Russian Trade Unions and Industrial Relations

This book, based on detailed research at national, regional and workplace level, analyzes the development of trade unions and industrial relations in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet system.

Simon Clarke is Lecturer in Industrial Relations, London School of Economics.

Sarah Ashwin is Professor in Sociology, University of Warwick.

List of Figures and Tables

ix

Acronyms and Abbreviations

xi

Introduction

1

(7)

Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in the Soviet System

8

(28)

The formation of the soviet trade unions

8

(6)

After Lenin: the fate of the unions

14

(3)

The structure and functions of soviet trade unions

17

(5)

The regulation of the employment relationship

22

(4)

Trade unions and the labour collective under perestroika

26

(4)

The reform of the trade unions under perestroika

30

(3)

Post-soviet trade unions in search of a role

33

(3)

Trade Unions and Politics in Post-Soviet Russia

36

(37)

Trade unions and politics in the Yeltsin era

38

(22)

The challenge of Yeltsin's reforms

38

(3)

FNPR in the confrontation between Yeltsin and Parliament

41

(1)

FNPR's change of line

42

(2)

Trade unions during the first Duma (1994--6)

44

(3)

The unions in the 1995 election

47

(3)

Lobbying the second Duma (1996--9)

50

(5)

The 1999 Duma election

55

(5)

The 2000 Presidential election and FNPR under Putin

60

(11)

The campaign against the Unified Social Tax and the Labour Code

62

(6)

FNPR under threat

68

(3)

Conclusion

71

(2)

The Structure of Russian Trade Unions

73

(28)

International Relations of the Russia trade unions

75

(1)

FNPR

76

(2)

The branch unions

78

(3)

Regional trade union organisations

81

(5)

Trade union membership

86

(2)

Membership dues

88

(2)

Trade union property

90

(3)

The trade union apparatus

93

(2)

Who are the trade union officers?

95

(3)

Trade union expenditure

98

(3)

The Legal Framework of Industrial Relations

101

(31)

Post-soviet changes to the legal framework: an overview

103

(2)

The Russian Constitution

105

(1)

The Russian Labour Code

106

(5)

The 2001 Labour Code

111

(3)

The Law on Trade Unions

114

(10)

Trade union rights and status

117

(2)

The unions as a privileged interlocutor with government

119

(2)

Rights in relation to management

121

(3)

The Law on Collective Bargaining and Agreements

124

(3)

The Law on Collective Labour Disputes

127

(4)

Conclusion

131

(1)

Social Partnership

132

(47)

The origins and meaning of `sotsial'noe partnerstvo'

132

(6)

Social partnership at the Federal level: the history of the Russian Tripartite Commission and the General Agreement

138

(7)

The social partners at national level

145

(7)

The enforcement of agreements

147

(1)

Social partnership at the branch level: branch tariff agreements

148

(4)

Social partnership at the regional level

152

(2)

The formal aims of regional social partnership

154

(20)

Who are the social partners?

154

(5)

The content of the regional agreements

159

(9)

Coverage and enforcement of regional agreements

168

(2)

The regional tripartite commission

170

(2)

Relations with the regional legislature

172

(1)

Social partnership at the sub-regional level

173

(1)

What is the point of social partnership?

174

(5)

The Functions of Russian Trade Unions

179

(24)

Wage determination

179

(3)

Employment protection

182

(2)

Social protection and the enforcement of labour rights

184

(9)

Support for the negotiation of collective agreements

185

(1)

Training for trade union activists

186

(2)

Provision of legal advice

188

(2)

Action through the courts

190

(2)

Conflict resolution

192

(1)

Monitoring the observance of health and safety and labour legislation

193

(3)

Informational-analytical work

196

(1)

Social welfare and mass-cultural work

197

(3)

Organisation and recruitment

200

(3)

Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in the Enterprise

203

(59)

Privatisation, the enterprise director and the labour collective

203

(1)

Globalisation and the collapse of the Russian economy

204

(3)

Primary organisations after the collapse of communism

207

(5)

Trade union organisation

212

(4)

Trade union facilities

216

(1)

Trade union activities

217

(3)

Collective agreements

220

(17)

Failure to conclude a collective agreement

222

(3)

Negotiation of the collective agreement

225

(3)

Content of the collective agreement

228

(6)

Fulfilment and enforcement of the collective agreement

234

(3)

Relations with the administration

237

(4)

Relations with members

241

(5)

Relations with regional trade union bodies

246

(2)

Conflict

248

(9)

Individual labour disputes

249

(3)

Collective labour conflicts

252

(5)

Militant trade union organisations

257

(2)

Do Russian workers need trade unions?

259

(3)

The Future of Russian Trade Unionism

262

(15)

The limitations of social partnership

262

(3)

The vicious circle of conciliation

265

(2)

Hierarchy and trade union democracy

267

(1)

The demobilisation of the membership

268

(2)

Russian trade unionism in comparative perspective

270

(3)

The future of Russian trade unionism

273

(4)

Bibliography

277

(8)

Index

285

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Russian Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Transition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials