)

David Barstow

The Traditional Framework at Common Law

(7)

Farwell v. The Boston and Worcester Rail Road Corporation, 45 Mass. 49 (1842)

(5)

Comments and Questions

(2)

The Traditional Framework in Constitutional Law

(17)

Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)

(14)

Comments and Questions

(3)

An Economic Perspective

(16)

The Supreme Court, 1983 Term---Foreword: The Court and the Economic System, 98 Harv. L. Rev. 4 (1984)

(4)

Frank Easterbrook

Comments and Questions

(1)

Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)

(3)

W. Kip Viscusi

Comments and Questions

(2)

Hazard Pay for Workers: Risk and Reward, 23 Env't 62 (1981)

(4)

Julie Graham

Don Shakow

Regulating Safety: A Political and Economic Analysis of OSHA (1979)

(1)

John M. Mendeloff

Comments and Questions

(1)

Alternative Perspectives

(56)

Market-Inalienability

(10)

Market Inalienability, 100 Harv. L. Rev. 1849 (1987)

(8)

Margaret Jane Radin

Comments and Questions

(1)

Unequal Bargaining Power

(46)

Responses to Occupational Disease: The Role of Markets, Regulation, and Information, 72 Geo. L.J. 1231 (1984)

(2)

Elinor P. Schroeder

Sidney A. Shapiro

Coercion, Contract, and Free Labor in the Nineteenth Century (2001)

(3)

Robert J. Steinfeld

Comments and Questions

(1)

Progressive Law and Economics and the New Administrative Law, 98 Yale L.J. 341 (1988)

(1)

Susan Rose-Ackerman

Comments and Questions

(1)

Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with Special Reference to Compulsory Terms and Unequal Bargaining Power, 41 Md. L. Rev. 563 (1982)

(27)

Duncan Kennedy

Comments and Questions

(3)

Paternalism and Public Policy, 15 Econ. & Phil. 63 (1999)

101

(3)

Bill New

Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)

104

(2)

W. Kip Vicusi

Comments and Questions

106

(3)

Part II Doctrinal and Institutional Limits of the Common Law

109

(208)

Doctrinal Limits

111

(94)

Criminal Law: The Role of Mens Rea

111

(89)

Murder and Cost-Benefit Analysis

111

(2)

Comments and Questions

113

(1)

Indictment of Ford Motor Company

114

(1)

Comments and Questions

115

(2)

Deliberate Indifference?

117

(1)

The People of the State of Illinois v. O'Neil, 194 Ill. App. 3d 79 (1990)

117

(7)

Comments and Questions

124

(1)

Battery and ``Force''

124

(2)

Appropriateness of Common Law Crimes to Address Corporate Risk Creation

126

(1)

Criminal Liability under Regulatory Statutes

127

(1)

Tort: Recovery for (Pure?) Risk and Fear

128

(1)

Recovery for Mere Exposure to Risk and Reduction in Life Expectancy

129

(1)

Ayers v. Township of Jackson, 106 N.J. 557 (1987)

129

(18)

DePass v. United States of America, 721 F.2d 203 (7th Cir. 1983)

147

(7)

Comments and Questions

154

(1)

Recovery for Fear Resulting from Mere Exposure to Risk

155

(1)

Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company v. Buckley, 521 U.S. 424 (1997)

156

(9)

Comments and Questions

165

(1)

Placing a Value on Exposure to Risk

166

(1)

Sterling v. Velsicol Chemical Corporation, 855 F.2d 1188 (6th Cir. 1987)

166

(5)

Comments and Questions

171

(1)

Perception of Risk, 236 Science 280 (1987)

171

(10)

Paul Slovic

Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics, and Science: Surveying the Risk Assessment Battlefield, 1997 U. Chi. Legal F. 59

181

(8)

Paul Slovic

Optimistic Biases about Personal Risks, 246 Science 1232 (1989)

189

(1)

Neil D. Weinstein

Comments and Questions

190

(2)

Courts and Legislatures as Policy-Making Institutions: An Introduction

192

(1)

The Forms and Limits of Adjudication, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 353 (1978)

192

(7)

Lon L. Fuller

Comments and Questions

199

(1)

An Introduction to Problems of Professional Ethics

200

(5)

``A Fine Kettle of Fish (and Arsenic?),'' American Lawyer, March 1993, Supplement: In-House Ethics

201

(2)

Stephen Gillers

Comments and Questions

203

(2)

Institutional Strengths and Limits

205

(70)

Two General Accounts of Institutional Differences

205

(26)

Risk, Courts, and Agencies, 138 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1027 (1990)

205

(14)

Clayton Gillette

James Krier

Comments and Questions

219

(2)

Injuries and Institutions: Tort Reform, Tort Theory, and Beyond, 65 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 23 (1990)

221

(10)

Neil K. Komesar

Comments and Questions

231

(1)

The Sociology of Claiming Legal Rights

231

(14)

The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming . . ., 15 Law & Soc'y Rev. 531 (1980--81)

231

(8)

William L. F. Felstiner

Richard Abel

Austin Sarat

Comments and Questions

239

(6)

How Real-World Problems Become Social and Legal Problems

245

(30)

``The Street of Walking Death'': Silicosis, Health, and Labor in the Tri-State Region, 1900--1950, 77 J. Am. His. 525 (1990)

245

(12)

Gerald Markowitz

David Rosner

Comments and Questions

257

(1)

Silent Spring (1962)

258

(5)

Rachel L. Carson

Comments and Questions

263

(1)

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992)

264

(9)

Comments and Questions

273

(2)

Linking Common Law and Statutes: The Case of Workers' Compensation

275

(42)

Workers' Compensation Laws

275

(20)

Social Change and the Law of Industrial Accidents, 67 Colum. L. Rev. 50 (1967)

276

(7)

Lawrence M. Friedman

Jack Ladinsky

Comments and Questions

283

(1)

Ives v. South Buffalo Railway Co., 201 N.Y. 271 (1911)

284

(2)

Comments and Questions

286

(1)

New York Central Railroad Co. v. White, 243 U.S. 188 (1916)

287

(7)

Comments and Questions

294

(1)

Moral Hazard

295

(11)

``As Cars Get Safer, Drivers Take Risks,'' New York Times, April 10, 1994

296

(1)

Robert S. Chirinko

An Introduction to Law and Economics (2003)

297

(1)

A. Mitchell Polinsky

Comments and Questions

298

(1)

Compensation Mechanisms for Job Risks: Wages, Workers' Compensation, and Product Liability (1990)

298

(1)

Michael J. Moore

W. Kip Viscusi

Markets and Mortality: Economics, Dangerous Work, and the Value of Human Life (1996)

299

(1)

Peter Dorman

``The Moral-Hazard Myth: The Bad Idea behind Our Failed Health-Care System,'' The New Yorker, Aug. 29, 2005

300

(3)

Malcolm Gladwell

Comments and Questions

303

(1)

U.S. Department of Labor, Interim Report to Congress on Occupational Diseases (1980)

304

(1)

Comments and Questions

305

(1)

Modern Workers' Compensation Systems

306

(11)

Crisis in the Workplace: Occupational Disease and Injury (1976)

306

(2)

Nicholas Ashford

Responses to Occupational Disease: The Role of Markets, Regulation, and Information, 72 Geo. L.J. 1231 (1984)

308

(1)

Elinor P. Schroeder

Sidney A. Shapiro

Comments and Questions

309

(3)

Promoting Workplace Safety and Health in the Post-Regulatory Era: A Primer on Non-OSHA Legal Incentives That Influence Employer Decisions to Control Occupational Hazards, 17 N. Ky. L. Rev. 9 (1989)

312

(3)

William J. Maakestad

Charles Helm

Comments and Questions

315

(2)

Part III The Modern Regulatory State

317

(434)

Statutory Interpretation: The Basic Issues

319

(96)

Statutory Interpretation: Theory

319

(31)

Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules or Canons about How Statutes Are to Be Construed, 3 Vand. L. Rev. 395 (1950)

319

(8)

Karl Llewellyn

Comments and Questions

327

(1)

Statutes' Domains, 50 U. Chi. L. Rev. 533 (1983)

328

(9)

Frank H. Easterbrook

Comments and Questions

337

(2)

On the Uses of Legislative History in Interpreting Statutes, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 845 (1992)

339

(10)

Stephen Breyer

Comments and Questions

349

(1)

Cases

350

(28)

Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1892)

351

(4)

Comments and Questions

355

(1)

United States of America v. Marshall, 908 F.2d 1312 (7th Cir., 1990)

356

(10)

Comments and Questions

366

(1)

Chisom v. Roemer, 501 U.S. 380 (1991)

367

(2)

Comments and Questions

369

(1)

Chickasaw Nation v. United States, 534 U.S. 84 (2001)

369

(8)

Comments and Questions

377

(1)

Statutory Interpretation by Administrative Agencies

378

(37)

Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)

379

(7)

Comments and Questions

386

(2)

Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (2000)

388

(24)

Comments and Questions

412

(1)

Concluding Note

413

(2)

From Statutes to Rules

415

(46)

The Development of Administrative Law

415

(23)

The Reformation of American Administrative Law, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 1669 (1975)

416

(6)

Richard Stewart

Comments and Questions

422

(3)

Rule Making under the Administrative Procedure Act

425

(2)

Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 435 U.S. 519 (1978)

427

(7)

Comments and Questions

434

(2)

``Flooded with Comments, Officials Plug Their Ears,'' New York Times, Nov. 17, 2002

436

(2)

Katherine Q. Seelye

Judicial Review of Agency Rules on the Merits: The ``Arbitrary and Capricious'' Standard

438

(23)

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assoc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 463 U.S. 29 (1983)

438

(11)

Comments and Questions

449

(1)

Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 462 U.S. 87 (1983)

450

(7)

Comments and Questions

457

(4)

Assessing Regulation

461

(86)

How Regulation Can Fail: Theory

461

(22)

The Dilemma of Toxic Substance Regulation (1988)

461

(8)

John Mendeloff

Comments and Questions

469

(1)

Paradoxes of the Regulatory State, 57 U. Chi. L. Rev. 407 (1990)

470

(8)

Cass R. Sunstein

Comments and Questions

478

(1)

``Richer Is Safer,'' 60 The Public Interest 23 (1980)

479

(2)

Aaron Wildavsky

Comments and Questions

481

(2)

How Regulation Can Fail: Practice

483

(11)

Competitive Enterprise Institute v. National Highway Traffic Safety Admin., 956 F.2d 321 (D.C. Cir. 1992)

483

(5)

Comments and Questions

488

(1)

Consolidated DDT Hearings: Opinion and Order of the Administrator, 37 Fed. Reg. 13369 (1972)

489

(4)

William D. Ruckelshaus

Comments and Questions

493

(1)

What Is Cost-Benefit Analysis?

494

(15)

Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection, 150 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1553 (2002)

494

(2)

Frank Ackerman

Lisa Heinzerling

``Benefit-Cost Analysis: Do the Benefits Exceed the Costs?'' from Risks, Costs, and Lives Saved: Getting Better Results from Regulation (Robert W. Hahn ed., 1996)

496

(1)

Lester B. Lave

Crisis in the Workplace (1976)

497

(1)

Nicholas Ashford

Comments and Questions

498

(1)

Fatal Tradeoffs (1992)

499

(5)

W. Kip Viscusi

Comments and Questions

504

(5)

The Case for, and against, Cost-Benefit Analysis

509

(38)

American Trucking Associations v. Whitman, 1999 U.S. Briefs 1426

509

(2)

``A Review of the Record,'' Regulation, Nov.--Dec. 1986

511

(6)

John F. Morrall III

Comments and Questions

517

(1)

Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection, 150 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1553 (2002)

518

(14)

Frank Ackerman

Lisa Heinzerling

Comments and Questions

532

(1)

Reinventing the Regulatory State, 62 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1 (1995)

533

(8)

Richard H. Pildes

Cass R. Sunstein

Comments and Questions

541

(1)

Corrosion Proof Fittings v. EPA, 947 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1991)

541

(3)

Comments and Questions

544

(3)

Information Provision

547

(66)

General Considerations

548

(9)

Regulation and Its Reform (1982)

548

(1)

Stephen Breyer

Progressive Law and Economics and the New Administrative Law, 98 Yale L.J. 341 (1988)

549

(2)

Susan Rose-Ackerman

``OSHA after a Decade: A Time for Reason,'' from Case Studies in Regulation: Revolution and Reform (Leonard W. Weiss & Michael W. Klass eds., 1981)

551

(1)

Albert Nichols

Richard Zeckhauser

Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)

551

(6)

W. Kip Viscusi

Comments and Questions

557

(1)

Generating Information Collectively

557

(9)

Markets and Mortality: Economics, Dangerous Work, and the Value of Human Life (1996)

557

(3)

Peter Dorman

Comments and Questions

560

(1)

Informing America: Risk, Disclosure, and the First Amendment, 20 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 653 (1993)

561

(5)

Cass R. Sunstein

Comments and Questions

566

(1)

California's Proposition 65: A Case Study in Information Provision

566

(6)

Nicolle-Wagner v. Deukmejian, 230 Cal. App. 3d 652 (1991)

567

(3)

Comments and Questions

570

(2)

Understanding Information: What Psychologists Might Tell Us

572

(26)

Taking Behavioralism Seriously: The Problem of Market Manipulation, 74 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 630 (1999)

572

(23)

Jon D. Hanson

Douglas A. Kysar

Comments and Questions

595

(3)

The First Amendment and Information-Based Regulation

598

(15)

International Dairy Foods Association v. Amestoy, 92 F.3d 67 (2nd Cir. 1996)

599

(10)

Comments and Questions

609

(2)

Concluding Note

611

(2)

Standard Setting---Feasibility, Health, Technology, and Trading

613

(52)

Zero or De Minimis Risk

613

(5)

Les v. Reilly, 968 F.2d 985 (9th Cir. 1992)

613

(5)

Comments and Questions

618

(1)

Significant Risk and Feasibility

618

(20)

Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO v. American Petroleum Institute (the Benzene Case), 448 U.S. 607 (1980)

618

(15)

Comments and Questions

633

(5)

Public Health Standards

638

(11)

Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001)

638

(4)

Comments and Questions

642

(2)

American Lung Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, 134 F.3d 388 (D.C. Cir. 1998)

644

(5)

Comments and Questions

649

(1)

Implementing Standards: Technology and Market-Based Systems

649

(16)

Reforming Environmental Law, 37 Stan. L. Rev. 1333 (1985)

650

(12)

Bruce A. Ackerman

Richard B. Stewart

Comments and Questions

662

(3)

The Nondelegation Problem

665

(18)

American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency, 175 F.3d 1027 (D.C. Cir. 1999)

667

(6)

Comments and Questions

673

(1)

Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001)

674

(2)

Comments and Questions

676

(1)

Geo-Tech Reclamation Industries, Inc. v. Hamrick, 886 F.2d 662 (4th Cir. 1989)

677

(4)

Comments and Questions

681

(2)

Political Approaches to Choices among Regulatory Institutions

683

(68)

The Politics of Institutional Choice

683

(40)

Beyond Public Choice and Public Interest: A Study of the Legislative Process as Illustrated by Tax Legislation in the 1980s, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (1990)

684

(9)

Daniel Shaviro

Comments and Questions

693

(3)

Cases and Materials on Legislation: Statutes and the Creation of Public Policy (1988)

696

(3)

William N. Eskridge, Jr.

Philip P. Frickey

Comments and Questions

699

(1)

Congress: The Electoral Connection (1975)

700

(3)

David Mayhew

Congress---Keystone of the Washington Establishment (1977)

703

(2)

Morris P. Fiorina

Comments and Questions

705

(1)

Beyond Public Choice and Public Interest: A Study of the Legislative Process as Illustrated by Tax Legislation in the 1980s, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (1990)

706

(10)

Daniel Shaviro

Self-Interest in Political Life, 18 Political Theory 132 (1990)

716

(6)

Jane Mansbridge

Comments and Questions

722

(1)

Applying the Analysis: Setting Regulatory Priorities

723

(28)

Industrial Resistance to Occupational Safety and Health Legislation: 1971--1981, 53 Social Problems 103 (1984)

723

(12)

Andrew Szasz

Comments and Questions

735

(1)

Overcoming Barriers to Better Regulation, 18 Law & Social Inquiry 711 (1993)

736

(5)

John Mendeloff

Comments and Questions

741

(1)

Memo from John D. Graham to Agency Heads (Sept. 2001)

742

(2)

Comments and Questions

744

(1)

Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821 (1985)

745

(3)

Comments and Questions

748

(1)

Concluding Note

749

(2)

Part IV The Regulatory and Administrative State in the Twenty-First Century: New Perspectives

751

(72)

Comparative Approaches

753

(40)

Great Britain

753

(5)

National Styles of Regulation: Environmental Policy in Great Britain and the United States (1986)

753

(3)

David Vogel

Comments and Questions

756

(2)

Japan

758

(16)

``Courts and Law in Japan,'' from Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective (Herbert Jacob et al. eds., 1996)

758

(6)

Joseph Sanders

Comments and Questions

764

(2)

Psychological Barriers to Litigation Settlement: An Experimental Approach, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 107 (1994)

766

(1)

Russell Korobkin

Chris Guthrie

Apology Subverted: The Commodification of Apology, 109 Yale L.J. 1135 (2000)

767

(2)

Lee Taft

``Does Law Mean Never Having to Say You're Sorry?'' 85 A.B.A. Journal 64 (Dec. 1999)

769

(4)

Steven Keeva

Comments and Questions

773

(1)

Adversarial Legalism

774

(19)

Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law (2001)

774

(16)

Robert A. Kagan

Comments and Questions

790

(3)

Proposals for Reform

793

(30)

Madison's Nightmare, 57 U. Chi. L. Rev. 335 (1990)

794

(3)

Richard B. Stewart

Comments and Questions

797

(1)

Reflexive Environmental Law, 89 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1227 (1995)

798

(6)

Eric W. Orts

Comments and Questions

804

(1)

Interlocking Regulatory and Industrial Relations: The Governance of Workplace Safety, 57 Admin. L. Rev. 1071 (2005)

804

(6)

Orly Lobel

Comments and Questions

810

(1)

Collaborative Governance in the Administrative State, 45 UCLA L. Rev. 1 (1997)

811

(4)

Jody Freeman

Administrative Democracy, 40 U. Toronto L.J. 559 (1990)

815

(7)

Jerry Frug

Comments and Questions

822

(1)

Table of Cases

823

(6)

Index

829

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The Regulatory and Administrative State Materials, Cases, Comments

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