Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997 Their Survival after the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran

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ISBN: 9781845192709 | 1845192702
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/19/2008

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The Mojahedin Khalq Organisation is an Iranian political party that helped Khomeini's religious sect in Iran bring about the Islamic revolution of 1979, after being at the forefront of opposition to the rule of the Shah. However, as the revolution got underway the Mojahedin were sidelined by the religious clerics and were expelled from the political arena. They responded by attacking the dominant polity through democratic means (such as political demonstrations), and later through armed resistance, to become the most significant opposition power base to the current regime of Iran. Since 1997 the Organisation has dissolved and depleted, and now functions at little more than a rhetoric level. This book provides a detailed history of the Organization and its members, and addresses its complex relationship with western and international powers, most specifically the United States, in their endeavours to harness agreement to topple the Islamic Republic of Iran.

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Foreword	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
List of Abbreviations	p. xvii
The Organization - An Inward Look
The Organization's Renewal	p. 3
Development Outside Iran	p. 3
The Mojahedin Outside Iran	p. 4
The Organization's Structure and its Extensions	p. 6
The Inner Structure	p. 9
The Mojahedin's Hierarchical Structure 1965-85	p. 9
The Mojahedin's Hierarchical Structure 1985-9	p. 11
The Mojahedin's Hierarchical Structure from 1989 Onwards	p. 12
The Leadership	p. 13
Massoud Rajavi	p. 13
Maryam Rajavi	p. 15
Ideology	p. 18
The Mojahedin's Ideological Development	p. 18
An Innovative Ideology	p. 21
Applying Mao Tse-Tung's Values within the Mojahedin's Ideology	p. 25
The Mojahedin's Revolutionary Character	p. 28
The Mojahedin's Ideological Content	p. 29
Anti-Imperialistic Propaganda	p. 29
Between State and Religion	p. 29
Losing Support	p. 30
Denying Marxist Motives	p. 30
Preventing the People's Vengefulness against the Republic	p. 31
The Ideological Revolution	p. 32
Structural Changes, Teaching Methods, Indoctrination and Psychological Manipulation	p. 32
Ideological Teaching Methods Within the Organization	p. 33
Indoctrination and Psychological Manipulation	p. 35
The Internal Revolution: From Revolutionary Organization to Worshipping Sect	p. 37
A Note on Information Sources Regarding the Mojahedin	p. 39
The Attitude towards Family and Marriage	p. 40
Training and Goals	p. 41
Martyrdom in the Eyes of the Organization	p. 41
Treatment of Opposition within the Mojahedin	p. 42
Labelling within the Organization	p. 42
Members who Wanted to Quit	p. 43
Secrecy within the Organization	p. 44
The Organization's Future	p. 44
Did Rajavi Turn the Mojahedin into a Cult?	p. 44
The Role of Women	p. 47
The Integration of Women into the Mojahedin's Ideology	p. 47
From Theory to Pragmatism	p. 48
The Velayat-e Faqih and Women	p. 49
The Mojahedin and Family	p. 51
The National Liberation Army of Iran and Iraq
The Mojahedin-Iraqi Relationship	p. 59
Exit from Iran and Relocation in France	p. 59
Iran-France Relations	p. 61
The Gabon Crisis	p. 61
The Mojahedin's Exit from France	p. 62
Iraq's Adoption of the Mojahedin	p. 63
The Mojahedin's Arrival in Iraq	p. 64
The Iraqi Ba'ath Government and the Mojahedin	p. 66
The National Liberation Army of Iran	p. 69
Stages in the Army's Establishment	p. 69
The Army's Goals	p. 70
The Army's Structure	p. 72
The Mojahedin's Intelligence Gathering	p. 74
The Major Headquarters - The Ashraf Camp	p. 75
The Integration of Women into the NLAI	p. 76
Financing and Equipping the NLAI	p. 82
The Islamic Republic's Reactions to the Mojahedin's Presence in Iraq	p. 85
Normalization Attempts	p. 85
Iran's Activities Against the Mojahedin Throughout the Normalization Process	p. 87
The Mojahedin's Attempts to Keep Alive the Diplomatic Flame between Iraq and Iran	p. 91
Iran's Attempts to Defeat the NLAI in the International Arena	p. 93
The National Council of Resistance of Iran
The National Council and its Development	p. 103
Establishment	p. 103
Structure	p. 104
The 25 NCRI Committees and their Chairpersons	p. 107
Working Rules	p. 107
Values and Principles	p. 108
Women and Their Rights	p. 108
Goals and Plans	p. 110
The Constitution and the Temporary Government The Constitution's Ten Sections	p. 113
The Temporary Government - Plans and Missions	p. 114
The First Six Months of the Temporary Government Transition Period	p. 114
Action Plans and Principles against the Islamic Republic	p. 115
Action Plans and Principles after the Establishment of the Temporary Government in Iran	p. 115
Maryam Rajavi's Presidency: Proposed Changes	p. 119
Maryam Rajavi's Manifesto, July 16, 1995	p. 124
The National Council - Its Emblem and Anthem	p. 126
The Struggle for International Recognition	p. 128
The Council's Activities in Europe and the United States	p. 128
Gathering Recognition and Support in the European Diplomatic and Political Arena	p. 133
Back to the American Arena	p. 134
The Mojahedin's Diplomatic and Political Focus on the US Congress	p. 139
Congress's Request to Clarify US Policy Regarding the NCRI and the Mojahedin	p. 147
The American State Department's Report on the NCRI and the Mojahedin	p. 152
Reaction to the State Department's Report	p. 153
The Continuing Struggle for International Recognition	p. 162
The Critical Dialogue	p. 164
The Mojahedin's Struggle to Defend their Image	p. 166
The Continuous Struggle for International Support	p. 169
Conclusions	p. 173
Notes	p. 176
Bibliography	p. 205
Index	p. 229
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Rise and Fall of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997 Their Survival after the Islamic Revolution and Resistance to the Islamic Republic of Iran

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