Roadside Geology of Ohio

The 25 road guides of Roadside Geology of Ohio, complete with 59 maps and figures and 172 photographs, lead you from one corner of the state to the other-from the flat till plains of the west to the hilly eastern Allegheny Plateau, and from the Ohio River

PREFACE

vii

INTRODUCTION TO OHIO'S GEOLOGY

1

(34)

A Geologic Calendar

1

(1)

Plate Tectonics and Ohio's Origins

2

(2)

Ohio's Basement

4

(1)

Paleozoic Time

5

(7)

North American Mountain-Building Events

5

(2)

The Ordovician World

7

(1)

The Silurian World

7

(1)

The Devonian World

8

(1)

The Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian Worlds

9

(2)

The Missing Record

11

(1)

Arches and Sedimentary Basins

11

(1)

The Pleistocene Ice Age

12

(5)

Glacial Erosion and Deposition

14

(2)

Windblown Sediments

16

(1)

Record in the Rocks

17

(2)

Common Ohio Fossils

19

(3)

Rocks as Resources

22

(5)

Sand and Gravel

24

(1)

Ohio's Common Minerals

24

(3)

Other Notable Geologic Features

27

(8)

Groundwater and Karst

27

(2)

Rivers and Streams

29

(1)

Flooding Rivers and Flash Floods

30

(1)

Slides and Slumps

31

(4)

WESTERN OHIO—THE TILL PLAINS

35

(114)

Ordovician Formations

35

(5)

Silurian Formations

40

(5)

Devonian Formations

45

(3)

The Pleistocene Ice Age

48

(2)

The Great Black Swamp

50

(2)

Lima-Indiana Oil and Gas Field

52

(1)

The Stone Industry

53

(1)

ROAD GUIDES

1-70 and U.S. 40: Buckeye Lake—Indiana Line

54

(4)

1-71: Columbus—Cincinnati

58

(5)

1-75: Toledo—Cincinnati

63

(15)

1-80/90 (Ohio Turnpike) and U.S. 20: Toledo—Indiana Line

78

(5)

U.S. 23: Toledo—Chillicothe

83

(16)

U.S. 24: Toledo—Indiana Line

99

(5)

U.S. 30 and U.S. 224: Crestline and Willard—Indiana Line

104

(6)

U.S. 50: Chillicothe—Indiana Line

110

(10)

U.S. 68: Findlay—Aberdeen

120

(16)

U.S. 127: Michigan Line—Cincinnati

136

(7)

Ohio 32: Peebles—Cincinnati

143

(6)

OHIO UPLANDS—THE ALLEGHENY PLATEAU

149

(155)

Devonian and Mississippian Formations

150

(3)

Pennsylvanian Formations

153

(5)

Coal Formation

158

(1)

Permian Formations

158

(2)

Coal Mining

160

(2)

The Clay Industry

162

(1)

The Pleistocene Ice Age

163

(1)

The Teays Drainage

164

(2)

ROAD GUIDES

1-70 and U.S. 40: Bridgeport—Buckeye Lake

166

(19)

1-71: Cleveland—Columbus

185

(13)

1-77: Cleveland—Marietta

198

(19)

1-80 and U.S. 422: Pennsylvania Line—Cleveland

217

(10)

U.S. 23: Chillicothe—Portsmouth

227

(4)

U.S. 30 and U.S. 224/I-76: East Liverpool and the Pennsylvania Line—Crestline and Willard

231

(18)

U.S. 33: Columbus—Pomeroy

249

(24)

U.S. 50: Coolville—Chillicothe

273

(4)

U.S. 250: Sandusky—The Ohio River

277

(8)

Ohio 11: Ashtabula—East Liverpool

285

(12)

Ohio 32: Albany—Peebles

297

(7)

LAKESHORE OHIO

304

(38)

History of Lake Erie

304

(4)

Lake Erie Basins

308

(1)

Shoreline Dynamics

308

(5)

ROAD GUIDES

1-90 and U.S. 20 (Including I-80 between Elyria and Toledo): Pennsylvania Line—Toledo

313

(29)

THE OHIO VALLEY—A PRODUCT OF THE ICE AGE

342

(38)

History of the Ohio River

343

(3)

Notable Floods

346

(34)

ROAD GUIDES

U.S. 52: Sybene—Indiana Line

348

(15)

Ohio 7: East Liverpool—Chesapeake

363

(17)

GLOSSARY

380

(7)

ADDITIONAL READING

387

(3)

INDEX

390

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Roadside Geology of Ohio

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials