Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The

Suicide terrorism in its modern form appeared in the 1980s when the Shiite Hezbollah was the first organization to use this strategy in Lebanon. Its subsequent adoption by many organizations in the Middle East and Asia, the majority either Arab or Muslim, led many scholars to emphasize the role of Islam in suicide terrorism's emergence and spread.

List of figures

x

List of tables

xi

Notes on contributors

xii

Preface

xv

Acknowledgments

xix

Introduction: characteristics of suicide attacks

1

(1)

Ami Pedahzur

Arie Perliger

Characteristics of suicide terrorist attacks

1

(12)

Defining suicide terrorism

13

(12)

Assaf Moghadam

Introduction

13

(1)

Labeling suicide terrorism

14

(3)

Suicide attacks: narrow and broad

17

(4)

Conclusion

21

(4)

Dying to kill: motivations for suicide terrorism

25

(29)

Mia Bloom

Motivations for suicide terror

35

(6)

Domestic politics and public support

41

(3)

The goals of suicide bombing: group competition, and outbidding

44

(2)

Religious versus nationalist suicide bombers

46

(8)

Dying to be martyrs: the symbolic dimension of suicide terrorism

54

(27)

Mohammed M. Hafez

Introduction

54

(2)

Is dying to kill rational? The limits of rationalist explanations

56

(5)

The role of religion, nationalism, and community in constituting a culture of martyrdom

61

(14)

Conclusion

75

(6)

The roots of suicide terrorism: a multi-causal approach

81

(27)

Assaf Moghadam

Abstract

81

(1)

Introduction

81

(2)

A multi-causal approach to the study of suicide terrorism

83

(6)

The individual level of analysis (L1)

89

(4)

The organizational level of analysis (L2)

93

(3)

The environmental level of analysis (L3)

96

(3)

Conclusion

99

(9)

Suicide terrorism for secular causes

108

(14)

Leonard Weinberg

Postscript

120

(2)

Islam and al Qaeda

122

(10)

Marc Sageman

The evolution of the global Salafi jihad ideology

122

(2)

Data

124

(1)

The global Salafi jihad and Islam

125

(2)

Joining the jihad

127

(2)

Motivating terrorist operations

129

(2)

Conclusion

131

(1)

Al-Qaeda and the global epidemic of suicide attacks

132

(20)

Yoram Schweitzer

Introduction

132

(2)

Al-Qaeda and Istishad

134

(8)

The suicide attacks of Al-Qaeda---an implementation of the concept of Istishad

142

(1)

Al-Qaeda's affiliates' suicide attacks

143

(5)

Conclusion

148

(4)

Being bin Laden: an Applied Decision Analysis procedure for analyzing and predicting terrorists decisions

152

(27)

Alex Mintz

J. Tyson Chatagnier

David J. Brule

Introduction

152

(1)

Defining and operationalizing suicide attacks

152

(1)

Applied Decision Analysis

153

(3)

The suicide attack on the USS Cole

156

(1)

The 1998 merger

157

(1)

Constructing bin Laden's decision matrix

157

(5)

Analysis: attack on the Cole

162

(8)

Analysis: merger with EIJ

170

(4)

Conclusion

174

(5)

Maghreb immigrants becoming suicide terrorists: a case study on religious radicalization processes in Spain

179

(20)

Rogelio Alonso

Fernando Reinares

Introduction

179

(1)

The run up to the collective suicide: March 11, 2004

179

(4)

The suicide in Leganes on April 3, 2004

183

(2)

The seven suicide terrorists

185

(6)

Profiles and social networks

191

(8)

Index

199

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Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom

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