Holographic Imaging

This is a book about the three-dimensional imaging technique of holography. It covers the fundamental physical and optical principles of using diffraction to record and reconstruct images, human perception, and the history of holographic imaging with an approachable explanation of both basic and advanced holographic concepts. This authoritative work focuses on practical holography, including methods for white light illumination, full color holography, and holographic recording of natural scenes. The book promotes a hands-on approach to making holograms and an understanding of why and how they work.

V. Michael Bove Jr., PhD, is Head of the Object-Based Media Group at MIT's Media Laboratory and directs the consumer electronics program CELab. He is the author or coauthor of over fifty journal or conference papers and holds patents on inventions relating to video recording, hardcopy, interactive television, and medical imaging. Dr. Bove is on the Board of Editors of the Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and is Associate Editor of Optical Engineering. He is a fellow of the Optics Society SPIE and is on the Board of Governors of the National Academy of Media Arts and Sciences.

Introduction: Why Holographic Imaging?
About this Volume1
The Window View Upon Reality
Holograms and Perception
Provoking Spatial Perceptions
Optical Information
Light as Waves and Rays
Capturing the Directions of Rays
Classical Optical Techniques
Holographic Direction Recording
Origins of Holography
Application Areas
Styles of Analysis
Light as Waves
Light
Wave Shapes
Light as Repetitive Waves
Light as Sinusoidal Waves
Coherence in Waves
E&M Nature of the Waves
Intensity (Irradiance)
Conclusions
Waves and Phases
Introduction
Wave Phase
Radius of Curvature
The Local Inclination and Divergence of a Complex Wave
Conclusions
Two-Beam Interference
Introduction
Quantitative Discussion of Interference Contrast
The Geometry of Interference Fringes
Simple Interference Patterns
Conclusions
Diffraction
Introduction
Diffraction by Periodic Structures
Single-Slit Diffraction
The Use of Lenses47
Viewing Diffraction Patterns With the Eye
Styles of Diffraction Analysis
The Grating Equation
Spatial Frequency
Grating Example
Off-Axis Grating Equation
Diffraction by a Sinusoidal Grating
Conclusions
The Diffraction Efficiency of Gratings
Introduction
Definition of Diffraction Efficiency
Transmission Patterns
Thick Gratings
'Platonic' Holography
Introduction
The Object Beam
The Reference Beam
The Interference Pattern
The Holographic Recording Material
The Holographic Transmittance Pattern
The Illuminating Beam
A Proof of Holography
The Other Reconstructed Components
Arbitrary Wavefronts
Diffraction Efficiency
Conclusions
A Ray-Tracing Analysis of Holography
Introduction
Mathematical Ray-Tracing
Numerical Example
Comparison of Paraxial Hologram and Lens Optics
Three-Dimensional Ray-Tracing
Conclusions86
Holographic Lenses and In-Line 'Gabor' Holography
Introduction
Transition to Wavefront Curvature
Phase Footprints, Again
In-Line Interference, Again
Transmittance Proof of the Focus Equation
In-Line (Gabor) Holograms
Conclusions
Off-Axis 'Leith & Upatnieks' Holography
Introduction
Implications of Off-Axis Holography
Interference and Diffraction in Off-Axis Holograms
Models for Off-Axis Holograms
Image Magnification
Intermodulation Noise
Conclusions
Non-Laser Illumination of Holograms
Introduction
Problems with Laser Illumination
Sources of Image Blur
Narrow-Band Illumination
Point-Source White Illumination
Image Depth Effects
Other Approaches
Conclusions
Phase Conjugation and Real Image Projection
Real Image Projection Techniques
Phase Conjugation--a Descriptive Approach
Perfect Conjugate Illumination (Examples)
Collimator Choices
Perfect Conjugate Illumination (More Examples)
Effects of Imperfect Conjugates
Image Location (Analytical)
Image Magnification
Relation to the Lens and Prism-Pair Model
Image Aberrations--Astigmatism
Conclusions
Full-Aperture Transfer Holography
Full-Aperture Transfers
Further Discussion of H1-H2 Technique
The Holo-Centric Coordinate System
Example
Sepa
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