Sanskrit Grammar

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ISBN: 9780486431369 | 0486431363
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/6/2003

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As Latin is key to the study of Western classics, so Sanskrit is the language of ancient Indian literature. This guide begins with an introduction to the Sanskrit alphabet, followed by a treatment of the accent its changes in combination, inflection, and tone. Succeeding chapters discuss declension, conjugation, parts of speech, more.

PREFACE

iii

INTRODUCTION

I. ALPHABET

(9)

IL SYSTEM OF SOUNDS; PRONUNCIATION

(24)

Vowels,

(3)

Consonants,

(14)

Quantity,

(1)

Accent,

(6)

III. RULES of EUPHONIC COMBINATION

(54)

Introductory,

(3)

Principles,

(5)

Rules of Vowel Combination,

(7)

Permitted Finals,

(4)

Deaspiration,

(1)

Surd and Sonant Assimilation,

(2)

Combinations of Final s and r,

(5)

Conversion of s to s,

Conversion of n to n,

(12)

Conversion of Dental Mutes to Linguals and Palatals,

(3)

Combinations of Final n,

(2)

Combinations of Final m,

(1)

the Palatal Mutes and Sibilant, and h,

(5)

the Lingual Sibilant,

(1)

Extension and Abbreviation,

(3)

Strengthening and Weakening Processes,

(1)

Guna and Vrddhi,

(3)

Vowel-lengthening,

(1)

Vowel-lightening,

(1)

Nasal Increment,

(1)

Reduplication,

(1)

IV. DECLENSION

(23)

Gender, Number, Case,

(1)

Uses of the Cases,

(14)

Endings of Declension,

103

(4)

Variation of Stem,

107

(1)

Accent in Declension,

108

(3)

V. NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

111

(66)

Classification etc.,

111

(1)

Declension I., Stems in a,

112

(4)

Declension II., Stems in i and u,

116

(8)

Declension III., Stems in Long Vowels (ã, i, u): A. Root-words etc.,

124

(6)

Stems in Diphthongs,

130

(1)

B. Derivative Stems etc.,

131

(6)

Declension IV,, Stems in r or ar,

137

(4)

Declension V., Stems in Consonants,

141

(2)

A. Root-stems etc.,

143

(10)

B. Derivative Stems in as, is, us,

153

(3)

C. Derivative Stems in an,

156

(5)

D. in in,

161

(2)

E. in ant or at,

163

(6)

F. Perfect Participles in vãñs,

169

(3)

G. Comparatives in yãns or yas,

172

(1)

Comparison,

173

(4)

VI. NUMERALS

177

(8)

Cardinals,

177

(6)

Ordinals etc.,

183

(2)

VII. PRONOUNS

185

(15)

Personal,

185

(3)

Demonstrative,

188

(6)

Interrogative,

194

(1)

Relative,

195

(1)

other Pronouns : Emphatic, Indefinite,

196

(1)

Nouns used pronominally,

197

(1)

Pronominal Derivatives, Possessives etc.,

197

(2)

Adjectives declined pronominally,

199

(1)

VIII. CONJUGATION

200

(27)

Voice, Tense, Mode, Number, Person,

200

(3)

Verbal Adjectives and Nouns,

203

(1)

Secondary Conjugations,

203

(1)

Personal Endings,

204

(5)

Subjunctive Mode,

209

(2)

Optative,

211

(2)

Imperative,

213

(2)

Uses of the Modes,

215

(5)

Participles,

220

(1)

Augment,

220

(2)

Reduplication,

222

(1)

Accent of the Verb,

223

(4)

IX. THE PRESENT-SYSTEM

227

(52)

General,

227

(1)

Conjugations and conjugation Classes,

228

(3)

Root-Class (second or ad-class),

231

(11)

Reduplicating Class (third or hu-class),

242

(8)

Nasal Class (seventh or rudh-class),

250

(4)

nu and u-Classes (fifth and eighth, or su- and tan-classes),

254

(6)

nã-Class (ninth or kri-class),

260

(4)

a-Class (first or bhu-class),

264

(5)

Accented á-Class (sixth or tud-class),

269

(2)

ya-Class (fourth or div-class),

271

(4)

Accented yá-Class or Passive Conjugation,

275

(2)

So-called tenth or cur-class,

277

(1)

Uses of the Present and Imperfect,

278

(1)

X. THE PERFECT-SYSTEM

279

(18)

Perfect Tense,

279

(12)

Perfect Participle,

291

(1)

Modes of the Perfect,

292

(3)

Pluperfect,

295

(1)

Uses of the Perfect,

295

(2)

XI. THE AORIST-SYSTEMS

297

(33)

Classification,

297

(2)

I. Simple Aorist: 1. Root-Aorist,

299

(5)

Passive Aorist 3d' sing.,

304

(1)

2. the a-Aorist,

305

(3)

II. 3. Reduplicated Aorist,

308

(5)

III. Sibilant Aorist,

313

(1)

4. the s-Aorist,

314

(6)

5. the ïø-Aorist,

320

(3)

6. the siø-Aorist,

323

(2)

7. the sa-Aorist,

325

(1)

Precative,

326

(2)

Uses of the Aorist,

328

(2)

XII. THE FUTURE-SYSTEMS

330

(10)

I. The s-Future,

331

(3)

Preterit of the s-Future, Conditional,

334

(1)

II. The Periphrastic, Future,

335

(2)

Uses of the Futures and Conditional,

337

(3)

XIII. VERBAL ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS: PARTICIPLES, INFINITIVES, GERUNDS

340

(20)

Passive Participle in tá or ná,

340

(4)

Past Active Participle in tavant,

344

(1)

Future Passive Participles, Gerundives,

345

(2)

Infinitives,

347

(4)

Uses of the Infinitives,

351

(4)

Gerunds,

355

(4)

Adverbial Gerund in am,

359

(1)

XIV. DERIVATIVE OR SECONDARY CONJUGATION

360

(31)

I. Passive,

361

(1)

II. Intensive,

362

(3)

Present-System,

365

(5)

Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.,

370

(2)

III. Desiderative,

372

(2)

Present-System,

374

(2)

Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.,

376

(2)

IV. Causative,

378

(2)

Present-System,

380

(3)

Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.,

383

(3)

V. Denominative,

386

(5)

XV. PERIPHRASTIC AND COMPOUND CONJUGATION

391

(12)

The Periphrastic Perfect,

392

(2)

Participial Periphrastic Phrases,

394

(1)

Composition with Prepositional Prefixes,

395

(5)

Other Verbal Compounds,

400

(3)

XVI. INDECLINA.BLES

403

(15)

Adverbs,

403

(11)

Prepositions,

414

(2)

Conjunctions,

416

(1)

Interjections,

417

(1)

XVII. DERIVATION OF DECLINABLE STEMS

418

(62)

A. Primary Derivatives,

420

(34)

B. Secondary Derivatives,

454

(26)

XVIII. FORMATION OF COMPOUND STEMS

480

(36)

Classification,

480

(5)

I. Copulative Compounds,

485

(4)

II. Determinative Compounds,

489

(1)

A. Dependent Compounds,

489

(5)

B. Descriptive Compounds,

494

(7)

III. Secondary Adjective Compounds,

501

(1)

A. Possessive Compounds,

501

(10)

B. Compounds with Governed Final Member,

511

(1)

Adjective Compounds as Nouns and as Adverbs,

512

(2)

Anomalous Compounds

514

(1)

Stem-finals altered in Composition,

514

(1)

Loose Construction with Compounds,

515

(1)

APPENDIX

516

(5)

A. Examples of Various Sanskrit Type,

516

(2)

B. Example of Accentuated Text,

518

(2)

Synopsis of the conjugation of roots bhü and k,

520

(1)

SANSKRIT-INDEX

521

(19)

GENERAL-INDEX

540

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Sanskrit Grammar

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