Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers

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ISBN: 9780821364925 | 0821364928
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/15/2006

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The design of intergovernmental fiscal transfers has a strong bearing on efficiency and equity of public service provision and accountable local governance. This book provides a comprehensive one-stop window/source of materials to guide practitioners and scholars on design and worldwide practices in intergovernmental fiscal transfers and their implications for efficiency, and equity in public services provision as well as accountable governance.

Foreword

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Contributors

xxi

Overview

xxvii

Robin Boadway and Anwar Shah

1 A Practitioner's Guide to Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers

(54)

Anwar Shah

Instruments of Intergovernmental Finance

(7)

Achieving Results-Based Accountability through Performance-Oriented Transfers

(6)

Designing Fiscal Transfers: Dividing the Spoils or Creating a Framework for Accountable and Equitable Governance?

(29)

Institutional Arrangements for Fiscal Relations

(4)

Lessons from International Practices

(3)

References

(4)

Part I The Principles

2 Grants in a Federal Economy: A Conceptual Perspective

(20)

Robin Boadway

Three Views of the Role of Grants

(8)

Designing the System of Federal-Regional Fiscal Relations

(9)

Notes

(1)

3 Equity and Efficiency Aspects of Interagency Transfers in a Multigovernment Framework

(32)

Paul Bernd Spahn

The Case for Interjurisdictional Equity

(2)

Designing Equalization Schemes

(15)

The Case for Intragovernmental Efficiency

(3)

Designing Interagency Relations and Microtransfers

(8)

Summary

104

(1)

Notes

105

(1)

References

106

(1)

4 Achieving Economic Stabilization by Sharing Risk within Countries

107

(26)

Jürgen von Hagen

Principles of Regional Risk Sharing

109

(5)

Moral Hazard and the Political Economy of Regional Insurance

114

(3)

Empirical Evidence

117

(6)

The Macroeconomics of Regional Risk Sharing and Stabilization

123

(2)

Conclusions

125

(1)

Annex: A Model of Regional Stabilization and Risk Sharing

126

(3)

Notes

129

(1)

References

129

(4)

5 Grants and Soft Budget Constraints

133

(40)

Marianne Vigneault

The Soft Budget Constraint Problem Defined

136

(1)

Implications of Soft Budget Constraints

137

(1)

The Soft Budget Constraint Problem in Theory

138

(7)

The Soft Budget Constraint Problem in Practice: Country-Level Evidence

145

(17)

Lessons Learned

162

(5)

Concluding Comments

167

(1)

Notes

168

(1)

References

169

(4)

6 The Political Economy of Interregional Grants

173

(30)

Motohiro Sato

Political Motive and Political Competition

176

(5)

Fragmented Government and Rent Seeking

181

(4)

Intergovernmental Relations

185

(4)

The Commitment Problem

189

(4)

Institutional Reform

193

(3)

Notes

196

(1)

References

197

(6)

7 The Incentive Effects of Grants

203

(56)

Michael Smart

The Taxonomy of Grants

204

(1)

Vertical Transfers

205

(6)

Horizontal Transfers

211

(9)

Concluding Comments

220

(1)

Notes

221

(1)

References

221

(4)

8 The Impact of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: A Synthesis of the Conceptual and Empirical literature

225

(1)

Shama Gamkhar and Anwar Shah

Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Local Government Behavior: Theoretical Hypotheses

226

(5)

Empirical Approaches to Measuring the Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Local Fiscal Behavior

231

(21)

Concluding Remarks

252

(2)

Notes

254

(1)

References

255

(4)

Part II The Practice

9 The Legal Architecture of Intergovernmental Transfers: A Comparative Examination

259

(34)

Sujit Choudhry and Benjamin Perrin

Law and the Political Economy of Fiscal Federalism

260

(2)

Case Studies

262

(22)

Conclusions

284

(5)

Notes

289

(1)

References

290

(3)

10 Institutional Arrangements for Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and a Framework for Evaluation

293

(26)

Anwar Shah

Institutional Arrangements for Intergovernmental Transfers

294

(10)

Evaluating Institutional Arrangements for Equalizing Transfers Using a New Institutional Economics Framework

304

(2)

Comparing Alternate Institutional Arrangements Using a New Institutional Economics Framework

306

(4)

From Theory to Practice: How Accurate Are the Predictions of the New Institutional Economics?

310

(6)

Concluding Remarks

316

(1)

Notes

316

(1)

References

317

(2)

11 Resolving Fiscal Imbalances: Issues in Tax Sharing

319

(20)

M. Govinda Rao

Revenue Sharing as an Instrument of Intergovernmental Transfer

321

(2)

Sharing the Tax Base: Coordination, Efficiency, and Incentives

323

(5)

Revenue Sharing in Multilevel Fiscal Systems

328

(5)

Revenue-Sharing Formulas

333

(3)

Concluding Remarks

336

(1)

Notes

336

(1)

References

337

(2)

12 Macro Formulas for Equalization

339

(22)

Leonard S. Wilson

The Theory of Equalization

340

(5)

Macro Formulas

345

(1)

Macro Bases as Measures of Fiscal Capacity

346

(8)

Equalization in Canada, Australia, and South Africa

354

(3)

Conclusion

357

(1)

Notes

358

(1)

References

358

(3)

13 Fiscal Capacity Equalization in Horizontal Fiscal Equalization Programs

361

(36)

Bernard Dafflon

Local Fiscal Disparities

363

(3)

Conceptual Issues

366

(2)

Needs Equalization

368

(4)

Revenue Equalization

372

(8)

Designing Horizontal Equalization

380

(10)

Conclusion and Policy Proposals

390

(1)

Notes

391

(2)

References

393

(4)

14 Compensating Local Governments for Differences in Expenditure Needs in a Horizontal Fiscal Equalization Program

397

(28)

Andrew Reschovsky

Defining Expenditure Needs and Costs

400

(1)

Why Costs Differ

401

(3)

Approaches to Estimating Costs

404

(6)

Costing Methodologies in Selected Countries

410

(9)

Lessons for Developing Countries

419

(2)

Notes

421

(1)

References

422

(3)

15 Financing Capital Expenditures through Grants

425

(28)

Jeffrey Petchey and Garry MacDonald

Rationale for Capital Grants

426

(5)

Issues in the Design of Capital Grants

431

(1)

Real-World Experience with Capital Grants

432

(3)

A Capital Grant Simulation Model

435

(10)

Conclusion

445

(1)

Annex: Economic Rationales for Grants

446

(3)

Notes

449

(1)

References

450

(3)

16 Grants to Large Cities and Metropolitan Areas

453

(30)

Enid Slack

Characteristics of Large Cities and Metropolitan Areas and the Implications for Grant Design

454

(5)

Types of Transfers and Rationales for Their Use

459

(1)

Rationales for Intergovernmental Transfers

460

(8)

Grants to Large Cities and Metropolitan Areas

468

(7)

Concluding Comments

475

(1)

Notes

476

(2)

References

478

(5)

17 Grants to Small Urban Governments

483

(28)

Harry Kitchen

What Is a Small Urban Area?

483

(2)

What Are the Expenditure Responsibilities of Small Urban Areas?

485

(1)

How Should Expenditures Be Financed?

486

(2)

How Important Are Grants?

488

(10)

How Should Grants Be Designed?

498

(7)

Should Grants to Small Urban Areas Differ from Grants to Other Municipalities?

505

(1)

Summary

506

(1)

References

507

(4)

18 Intergovernmental Transfers and Rural Local Governments

511

(28)

Melville L. McMillan

Country Profiles

511

(19)

Overview and Reflections

530

(5)

Conclusion

535

(1)

Notes

536

(1)

References

537

(2)

Index

539

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Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials