Saudi Arabia and the United States

"... a unique historical document about one of the key relationships we have with states of the Middle East." -- Richard B. ParkerFrom 1944 to 1965, concluding with his ambassadorship to Saudi Arabia, Parker T. Hart played a critical role in building the U.S.-Saudi security relationship that remains to this day a key aspect of American diplomacy in the Middle East. His account sheds new light on watershed events in our diplomatic history, and his portraits of three Saudi rulers provide insights into current issues that have been politically sensitive over the long term.

Parker T. Hart is a retired Career Minister of the United States Foreign Service and former assistant secretary of state for Near East and South Asian affairs. He has served as U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Turkey. His other diplomatic posts have included minister to the Yemen and director of the Foreign Service Institute. He is author of Two NATO Allies at the Threshold of War.

THE ADST-DACOR DIPLOMATS AND DIPLOMACY SERIES

ix

(2)

FOREWORD

xi

(4)

WALTER L. CUTLER

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

xv

(2)

PREFACE

xvii

(4)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xxi

(2)

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

xxiii

PROLOGUE HISTORY IN THE MAKING A PORTRAIT OF KING ABD AL-AZIZ AL SAUD

1

(12)

PART ONE DIPLOMACY OF AN AIR BASE

13

(40)

1 TROUBLED US-BRITISH COOPERATION

13

(21)

2 EARLY PRESIDENTIAL ASSURANCES AND THE ARAB CALL TO UNITY

34

(19)

PART TWO THE RESTLESS SEARCH FOR BOUNDARIES

53

(60)

3 COLD WAR AND REGIONAL PRESSURES AND THE REIGN OF KING SAUD

53

(29)

4 SAUD BESIEGED: NASSER, DHAHRAN AIRFIELD, AND FAISAL

82

(31)

PART THREE COLLAPSE OF AN ANCIENT SYSTEM

113

(52)

5 BUILDUP TO CONFRONTATION: EGYPT, YEMEN, AND SAUDI ARABIA

113

(23)

6 YEMEN: COLLAPSE OF AN ANCIENT SYSTEM

136

(29)

PART FOUR VIOLENCE AND MEDIATION

165

(83)

7 THE 1963 BUNKER MISSION AND BEYOND

165

(37)

8 OPERATION HARDSURFACE AND THE UN OBSERVER MISSION IN YEMEN

202

(35)

9 THE DEPOSING OF KING SAUD: FAISAL'S ACCESSION

237

(11)

EPILOGUE

248

(5)

POSTSCRIPT

253

(2)

NOTES

255

(16)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

271

(2)

INDEX

273

MAP FACES PAGE 1

ILLUSTRATIONS FOLLOW PAGE 98

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Saudi Arabia and the United States

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials