Network Management Fundamentals

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ISBN: 9781587201370 | 1587201372
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/21/2006

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Network Management Fundamentals offers an accessible overview of network management and its essential concepts. After reading this book, users will grasp the business implications of network management, understand various management reference models, know the building blocks of network management, realize the impact of management technologies, and be able to make educated decisions concerning network management. Part I gives an overview of network management, including why it is relevant and a discussion of its associated functions, tools, and activities. Part II dissects the topic into its components, covering perspectives and aspects of network management that culminate in a discussion of management reference models. Part III addresses the various network management building blocks. Discussion includes communication between systems, information that describes the systems to be managed, common management functionality, and roles that different components play in a managed network. Also, an overview of the most important management protocols is presented. Part IV includes a number of topics of general interest, such as service level agreements and management integration, and puts into perspective the concepts and theories introduced in earlier parts.

Introduction

xix

Part I Network Management: An Overview

(98)

Setting the Stage

(42)

Defining Network Management

(5)

Analogy 1: Health Care---the Network, Your Number One Patient

(1)

Analogy 2: Throwing a Party

(1)

A More Formal Definition

(2)

The Importance of Network Management: Many Reasons to Care

(6)

Cost

(2)

Quality

(1)

Revenue

(1)

The Players: Different Parties with an Interest in Network Management

(5)

Network Management Users

(1)

The Service Provider

(1)

The Enterprise IT Department

(1)

The End User

(1)

Network Management Providers

(1)

The Equipment Vendor

(1)

The Third-Party Application Vendor

(1)

The Systems Integrator

(1)

Network Management Complexities: From Afterthought to Key Topic

(23)

Technical Challenges

(1)

Application Characteristics

(3)

Scale

(4)

Cross-Section of Technologies

(4)

Integration

(2)

Organization and Operations Challenges

(1)

Functional Division of Tasks

(1)

Geographical Distribution

(1)

Operational Procedures and Contingency Planning

(1)

Business Challenges

(1)

Placing a Value on Network Management

(1)

Feature vs. Product

(1)

Uneven Competitive Landscape

(2)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Chapter Review

(2)

On the Job with a Network Manager

(28)

A Day in the Life of a Network Manager

(15)

Pat: A Network Operator for a Global Service Provider

(6)

Chris: Network Administrator for a Medium-Size Business

(6)

Sandy: Administrator and Planner in an Internet Data Center

(2)

Observations

(1)

The Network Operator's Arsenal: Management Tools

(9)

Device Managers and Craft Terminals

(1)

Network Analyzers

(1)

Element Managers

(1)

Management Platforms

(1)

Collectors and Probes

(1)

Intrusion Detection Systems

(1)

Performance Analysis Systems

(1)

Alarm Management Systems

(1)

Trouble Ticket Systems

(1)

Work Order Systems

(1)

Workflow Management Systems and Workflow Engines

(1)

Inventory Systems

(1)

Service Provisioning Systems

(1)

Service Order--Management Systems

(1)

Billing Systems

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Chapter Review

(2)

The Basic Ingredients of Network Management

(26)

The Network Device

(7)

Management Agent

(3)

Management Information, MOs, MIBs, and Real Resources

(3)

Basic Management Ingredients---Revisited

(1)

The Management System

(3)

Management System and Manager Role

(2)

A Management System's Reason for Being

(1)

The Management Network

(7)

Networking for Management

(3)

The Pros and Cons of a Dedicated Management Network

(3)

The Management Support Organization: NOC, NOC, Who's There?

(4)

Managing the Management

(3)

Inside the Network Operations Center

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Chapter Review

(3)

Part II Management Perspectives

101

(68)

The Dimensions of Management

103

(26)

Lost in (Management) Space: Charting Your Course Along Network Management Dimensions

104

(1)

Management Interoperability: ``Roger That''

104

(10)

Communication Viewpoint: Can You Hear Me Now?

106

(2)

Function Viewpoint: What Can I Do for You Today?

108

(2)

Information Viewpoint: What Are You Talking About?

110

(1)

The Role of Standards

111

(3)

Management Subject: What We're Managing

114

(1)

Management Life Cycle: Managing Networks from Cradle to Grave

115

(3)

Planning

116

(1)

Deployment

117

(1)

Operations

117

(1)

Decommissioning

118

(1)

Management Layer: It's a Device... No, It's a Service... No, It's a Business

118

(4)

Element Managment

119

(1)

Network Management

119

(1)

Service Management

120

(1)

Business Management

121

(1)

Network Element

121

(1)

Additional Considerations

121

(1)

Management Function: What's in Your Toolbox

122

(1)

Management Process and Organization: Of Help Desks and Cookie Cutters

123

(3)

Chapter Summary

126

(1)

Chapter Review

127

(2)

Management Functions and Reference Models: Getting Organized

129

(40)

Of Pyramids and Layered Cakes

129

(2)

FCAPS: The ABCs of Management

131

(12)

F Is for Fault

132

(1)

Network Monitoring Overview

132

(1)

Basic Alarm Management Functions

133

(2)

Advanced Alarm Management Functions

135

(3)

Alarm and Event Filtering

138

(2)

Alarm and Event Correlation

140

(1)

Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting

141

(2)

Proactive Fault Management

143

(1)

Trouble Ticketing

143

(1)

C Is for Configuration

143

(8)

Configuring Managed Resources

145

(1)

Auditing, Discovery, and Autodiscovery

146

(2)

Synchronization

148

(3)

Backup and Restore

151

(1)

Image Management

151

(1)

A Is for Accounting

151

(4)

On the Difference Between Billing and Accounting

152

(1)

Accounting for Communication Service Consumption

153

(1)

Accounting Management as a Service Feature

154

(1)

P Is for Performance

155

(6)

Performance Metrics

155

(1)

Monitoring and Tuning Your Network for Performance

156

(1)

Collecting Performance Data

157

(1)

S Is for Security

158

(1)

Security of Management

158

(1)

Management of Security

159

(2)

Limitations of the FCAPS Categorization

161

(1)

OAM&P: The Other FCAPS

161

(2)

FAB and eTOM: Oh, Wait, There's More

163

(1)

How It All Relates and What It Means to You: Using Your Network Management ABCs

164

(1)

Chapter Summary

165

(1)

Chapter Review

166

(3)

Part III Management Building Blocks

169

(160)

Management Information: What Management Conversations Are All About

171

(38)

Establishing a Common Terminology Between Manager and Agent

171

(2)

MIBs

173

(7)

The Managed Device as a Conceptual Data Store

173

(2)

Categories of Management Information

175

(2)

The Difference Between a MIB and a Database

177

(1)

The Relationship Between MIBs and Management Protocols

178

(2)

MIB Definitions

180

(9)

Of Schema and Metaschema

181

(2)

The Impact of the Metaschema on the Schema

183

(1)

Metaschema Modeling Paradigms

184

(1)

Matching Management Information and Metaschema

185

(1)

A Simple Modeling Example

186

(3)

Encoding Management Information

189

(1)

Anatomy of a MIB

189

(13)

Structure of Management Information---Overview

190

(3)

An Example: MIB-2

193

(6)

Instantiation in an Actual MIB

199

(3)

Special MIB Considerations to Address SNMP Protocol Deficits

202

(1)

Modeling Management Information

202

(3)

Chapter Summary

205

(1)

Chapter Review

206

(3)

Management Communication Patterns: Rules of Conversation

209

(40)

Layers of Management Interactions

209

(7)

Transport

211

(1)

Remote Operations

211

(3)

Management Operations

214

(1)

Management Services

215

(1)

Manager-Initiated Interactions---Request and Response

216

(20)

Information Retrieval---Polling and Polling-Based Management

218

(1)

Requests for Configuration Information

218

(1)

Requests for Operational Data and State Information

219

(4)

Bulk Requests and Incremental Operations

223

(1)

Historical Information

224

(2)

Configuration Operations

226

(1)

Failure Recovery

227

(1)

Response Size and Request Scoping

228

(1)

Dealing with Configuration Files

229

(1)

Actions

230

(2)

Management Transactions

232

(4)

Agent-Initiated Interactions: Events and Event-Based Management

236

(10)

Event Taxonomy

237

(1)

Alarms

238

(1)

Configuration-Change Events

239

(2)

Threshold-Crossing Alerts

241

(2)

The Case for Event-Based Management

243

(1)

Reliable Events

244

(1)

On the Difference Between ``Management'' and ``Control''

245

(1)

Chapter Summary

246

(1)

Chapter Review

247

(2)

Common Management Protocols: Languages of Management

249

(44)

SNMP: Classic and Perennial Favorite

249

(12)

SNMP ``Classic,'' a.k.a. SNMPv1

250

(1)

SNMP Operations

250

(7)

SNMP Messages and Message Structure

257

(1)

SNMPv2/SNMPv2c

258

(2)

SNMPv3

260

(1)

CLI: Management Protocol of Broken Dreams

261

(6)

CLI Overview

261

(4)

Use of CLI as a Management Protocol

265

(2)

syslog: The CLI Notification Sidekick

267

(8)

syslog Overview

268

(2)

syslog Protocol

270

(2)

syslog Deployment

272

(3)

Netconf: A Management Protocol for a New Generation

275

(9)

Netconf Datastores

275

(2)

Netconf and XML

277

(1)

Netconf Architecture

278

(3)

Netconf Operations

281

(3)

Netflow and IPFIX: ``Check, Please,'' or, All the Data, All the Time

284

(4)

IP Flows

284

(2)

Netflow Protocol

286

(2)

Chapter Summary

288

(3)

Chapter Review

291

(2)

Management Organization: Dividing the Labor

293

(36)

Scaling Network Management

294

(18)

Management Complexity

294

(1)

Build Complexity

295

(2)

Runtime Complexity

297

(1)

Management Hierarchies

298

(1)

Subcontracting Management Tasks

299

(2)

Deployment Aspects

301

(3)

Management Styles

304

(1)

Management by Delegation

304

(4)

Management by Objectives and Policy-Based Management

308

(4)

Management by Exception

312

(1)

Management Mediation

312

(14)

Mediation Between Management Transports

316

(1)

Mediation Between Management Protocols

316

(2)

Mediation of Management Information at the Syntactic Level

318

(1)

Example: A Syslog-to-SNMP Management Gateway

318

(1)

Example: An SNMP-to-OO Management Gateway

319

(2)

Limitations of Syntactic Information Mediation

321

(2)

Mediation of Management Information at the Semantic Level

323

(1)

Stateful Mediation

323

(3)

Chapter Summary

326

(1)

Chapter Review

327

(2)

Part IV Applied Network Management

329

(104)

Management Integration: Putting the Pieces Together

331

(42)

The Need for Management Integration

332

(10)

Benefits of Integrated Management

332

(2)

Nontechnical Considerations for Management Integration

334

(2)

Different Perspectives on Management Integration Needs

336

(1)

The Equipment Vendor Perspective

336

(2)

The Enterprise Perspective

338

(1)

The Service Provider Perspective

339

(1)

Integration Scope and Complexity

340

(2)

Management Integration Challenges

342

(9)

Managed Domain

343

(2)

Software Architecture

345

(1)

Challenges from Application Requirements

345

(1)

Challenges from Conflicting Software Architecture Goals

346

(2)

Eierlegende Wollmilchsaun and One-Size-Fits-All Management Systems

348

(1)

Quantifying Management Integration Complexity

348

(1)

Scale Complexity

349

(1)

Heterogeneity Complexity

349

(1)

Function Complexity

350

(1)

Approaches to Management Integration

351

(17)

Adapting Integration Approach and Network Provider Organization

352

(3)

Platform Approach

355

(1)

Common Platform Infrastructure

356

(3)

Typical Platform Application Functionality

359

(1)

Custom Integration Approach

360

(1)

Solution Philosophy and Challenges

360

(2)

Considerations for Top-Down Solution Design

362

(3)

Component Integration Levels and Bottom-Up Solution Design

365

(2)

The Role of Standardization and Information Models

367

(1)

Containing Complexity of the Managed Domain

368

(2)

Chapter Summary

370

(1)

Chapter Review

371

(2)

Service Level Management: Knowing What You Pay For

373

(34)

The Motivation for Service Level Agreements

374

(2)

Identification of Service Level Parameters

376

(6)

Significance

377

(1)

A Brief Detour: Service Level Relationships Between Layered Communication Services

377

(2)

Example: Voice Service Level Parameters

379

(2)

Relevance

381

(1)

Measurability

381

(1)

Defining a Service Level Agreement

382

(1)

Definition of Service Level Objectives

382

(7)

Tracking Service Level Objectives

384

(2)

Dealing with Service Level Violations

386

(2)

Managing for a Service Level

388

(1)

Decomposing Service Level Parameters

389

(13)

Planning Networks for a Given Service Level

392

(1)

Dimensioning Networks to Meet Service Level Objectives

393

(1)

Managing Oversubscription Risk

394

(2)

Network Maintenance Considerations

396

(1)

Service Level Monitoring---Setting Up Early Warning Systems

397

(1)

Monitoring Service Level Parameters

397

(1)

Anticipating Problems Before They Occur

398

(2)

Service Level Statistics---It's Fingerpointin' Good

400

(2)

Chapter Summary

402

(1)

Chapter Review

403

(4)

Management Metrics: Assessing Management Impact and Effectiveness

407

(26)

Network Management Business Impact

408

(3)

Cost of Ownership

408

(1)

Enabling of Revenues

409

(1)

Network Availability

410

(1)

Trading Off the Benefits and Costs of Network Management Investments

410

(1)

Factors that Determine Management Effectiveness

411

(7)

Managed Technology---Manageability

412

(4)

Management Systems and Operations Support Infrastructure

416

(2)

Management Organization

418

(1)

Assessing Network Management Effectiveness

418

(12)

Management Metrics to Track Business Impact

419

(4)

Management Metrics to Track Contribution to Management Effectiveness

423

(1)

Metrics for Complexity of Operational Tasks

423

(2)

Metrics for Scale

425

(1)

Other Metrics

426

(1)

Developing Your Own Management Benchmark

427

(1)

Assessing and Tracking the State of Management

428

(2)

Using Metrics to Direct Management Investment

430

(1)

Chapter Summary

430

(1)

Chapter Review

431

(2)

Part V Appendixes

433

(2)

Appendix A Answers to Chapter Reviews

435

(28)

Appendix B Further Reading

463

(12)

Glossary

475

(13)

Index

488

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Network Management Fundamentals

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials