Safety Scale Laboratory Experiments for

The Fifth Edition of this accurate and well-tested lab manual contains 15 general chemistry and 20 organic/biochemistry safety-scale laboratory experiments. The experiments are designed to use small quantities of chemicals and emphasize safety and proper disposal of materials. 'Safety-scale' is the authors' own term for describing the amount of chemicals each lab experiment requires--less than macroscale quantities, which are expensive and hazardous, and more than microscale quantities, which are difficult to work with and require special equipment. This lab manual provides a unique blend of laboratory skills and exercises that effectively illustrate concepts from the main text, CHEMISTRY FOR TODAY: GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOCHEMISTRY, Fifth Edition.

Spencer L. Seager Weber State University Michael R. Slabaugh Weber State University

Introduction

Pre-Lab Preparation

v

Safety Precautions

v

Emergency Facilities and Procedures

vi

General Laboratory Procedures

vi

Data and Calculations

viii

Scale of Experiments

ix

Common Laboratory Equipment

x

EXPERIMENTS

Measurements and Significant Figures

1

(12)

The Use of Chemical Balances

13

(14)

The Use of Volumetric Ware and the Determination of Density

27

(18)

Physical and Chemical Changes

45

(12)

Separations and Analysis

57

(16)

Classification of Chemical Reactions

73

(18)

Analysis Using Decomposition Reactions

91

(12)

Gas Laws

103

(18)

Solution Formation and Characteristics

121

(14)

Colligative Properties of Solutions

135

(12)

Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

147

(16)

Acids, Bases, Salts, and Buffers

163

(14)

Analysis of Vinegar

177

(12)

Determination of Ka for Weak Acids

189

(12)

The Acidic Hydrogens of Acids

201

(12)

The Use of Melting Points in the Identification of Organic Compounds

213

(10)

Isolation and Purification of an Organic Compound

223

(14)

Hydrocarbons

237

(14)

Reactions of Alcohols and Phenols

251

(14)

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

265

(12)

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, Amines, and Amides

277

(14)

The Synthesis of Aspirin and Other Esters

291

(12)

Identifying Functional Groups in Unknowns

303

(14)

Synthetic Polymers

317

(14)

Dyes, Inks, and Food Colorings

331

(16)

A Study of Carbohydrates

347

(12)

Preparation of Soap by Lipid Saponification

359

(14)

Isolation of Natural Products: Trimyristin and Cholesterol

373

(10)

Amino Acids and Proteins

383

(16)

Enzymes: Nature's Catalysts

399

(12)

Factors That Influence Enzyme Activity

411

(16)

Vitamin C Content of Foods, Part I: Assigned Samples

427

(12)

Vitamin C Content of Foods, Part II: Samples from Home

439

(10)

Extraction of DNA from Wheat Germ

449

(10)

Detection of Minerals in Breakfast Cereals

459

(50)

APPENDICES

A Graphs and Graphing

471

(6)

B Equipment, Chemicals, Reagents, and Supplies

477

(32)

C Table of Atomic Weights and Numbers

509

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Safety Scale Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry for Today : General, Organic, and Biochemistry

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials