Introduction to Cities : How Place and Space Shape Human Experience
, by Chen, Xiang Ming; Orum, Anthony M.; Paulsen, Krista E.Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9781405155540 | 140515554X
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 8/20/2012
A complete introduction to the history, evolution, and future of the modern city, this book covers a wide range of theory, including the significance of space and place, to provide a balanced account of why cities are an essential part of the global human experience. Covers a wide range of theoretical approaches to the city, from the historical to the cutting edge Emphasizes the important themes of space and place Offers a balanced account of cities and offers extensive coverage including urban inequality, environment and sustainability, and methods for studying the city Takes a global approach, with examples from Berlin and Chicago to Shanghai and Mumbai Includes a range of pedagogical features such as a substantial glossary of key terms, critical thinking questions, suggestions for further reading and a range of innovative textboxes which follow the themes of Exploring Further, Studying the City and Making the City Better Extensively illustrated with maps, charts, tables, and over 80 photographs Accompanied by a comprehensive website (www.wiley.com/go/cities) featuring further examples and case studies, discussion and essay questions, chapter outlines and links to useful online resources and films and documentaries
Xiangming Chen is the founding Dean and Director of the Center for Urban and Global Studies and Paul Raether Distinguished Professor of Global Urban Studies and Sociology at Trinity College, Hartford, and Distinguished Guest Professor in the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University, Shanghai. His books include The World of Cities: Places in Comparative and Historical Perspective (with Anthony M. Orum, Blackwell, 2003), As Borders Bend: Transnational Spaces on the Pacific Rim (2005), and Shanghai Rising: State Power and Local Transformations in a Global Megacity (ed., 2009), and Rethinking Global Urbanism: Comparative Insights from Secondary Cities (coed., 2012). Several of his books have been translated into Chinese. Anthony M. Orum is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He was the founding editor of the journal City Community, and has received several awards, including the 2009 Robert and Helen Lynd Award for Lifetime Achievement and Service given by the Community and Urban Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association. His publications include City-Building in America (1995), The World of Cities: Places in Comparative and Historical Perspective (with Xiangming Chen, Blackwell, 2003), and Common Ground? Readings and Reflections on Public Space (ed. With Zachary Neal, 2010). Several of his books have been translated into Chinese. Krista E. Paulsen is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of North Florida. She has published widely on the city, urban tradition, and the ways that places develop and maintain distinctive cultures. Her research examines the ways that homes and neighborhoods reflect and reproduce cultural ideals associated with family and community, and her teaching takes in urban sociology and urban studies, environmental sociology, community, and qualitative research methods. She is currently at work on the edited volume Home Place Community: International Sociology Perspectives (ed. with Margarethe Kusenbach and Melinda Milligan).
List of illustrations | p. xi |
List of tables | p. xvii |
List of boxes | p. xviii |
About the authors | p. xx |
Acknowledgments | p. xxi |
Walk-through tour | p. xxiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Foundations | p. 5 |
Cities as places and spaces | p. 6 |
Cities as places | p. 9 |
Exploring further 1.1 | p. 11 |
Identity, community, and security | p. 14 |
Places as the site of our identity | p. 14 |
Places as the site of community | p. 15 |
Places as sites of security | p. 16 |
Studying the city 1.1 | p. 17 |
Human beings make and remake places | p. 17 |
Place and space | p. 20 |
Studying the city 1.2 | p. 21 |
Making the city better 1.1 | p. 24 |
Cities shape the fates of human beings | p. 25 |
Cities and people | p. 26 |
Social theories of urban space and place: The early perspectives | p. 28 |
The social and theoretical roots of modern urban theory | p. 29 |
Studying the city 2.1 | p. 31 |
Ferdinand Tönnies: Community and society | p. 32 |
Georg Simmel: The metropolis and mental life | p. 33 |
Tönnies and Simmel: Further reflections | p. 35 |
Exploring further 2.1 | p. 36 |
The Chicago School of Sociology | p. 38 |
The city as social space | p. 39 |
The city, social change, and social order | p. 40 |
Studying the city 2.2 | p. 42 |
Life in the city as a way of life | p. 44 |
Making the city better 2.1 | p. 46 |
Early social theories of urban life | p. 47 |
Social theories of urban space and place: Perspectives in the post-World War II era | p. 49 |
Theoretical descendents of Marx | p. 50 |
Manuel Castells and the1 urban question | p. 50 |
David Harvey: Injustice and inequality in the city | p. 51 |
John Logan and Harvey Molotch: The city as a growth machine | p. 53 |
Making the city better 3.1 | p. 54 |
Making the city better 3.2 | p. 56 |
Further reflections: Marx and the critique of modern cities | p. 57 |
The return to place and the turn to culture | p. 58 |
Jane Jacobs and the discovery of community in the modern metropolis | p. 58 |
Studying the city 3.1 | p. 59 |
Sharon Zukin and the turn to culture | p. 61 |
Exploring further 3.1 | p. 63 |
Going global: The 1980s and the creation of the global city | p. 66 |
Evaluating theories of the city | p. 69 |
Methods and rules for the study of cities | p. 72 |
First rules for doing a social science of cities | p. 74 |
The rule of validity | p. 74 |
The rule of reliability | p. 76 |
Exploring further 4.1 | p. 77 |
Cities and the question of numbers | p. 78 |
Studying the city 4.1 79 The city as a case study | p. 80 |
The city as the typical case | p. 82 |
The city as a prototypical case | p. 85 |
Ethnographic and historical case studies | p. 87 |
Ethnographic case studies | p. 87 |
Studying the city 4.2 | p. 89 |
Historical case studies | p. 90 |
From one to multiple cases | p. 91 |
Studying the city 4.3 | p. 94 |
A last but very important rule on doing a good social science of cities: Fitting good theory to good methods | p. 94 |
And what about insight? | p. 95 |
The Changing Metropolis | p. 99 |
The metropolis and its expansion: Early insights and basic principles | p. 100 |
Metropolitan growth: Basic features | p. 102 |
The metropolis and its expansion | p. 104 |
The center of the city | p. 105 |
The zone of transition | p. 106 |
The zone of commuters | p. 106 |
Assessing the concentric zone theory | p. 106 |
The natural areas of the city | p. 107 |
Alternative views of the city | p. 107 |
Studying the city 5.1 | p. 108 |
The mobility of people and groups in the metropolis | p. 109 |
Social differences and migration in the metropolis | p. 109 |
Exploring further 5.1 | p. 110 |
Migration and the expansion of the metropolis | p. 113 |
The metropolitan center and its links to the hinterlands | p. 115 |
Human agents and social institutions in the expansion of the metropolis | p. 116 |
Studying the city 5.2 | p. 117 |
Making the city better 5.1 | p. 120 |
Urban growth, institutions, and human agents | p. 121 |
The origins and development of suburbs | p. 123 |
What is a suburb? Definitions and variations | p. 125 |
Alternative suburban forms | p. 127 |
A brief history of suburban development | p. 129 |
The original suburbs | p. 129 |
Culture and the demand for suburban living | p. 131 |
Making the city better 6.1 | p. 133 |
Exploring further 6.1 | p. 134 |
Early suburban diversity | p. 135 |
Transportation technologies and suburban expansion | p. 136 |
Making the city better 6.2 | p. 139 |
The role of policy in suburban expansion | p. 140 |
The mass production of US suburbs | p. 142 |
Changes and challenges in contemporary suburbs | p. 144 |
Privatization and gated communities | p. 144 |
The varied fates of older suburbs | p. 147 |
Suburbs as places | p. 149 |
Studying the city 6.1 | p. 151 |
Changing metropolitan landscapes after World War II | p. 154 |
Los Angeles: The prototype of the postwar metropolis | p. 156 |
Exploring further 7.1 | p. 160 |
The changing metropolitan order | p. 162 |
The decline - of older industrial cities | p. 162 |
The rise of the postindustrial/postmodern metropolitan regions | p. 163 |
The importance of transportation, again | p. 164 |
The remaking of places and spaces: The profound human and political consequences | p. 165 |
Making the city better 7.1 | p. 166 |
The emerging global economy: A brief overview | p. 168 |
Studying the city 7.1 | p. 171 |
People, place, and space in a global world | p. 173 |
The Metropolis and Social Inequalities | p. 177 |
The early metropolis as a place of inequality | p. 178 |
Colonial cities as unequal places | p. 180 |
Early urban diversity | p. 182 |
Cities of immigrants | p. 184 |
Immigrant lives: New York's Five Points | p. 185 |
Studying the city 8.1 | p. 189 |
The Five Points case in context | p. 190 |
Early reform and intervention efforts | p. 193 |
Making the American ghetto | p. 193 |
Integrated beginnings | p. 193 |
Making the city better 8.1 | p. 194 |
New neighbors, new tensions | p. 195 |
The perpetuation and implications of black ghettos | p. 196 |
Studying the city 8.2 | p. 197 |
Exploring further 8.1 | p. 199 |
The significance of urban diversity and inequality | p. 201 |
Inequality and diversity in the post-World War II metropolis | p. 204 |
Inequality and the metropolis | p. 205 |
Poverty and race | p. 205 |
Exploring further 9.1 | p. 207 |
Poverty and homelessness | p. 209 |
Making the city better 9.1 | p. 211 |
Gentrification and the remaking of the metropolis | p. 212 |
Exploring further 9.2 | p. 214 |
Studying the city 9.1 | p. 216 |
Social diversity and the transformed metropolis | p. 217 |
The new immigration and the transformation of the metropolis | p. 217 |
Europe | p. 217 |
The United States and Canada | p. 219 |
Reconstructing the contemporary metropolis: New ethnic enclaves | p. 221 |
Studying the city 9.2 | p. 224 |
Other dimensions of urban diversity | p. 226 |
Making the city better 9.2 | p. 227 |
The Western metropolis in flux | p. 228 |
The Metropolis in the Developing World | p. 231 |
Urbanization and urban places in developing-country cities | p. 232 |
Urbanization: The basic path and its impact on place | p. 233 |
Developing-country cities in historical perspective | p. 235 |
Studying the city 10.1 | p. 236 |
The basic dimensions of urbanization | p. 237 |
Urban hierarchy | p. 237 |
Urban primacy | p. 239 |
Over-urbanization versus under-urbanization | p. 239 |
Studying the city 10.2 | p. 241 |
Natural increase and in-migration | p. 242 |
From process and system to place | p. 243 |
A basic profile with multiple wrinkles | p. 243 |
Megacities as places: Opportunities and challenges | p. 245 |
Size and density | p. 245 |
Creating wealth and sustaining poverty | p. 246 |
Exploring further 10.1 | p. 250 |
Making the city better 10.1 | p. 251 |
The developing megacity as a lived place | p. 252 |
Making the city better 10.2 | p. 255 |
Governing the megacities | p. 255 |
Studying the city 10.3 | p. 256 |
Reassessing the developing city | p. 258 |
Cities in the global economy | p. 261 |
Cities in a globalizing world: Theoretical background | p. 262 |
Emerging cities in the global economy | p. 264 |
Yiwu, China | p. 264 |
Rajarhat, India | p. 265 |
Further Reflections on Yiwu | p. 268 |
Re-emerging cities in the global economy | p. 269 |
Berlin, Germany: A once-prosperous, then challenged, and now re-emerging local culture | p. 269 |
Shanghai, China: Local change in a rising renaissance city | p. 271 |
Moving more deeply into the global economy | p. 275 |
Dongguan, China: A place transformed from a rural township into a global factory-city | p. 275 |
Studying the city 11.1 | p. 278 |
Dubai, United Arab Emirates: From desert to urban miracle to mirage | p. 279 |
Cities in a fully networked global economy | p. 281 |
The regional dimension and mediation of cities | p. 281 |
Becoming globally networked | p. 284 |
Exploring further 11.1 | p. 285 |
Interdependence between cities and the global economy | p. 287 |
Studying the city 11.2 | p. 288 |
Systematic constraint and individual flexibility | p. 289 |
The Global restructuring of cities | p. 290 |
Making the city better 11.1 | p. 291 |
Challenges of Today and the Metropolis Of The Future | p. 295 |
Urban environments and sustainability | p. 296 |
Making use of nature | p. 297 |
Natural attributes and urban development | p. 297 |
Interpreting and manipulating nature | p. 298 |
Studying the city 12.1 | p. 301 |
Inviting "disaster" | p. 302 |
Why rebuild? | p. 303 |
Urban environments | p. 307 |
Local environmental concerns | p. 308 |
Making the city better 12.1 | p. 308 |
Environment and inequality | p. 310 |
Making the city better 12.2 | p. 311 |
Global environmental concerns | p. 312 |
Urbanization's environmental impacts | p. 313 |
Cities and climate change | p. 313 |
Addressing environmental issues: Toward sustainability | p. 315 |
Exploring further 12.1 | p. 317 |
The remaking and future of cities | p. 321 |
Between place and space: Reinforcing a theoretical vision | p. 322 |
Remaking cities from above and at critical moments | p. 324 |
The crisis of Detroit | p. 324 |
The remaking of Detroit | p. 326 |
Making the city better 13.1 | p. 327 |
Place-remaking on a larger scale | p. 328 |
Daily place-remaking from below | p. 330 |
Remaking neighborhoods and communities | p. 331 |
The remaking of Brooklyn, New York | p. 331 |
From Detroit and New York to China and Shanghai - again | p. 332 |
Remaking cities for the future | p. 334 |
Scaling up and looking forward | p. 334 |
Studying the city 13.1 | p. 335 |
The China and India scenarios and their wider implications | p. 336 |
Cities of the future and the future of cities | p. 340 |
Making the city better 13.2 | p. 341 |
Making the city better 13.3 | p. 344 |
Exploring further 13.1 | p. 346 |
A final look at the twenty-first-century city | p. 347 |
Glossary | p. 350 |
References | p. 358 |
Index | p. 371 |
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