The Revolutionary Kant A Commentary on the

There is a major division in the interpretation of Kant, between traditionalists and revolutionaries. Traditionalists tend to assimilate Kant to predecessors such as Leibniz, Hume, or Berkeley. Revolutionaries take more seriously Kant's vehement repudiation of all the earlier empiricist, rationalist, realist, idealist, skeptical, and dogmatic doctrines.

Graham Bird is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manchester and Honorary Professor of the University of Wales

Preface

xi

Introduction

1

(18)

Contemporary Commentators

8

(2)

A Cartesian Idealist Framework

10

(3)

Aims and Methods

13

(6)

PART I THE PRELIMINARY APPARATUS: PREFACES AND INTRODUCTION

19

(78)

Introduction to the Preliminary Apparatus

21

(4)

The Two Prefaces

25

(24)

The A Preface: Three Interrelated Themes

26

(3)

The B Preface

29

(5)

Comments on the Two Prefaces

34

(12)

Explicit Changes in the Two Editions

46

(3)

The Introduction

49

(14)

The Central Claims

49

(4)

Comments on Kant's Analytic Apparatus

53

(10)

Synthetic A Priori Judgments

63

(20)

A Posteriori/A Priori

64

(5)

The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction

69

(2)

Synthetic A Priori Truth

71

(6)

Kant and Kripke

77

(6)

The Transcendental/Empirical Distinction

83

(14)

Transcendent and Transcendental

88

(1)

Empirical and A Posteriori

89

(3)

Kant and Carnap

92

(5)

PART II THE AESTHETIC

97

(124)

Introduction to the Aesthetic

99

(4)

The Transcendental Aesthetic

103

(14)

Introduction: Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions

105

(4)

Conclusions from the Expositions: General Observations

109

(8)

Space, Time, and Perception

117

(20)

The Perceptual Vocabulary

117

(9)

The ``Blindness'' Problem

126

(4)

The Nature of Kant's Project: Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Psychology

130

(7)

Space and Time in Experience and in Mathematics: The Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions

137

(28)

The Metaphysical Expositions

137

(13)

The Transcendental Expositions: Space, Time, and Mathematics

150

(6)

What Do the Arguments in the Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions Achieve?

156

(9)

Kant's Theory of the Sensory Contribution to Experience

165

(28)

Kant's Immediate Conclusions

165

(13)

Kant's Initial Comments and Provisos in the General Observations

178

(7)

Concluding Summary

185

(8)

Two Residual Issues from the Aesthetic: Sellars's and McDowell's ``Myth of the Given''; Prolegomena §13

193

(28)

Myths of the Given

193

(14)

Prolegomena §13

207

(14)

PART III THE ANALYTIC OF CONCEPTS

221

(166)

Introduction to the Analytic of Concepts

223

(6)

Kant and Skepticism

229

(26)

Skepticism and Skeptical Method

230

(4)

Kant's View of Skepticism and Common Sense

234

(5)

Transcendental Arguments and Skepticism

239

(9)

Kant's Positive Response to Skepticism

248

(7)

The Transcendental Analytic and Metaphysical Deduction

255

(22)

Two Preliminary Comments

255

(8)

The Metaphysical Deduction

263

(7)

Some Criticisms and a Concluding Summary

270

(7)

The Transcendental Deduction (1)

277

(30)

Two Preliminary Sections: §13 and §14

278

(4)

The First Edition Transcendental Deduction

282

(13)

The B Transcendental Deduction

295

(12)

The Transcendental Deduction (2): Three Procedural Issues

307

(24)

The Two Steps of the B Deduction

307

(6)

The Distinction between a ``Subjective'' and ``Objective'' Deduction, and the Appeal to Psychology

313

(7)

Modest and Ambitious Accounts of the Transcendental Deduction: A Preliminary Survey

320

(11)

The Transcendental Deduction (3): Conceptual Unity

331

(34)

The Textual Case in the Deduction

331

(17)

Reality and Objectivity in the Transcendental Deduction

348

(17)

The Transcendental Deduction (4): Personal Unity

365

(22)

Comparison with the Cartesian Cogito

366

(3)

Consciousness, Self-consciousness, Unity, Identity

369

(9)

The Epistemology and Metaphysics of the Self

378

(9)

PART IV THE ANALYTIC OF PRINCIPLES

387

(200)

Introduction to the Analytic of Principles

389

(4)

The Analytic of Principles

393

(24)

Preliminaries

395

(7)

The Principles and their Proofs

402

(7)

Implications

409

(4)

Parities and Disparities between Inner and Outer Sense and Their Objects

413

(4)

The Mathematical Principles

417

(28)

Axioms of Intuition

418

(11)

Anticipations of Perception

429

(7)

The Mathematical Principles and Mathematics

436

(9)

The Three Analogies of Experience

445

(34)

The First Analogy

445

(10)

The Second Analogy

455

(17)

The Third Analogy

472

(7)

What Do the Analogies Achieve?

479

(22)

Ambiguities in Kant's Conclusions and Arguments

481

(9)

The Positive Argument

490

(11)

The Postulates and Refutation of Idealism

501

(22)

The Postulates of Empirical Thought

502

(3)

The Refutation of Idealism

505

(18)

Concluding Sections of the Analytic of Principles

523

(30)

On the Distinction between Phenomena and Noumena

525

(14)

The Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection

539

(14)

The Wider Theoretical Context of Kant's Appeal to Things in Themselves

553

(34)

Adickes's General Position

555

(1)

Approaching the Textual Evidence

556

(20)

Concluding Summary

576

(4)

A Note on Karl Ameriks

580

(7)

PART V THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC AND THE DOCTRINE OF METHOD

587

(186)

Introduction to the Transcendental Dialectic and the Doctrine of Method

589

(4)

The Apparatus and Philosophical Therapy of the Dialectic

593

(32)

The Vocabulary and Structure of the Dialectic

594

(15)

Wittgenstein's and Kant's Philosophical Therapies

609

(9)

Therapeutic Anti Platonism and Quietism

618

(7)

The Paralogisms

625

(36)

The Arguments in the Paralogisms A and B

627

(17)

Questions and Criticisms

644

(10)

Immunity to Error through Misidentification

654

(7)

The Mathematical Antinomies

661

(28)

The Architectonic Structure

662

(2)

The Formal Proofs

664

(6)

The Cosmological Issues

670

(10)

Implications for Transcendental Idealism

680

(9)

The Third Antinomy: Freedom of the Will

689

(30)

The Conflict in the Third Antinomy between Freedom and Cause

690

(8)

Kant's Resolution of the Antinomy

698

(14)

Persons, Morality, and Transcendental Idealism

712

(7)

The Fourth Antinomy, Ideal, and Appendix to the Dialectic

719

(20)

Arguments about the Supreme Being

721

(6)

Summary of the Dialectical Therapy: The Appendix and the Constitutive/Regulative Distinction

727

(12)

The Doctrine of Method

739

(18)

The Concluding Account of Philosophy

741

(3)

The Ideas of System, Holism, and Nonanalytic Conceptual Dependence

744

(8)

The Idea of a Metaphysical Grund for Experience

752

(5)

A Concluding Summary of Transcendental Idealism

757

(16)

What is Transcendental Idealism?

758

(9)

What are Kant's Real Merits?

767

(6)

Notes

773

(84)

Bibliography

857

(12)

Index

869

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The Revolutionary Kant A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason

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