RFID Design Principles

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ISBN: 9781596931947 | 1596931949
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/31/2007

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This cutting-edge book serves as a comprehensive introduction to RFID, offering you a detailed understanding of design essentials and applications, and providing a thorough overview of management issues.

Introduction	p. 1
Comparison of Short-Range Communications Systems	p. 3
Radio-Frequency Spectrum and Propagation	p. 3
Radio-Frequency Propagation and Interference	p. 3
Basic Antenna Parameters	p. 7
Theory of Electromagnetism and Maxwell's Equations	p. 14
Range of a Radio Communications System	p. 16
Overview of Short-Range Communications Systems	p. 18
Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Systems	p. 20
Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems	p. 20
Wireless LANs	p. 21
Basics of WLANs	p. 21
WLAN Components	p. 22
Wireless Personal Area Network	p. 23
Bluetooth	p. 24
ZigBee	p. 27
Wireless Body Area Networks	p. 28
About WBANs	p. 28
Inductive Coupling Theory	p. 30
Medical Implant Communication Service and Wireless Medical Telemetry Service Bands	p. 36
Wireless Body Implant Networks	p. 40
Passive Wearable Electrostatic Tags	p. 41
Ultrawideband (UWB) Technology	p. 42
About UWB	p. 42
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	p. 46
Review Questions and Problems	p. 47
References	p. 49
Automatic Identification Systems	p. 51
Barcodes	p. 51
Card Technologies	p. 52
Magnetic Cards	p. 52
Smart Cards	p. 53
Optical Cards	p. 54
Radio-Frequency Identification	p. 54
RFID Historical Background	p. 54
RFID System Overview	p. 55
Principles of RFID Operation	p. 59
The Electronic Product Code System	p. 65
UWB and RFID	p. 67
RFID and Biometrics	p. 67
Challenges of RFID Implementation	p. 69
Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 72
About Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 72
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks	p. 73
Sensor Network Design Considerations	p. 75
The Future of RFID Sensing	p. 78
RFID Applications	p. 79
Supply Chain Logistics	p. 80
Product Authentication	p. 81
Agriculture and Animals	p. 83
Intelligent Transportation Systems	p. 84
Document Management	p. 86
Pharmaceutical and Health Care Industry	p. 87
Indoor Localization for First Responders	p. 89
Passive Keyless Entry	p. 90
Military Applications	p. 91
Other RFID Applications	p. 93
Review Questions and Problems	p. 98
References	p. 100
RFID Standards Development Challenges	p. 103
Regional Regulations and Spectrum Allocations	p. 103
Key Players in RFID Standardization	p. 105
ISO and EPC Approaches	p. 107
RFID Systems and Frequencies	p. 109
Power Emissions Conversion	p. 109
North American and International Frequency Bands	p. 110
RFID Interoperability and Harmonization	p. 112
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using the 13.56-MHz Frequency	p. 115
Operation in the 900-MHz Band	p. 117
Operation in the 2.45- and 5.8-GHz Bands	p. 119
ISO/IEC 18000 RFID Air Interface Standards	p. 121
UHF and EPCglobal Gen 2	p. 124
The EPC Class Structure	p. 124
UHF Gen 2	p. 126
UHF RFID Tag Example	p. 128
Review Questions and Problems	p. 130
References	p. 132
Components of the RFID System	p. 133
Engineering Challenges	p. 133
Near- and Far-Field Propagation	p. 134
Far-Field Propagation and Backscatter Principle	p. 135
Near-Field Propagation Systems	p. 145
Tags	p. 153
Tag Considerations	p. 153
Data Content of RFID Tags	p. 155
Passive Tags	p. 157
Active Tags	p. 161
Active Versus Passive Tags	p. 163
Multiple Tag Operation	p. 163
Overlapping Tags	p. 166
Tag Antennas	p. 167
UHF Tag Circuits	p. 173
Tag Manufacturing Process	p. 176
Readers	p. 178
Principles of Operation	p. 178
Reader Antenna	p. 180
Software-Defined Radios in RFID Systems	p. 181
Data Transfer Between a Tag and a Rader	p. 182
UHF Reader Electronic Circuitry	p. 190
RFID Power Sources	p. 193
Power Harvesting Systems	p. 194
Active Power Sources	p. 196
Review Questions and Problems	p. 198
References	p. 200
RFID System Design Considerations	p. 203
RFID System Key Considerations	p. 203
Configuration Design	p. 203
System Design Checklist	p. 205
Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth	p. 207
Frequency Band Selection	p. 209
Power and Range	p. 210
Link Budget	p. 211
Collision Avoidance	p. 215
Tag Reading Reliability	p. 221
RFID Reader-Tag Communication Channel	p. 222
Data Content and Encoding	p. 223
Modulation	p. 227
Data Encryption	p. 230
Testing and Conformance	p. 233
Test Equipment	p. 233
Frequency- and Bandwidth-Related Measurement	p. 234
Polling and Timing Measurements	p. 235
Collision Management	p. 235
Multivendor Interoperability	p. 236
Test Labs	p. 238
Review Questions and Problems	p. 239
References	p. 242
RFID Sociocultural Implications	p. 245
Market Trends and Usage	p. 245
Price Barriers to Adoption	p. 247
Globalization	p. 248
RFID Security and Privacy Aspects	p. 249
Access to Information	p. 249
Privacy Threats and Protection	p. 250
The Blocker Tag	p. 253
Reader Signal Energy Analysis	p. 253
Protecting the Public	p. 253
Fair Information Practices	p. 255
Health Risks from RFID	p. 256
Ethical and Moral Dilemmas of Technology	p. 258
Other Developments in Auto-ID Systems	p. 259
RuBee	p. 259
Visible Light Tags	p. 260
RFID and Printable Electronics	p. 261
RFID and Mobile Phone Integration	p. 261
Review Questions and Problems	p. 262
References	p. 265
Appendix	p. 267
Glossary of Terms	p. 269
About the Author	p. 279
Index	p. 281
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RFID Design Principles

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