Rf / Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications

ULRICH L. ROHDE, PhD, Dr.-ing habil., is Chairman of Synergy Microwave Corporation; a partner of Rohde & Schwarz; and Professor of Microwave and RF Technology at the Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Germany. He is a Fellow of the IEEE.

MATTHIAS RUDOLPH, PhD, Dr.-ing, is the Ulrich L. Rohde Professor for RF and Microwave Techniques at Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Germany. He worked previously at the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik (FBH) in charge of GaAs semiconductor nonlinearity and noise modeling.

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

1 Introduction to Wireless Circuit Design 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 System Functions 3

1.3 The Radio Channel and Modulation Requirements 5

1.4 About Bits, Symbols, and Waveforms 29

1.5 Analysis of Wireless Systems 50

1.6 Building Blocks 78

1.7 System Specifications and Their Relationship to Circuit Design 79

1.8 Testing 108

1.9 Converting C/N or SNR to EB/N0 123

2 Models for Active Devices 127

2.1 Diodes 128

2.2 Bipolar Transistors 203

2.3 Field-Effect Transistors 239

2.4 Large-Signal Behavior of JFETs 248

2.5 Parameter Extraction of Active Devices 324

3 Amplifier Design with BJTs and FETs 359

3.1 Properties of Amplifiers 359

3.2 Amplifier Gain, Stability, and Matching 423

3.3 Single-Stage Feedback Amplifiers 484

3.4 Two-Stage Amplifiers 490

3.5 Amplifiers with Three or More Stages 499

3.6 A Novel Approach to Voltage-Controlled Tuned Filters Including CAD Validation 505

3.7 Differential Amplifiers 514

3.8 Frequency Doublers 518

3.9 Multistage Amplifiers with Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 524

3.10 Biasing 524

3.11 Push–Pull/Parallel Amplifiers 539

3.12 Power Amplifiers 542

4 Mixer Design 637

4.1 Introduction 637

4.2 Properties of Mixers 640

4.3 Diode Mixers 654

4.4 Transistor Mixers 685

5 RF/Wireless Oscillators 727

5.1 Introduction of Frequency Control 727

5.2 Background 727

5.3 Oscillator Design 728

5.4 Oscillator Circuits 744

5.5 Design of RF Oscillators 746

5.6 Noise in Oscillators 781

5.7 Oscillators in Practice 803

5.8 Phase-Noise Improvements of Integrated RF and Millimeterwave Oscillators 814

6 Wireless Synthesizers 831

6.1 Introduction 831

6.2 Phase-Locked Loops 831

6.3 How to Do a Practical PLL Design Using CAD 859

6.4 Fractional-N-Division PLL Synthesis 864

6.5 Direct Digital Synthesis 871

References 879

Interesting Patents 880

Further Reading 881

Index 883

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