The Science of Overabundance Deer Ecology and

Easily the most common of Americas large wildlife species, white-tailed deer are often referred to as overabundant. But when does a species cross the threshold from common to overpopulated? William McShea and his colleagues explore every aspect of the issue in The Science of Overabundance, dismissing widely held lore and provide solid information on this perplexing problem.

William J. McShea and John H. Rappole are conservation biologists with the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute within the Smithsonian's National Zoo. H. Brian Underwood is director of park studies for the U.S. Geological Survey.

List of Contributors

ix

Acknowledgments

xiii

Introduction Deer Management and the Concept of Overabundance

1

(10)

William J. Mcshea

H. Brian Underwood

John H. Rappole

PART ONE: Philosophical Perspectives on Managing Deer

Recounting Whitetails Past

11

(16)

Thomas R. Mccabe

Richard E. Mccabe

Historical Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Deer in Virginia

27

(10)

W. Matt Knox

The Science of Deer Management: An Animal Welfare Perspective

37

(18)

Allen T. Rutberg

The Challenge of Conserving Large Mammals, with an Emphasis on Deer

55

(14)

Chris Wemmer

PART TWO: Population Effects of High-Density Deer Herds

Irruptive Behavior in Ungulates

69

(30)

Dale R. Mccullough

Genetic Variation as a Predictor of Social Structure: Genetic Approaches for Studying Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer

99

(21)

Nancy E. Mathews

J. Andrew Dewoody

William F. Porter

Loren C. Skow

Rodney L. Honeycutt

Density Dependence in Deer Populations

120

(16)

Gary C. White

Richard M. Bartmann

Density Effects on Deer Sociobiology

136

(15)

Karl V. Miller

John J. Ozoga

Profiles of Deer under Different Management and Habitat Conditions in Pennsylvania

151

(13)

William L. Palmer

Gerald L. Storm

Randall Quinn

Walter M. Tzilkowski

Matthew J. Lovallo

Health Characteristics and White-Tailed Deer Population Density in the Southeastern United States

164

(21)

William R. Davidson

Gary L. Doster

Reconsidering Paradigms of Overpopulation in Ungulates: White-Tailed Deer at Saratoga National Historical Park

185

(16)

H. Brian Underwood

William F. Porter

PART THREE: Ecosystems and High-Density Deer Herds

Rethinking the Role of Deer in Forest Ecosystem Dynamics

201

(23)

Oswald J. Schmitz

A. R. E. Sinclair

Vertebrate Abundance and the Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases

224

(25)

Mark L. Wilson

James E. Childs

Influence of Deer on the Structure and Composition of Oak Forests in Central Massachusetts

249

(18)

William M. Healy

Deer and Ecosystem Management

267

(13)

David S. Decalesta

Deer Populations and the Widespread Failure of Hemlock Regeneration in Northern Forests

280

(18)

William S. Alverson

Donald M. Waller

Herbivores and the Ecology of Forest Understory Birds

298

(12)

William J. Mcshea

John H. Rappole

Influence of Deer and Other Factors on an Old-Field Plant Community: An Eight-Year Exclosure Study

310

(17)

Michael A. Bowers

Role of Refuges in the Dynamics of Outlying Deer Populations: Two Examples from the Agricultural Midwest

327

(19)

Lonnie P. Hansen

Charles M. Nixon

Jeff Beringer

Bottomland Forest Composition and Seedling Diversity: Simulating Succession and Browsing by Overabundant Deer

346

(20)

Steve W. Seagle

Suh-Yuen Liang

A Spatially Explicit Modeling Environment for Evaluating Deer Management Strategies

366

(14)

Ken L. Risenhoover

H. Brian Underwood

Wen Yan

Jerry L. Cooke

Epilogue Carrying Capacity and the Overabundance of Deer: A Framework for Management

380

(15)

A. R. E. Sinclair

Index

395

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The Science of Overabundance Deer Ecology and Population Management

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials