Scattering Of Light By Crystals

This authoritative graduate-level text describes the phenomenon of inelastic light scattering by crystals and its use in the investigation of solid-state excitation. Its experimental techniques are common to the study of all types of excitation, and it describes the main components of light-scattering apparatus in detail. 115 figures. 19 tables. 1978 edition.

CHAPTER 1 BASIC FEATURES AND FORMAL THEORY OF LIGHT SCATTERING

1

(52)

1.1 Historical Introduction,

2

(2)

1.2 The Scattering Cross Section,

4

(7)

1.2.1 Basic Definitions,

4

(4)

1.2.2 Classical Theory of Elastic Scattering,

8

(3)

1.3 Scope of Light-Scattering Experiments,

11

(5)

1.4 Macroscopic Theory of Light Scattering,

16

(17)

1.4.1 Susceptibility Derivatives,

17

(4)

1.4.2 Radiation by the Stokes Polarization,

21

(4)

1.4.3 The Cross Section,

25

(2)

1.4.4 Fluctuation-Dissipation Theory,

27

(4)

1.4.5 Relation between Stokes and Anti-Stokes Cross Sections,

31

(2)

1.5 Microscopic Theory of Light Scattering,

33

(10)

1.5.1 The Interaction Hamiltonians,

33

(6)

1.5.2 Atomic-Scattering Cross Section,

39

(2)

1.5.3 Scattering by Free Electrons,

41

(2)

1.6 Symmetry Properties of Inelastic Cross Sections,

43

(10)

CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS

53

(42)

2.1 Lasers,

54

(20)

2.1.1 Conditions for Laser Operation,

54

(4)

2.1.2 Optical Resonators and Mode Configurations,

58

(6)

2.1.3 Gas Lasers,

64

(6)

2.1.4 Dye Lasers,

70

(2)

2.1.5 Solid-State Ionic Lasers,

72

(2)

2.2 Spectrometers,

74

(12)

2.2.1 Diffraction-Grating Instruments and Sample Illumination,

75

(5)

2.2.2 The Fabry-Perot Spectrometer,

80

(6)

2.3 Detection of Scattered Light,

86

(2)

2.4 Measurement of Spectra,

88

(7)

CHAPTER 3 NONPOLAR VIBRATIONAL SCATTERING

95

(52)

3.1 First-Order Scattering,

96

(25)

3.1.1 Vibrational Symmetries,

96

(3)

3.1.2 Lattice Dynamics,

99

(4)

3.1.3 Internal and External Vibrations,

103

(4)

3.1.4 The Scattering Cross Section,

107

(5)

3.1.5 Randomly Oriented Scatterers,

112

(5)

3.1.6 Experiments on Crystals,

117

(4)

3.2 Second-Order Scattering,

121

(10)

3.2.1 Density of States and Selection Rules,

121

(3)

3.2.2 Experiments and Calculations,

124

(7)

3.3 Defect-Induced Scattering,

131

(16)

3.3.1 Light Scattering by Point Defects,

133

(4)

3.3.2 Mixed Crystals and Amorphous Solids,

137

(10)

CHAPTER 4 POLAR VIBRATIONAL SCATTERING

147

(54)

4.1 Macroscopic Theory,

148

(31)

4.1.1 Lattice Dynamics of Polar Modes,

148

(5)

4.1.2 The Scattering Cross Section,

153

(3)

4.1.3 Properties of the Susceptibility Derivatives,

156

(6)

4.1.4 Polar-Mode Scattering in Cubic Crystals,

162

(7)

4.1.5 Polar-Mode Scattering in Uniaxial Crystals,

169

(6)

4.1.6 Polar-Mode Scattering in Biaxial Crystals,

175

(2)

4.1.7 Scattering by Powdered Crystals,

177

(2)

4.2 Microscopic Theory,

179

(13)

4.2.1 Electrons and Phonons in Crystals,

180

(3)

4.2.2 The Scattering Cross Section,

183

(3)

4.2.3 Resonance Scattering,

186

(6)

4.3 Light Scattering by Polaritons,

192

(9)

CHAPTER 5 STRUCTURAL PHASE CHANGES

201

(38)

5.1 Soft Modes,

206

(7)

5.2 Experimental Examples,

213

(26)

5.2.1 Quartz,

213

(1)

5.2.2 Perovskites,

214

(5)

5.2.3 Hydrogen-Bonded Ferroelectrics and Order-Disorder Transitions,

219

(4)

5.2.4 Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effects,

223

(5)

5.2.5 Acoustic Anomalies,

228

(4)

5.2.6 Light Scattering Near Zero Frequency,

232

(7)

CHAPTER 6 MAGNETIC SCATTERING

239

(48)

6.1 Scattering by Simple Paramagnets and Ferromagnets,

240

(16)

6.1.1 Faraday Rotation,

240

(3)

6.1.2 The Scattering Cross Section,

243

(8)

6.1.3 Microscopic Theory,

251

(5)

6.2 First-Order Light Scattering by Antiferromagnets,

256

(10)

6.2.1 Antiferromagnetic Magnons,

256

(6)

6.2.2 Antiferromagnetic Cross Section,

262

(4)

6.3 Second-Order Light Scattering by Antiferromagnets,

266

(10)

6.3.1 Scattering Mechanism,

266

(5)

6.3.2 Magnon Interaction Effects,

271

(5)

6.4 Magnetic Defect Scattering,

276

(11)

6.4.1 Scattering by Point Defects,

277

(2)

6.4.2 Scattering by Mixed Crystals,

279

(8)

CHAPTER 7 RAMAN SCATTERING BY ELECTRONS

287

(40)

7.1 Light Scattering by Rare-Earth Ions,

288

(5)

7.2 Light Scattering by Shallow Donors and Acceptors,

293

(8)

7.2.1 Electronic Levels of Impurities in Semiconductors,

293

(3)

7.2.2 Scattering by Donors,

296

(2)

7.2.3 Scattering by Acceptors,

298

(3)

7.3 Light Scattering by Conduction Electrons,

301

(26)

7.3.1 Some Properties of Free Carriers,

301

(4)

7.3.2 General Aspects of Light Scattering by a Plasma,

305

(5)

7.3.3 Plasmon Scattering,

310

(5)

7.3.4 Single-Particle Scattering,

315

(12)

CHAPTER 8 RAYLEIGH AND BRILLOUIN SCATTERING

327

(28)

8.1 Kinematics of Brillouin Scattering and Determination of Elastic Constants,

332

(8)

8.1.1 Centrosymmetric Crystals,

332

(4)

8.1.2 Piezoelectric Crystals,

336

(4)

8.2 Brillouin Scattering Cross Section,

340

(5)

8.3 Some Experimental Examples,

345

(10)

8.3.1 Rayleigh Scattering,

345

(3)

8.3.2 Brillouin Scattering,

348

(7)

INDEX

355

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Scattering Of Light By Crystals

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