Oxford Textbook of Critical Care

Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit.

The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making.

Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.

Andrew Webb, Vice President, Quality and Medical Affairs, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Canada,Derek Angus, Professor of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine, Health Policy & Management and Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health,Simon Finfer, Professor of Critical Care, University of New South Wales,Luciano Gattioni, Professor of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Mervyn Singer, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, UK

Dr Andrew Webb is Vice President, Quality and Medical Affairs, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Canada
Prior to this position, Dr. Webb was a Clinical Professor in the Department of Medicine at UBC and VP Medicine for the Fraser Health Authority where he provided executive leadership and strategic oversight to the quality and safety of clinical care, including Infection Control, Risk Management and Legal Services. He also provided physician leadership, and oversees the development of research and education. In addition to his appointment as Special Advisor to the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, he holds a similar appointment at Simon Fraser University. As a Consultant Physician in Critical Care Medicine he was instrumental in building academic critical care as a medical area. He is author of 75 papers and reviews, seven textbooks, 22 book chapters.

Dr. Angus is Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Health System. He holds secondary appointments in Medicine, Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science. He completed his medical school and residency training at the University of Glasgow and fellowship training at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Angus' research, funded principally by the NIH, focuses on clinical, epidemiologic and translational studies of sepsis, pneumonia, and multisystem organ failure and on health services research of the organization and delivery of critical care services. He has published several hundred papers, is section editor for "Caring for the Critically Ill" for JAMA, and the recipient of numerous awards.

Dr Finfer is a practicing critical care physician with an appointment as a Senior Staff Specialist at Royal North Shore Hospital and Director of Intensive Care at the Sydney Adventist Hospital. He is an Adjunct Professor at the University of New South Wales Medical School, a past-Chair of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group. He is a council member of the International Sepsis Forum, the Global Sepsis Alliance, and a member of the World Sepsis Day Steering Committee. Dr Finfer is a Professorial Fellow in the Critical Care and Trauma Division at The George Institute for global Health. He is active in forging major international research collaborations that have conducted large scale clinical trials. Simon is also an Editor of the Critical Care Section for The Oxford Textbook of Medicine (6th Ed.), and was a Critical Care guest editor for The New England Journal of Medicine from 2011 to 2014.

Professor Luciano Gattiononi is Professor of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. His research is focused on the pathophisiology and treatment of acute respiratory failure, including prone positioning, sepsis and acid base disorders. He has published more than 200 research articles and reviews in peer reviewed journal. In the early 1980's he worked on the quantitative analysis of thoracic CT imaging, culminating in the "baby lung" (1980s) and lung recrutability (2000s) concepts. He was awarded with the Life Time Achievement Award by the American Society of Anesthesiology and is Honorary Member of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

Mervyn Singer is Professor of Intensive Care Medicine at University College London. His primary research interests are sepsis and multi-organ failure, infection, shock and haemodynamic monitoring. He developed an oesophageal Doppler haemodynamic monitor that is now in widespread use worldwide, the use of which has been shown in multiple studies to improve outcomes after major surgery and reduce length of stay. He has led on a number of important multi-centre trials in critical care. He has authored various papers and textbooks including the Oxford Handbook of Critical Care, now in its 3rd Edition, and is a Council member of the International Sepsis Forum. He was the first UK intensivist to be awarded Senior Investigator status by the National Institute for Health Research, and to be invited to give plenary lectures at the European and US Intensive Care Congress.

Section 1: ICU Organisation and Management: The Intensive Care Unit
Part 1.1: The Intensive Care Unit
1. Design of the ICU
2. Staffing models in the ICU
3. Rapid response teams for the critically ill
4. In-hospital transfer of the critically ill
5. Pre- and inter-hospital transfer of the critically ill and injured
6. Regional critical care delivery systems
7. Integration of information technology in the ICU
8. Multiple casualties and disaster response in critical care
9. Management of pandemic critical illness
Part 1.2: Communication
10. Effective teamwork in the ICU
11. Communication with patients and families in the ICU
12. Telemedicine in critical care
Part 1.3: Training
13. Clinical skills in critical care
14. Simulation training for critical care
15. Leadership skills in the ICU
Part 1.4: Safety and Quality
16. Patient safety in the ICU
17. Policies, bundles and protocols in critical care
18. Managing biohazards and environmental safety
19. Managing ICU staff welfare, morale and burnout
Part 1.5: Governance
20. ICU admission and discharge criteria
21. Resource management and budgeting in critical care
22. Costs and cost-effectiveness in critical care
Part 1.6: Research
23. Evidence-based practice in critical care
24. Research ethics in the ICU
Part 1.7: Medico-legal and ethical issues
25. Informed consent in the ICU
26. Patient rights in the ICU
27. Medico-legal liability in critical care
Part 1.8: Critical Illness Risk Prediction
28. The role and limitations of scoring systems
29. Severity of illness scoring systems
30. Organ failure scoring
31. Genetic and molecular expression patterns in critical illness
Section 2: Pharmacotherapeutics
Part 2.1: Respiratory drugs
32. Oxygen in critical illness
33. Bronchodilators in critical illness
34. Vasopressors in critical illness
35. Vasodilators in critical illness
36. Inotropic agents in critical illness
37. Anti-anginal agents in critical illness
38. Anti-arrhythmics in critical illness
39. Pulmonary vasodilators in critical illness
Part 2.3: Gastrointestinal drugs
40. Gastrointestinal motility drugs in critical illness
41. Stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment drugs in critical illness
Part 2.4: Nervous system drugs
42. Sedatives and anti-anxiety agents in critical illness
43. Analgesics in critical illness
44. Antidepressants in critical illness
45. Antiseizure agents in critical illness
46. Inhalational anaesthetic agents in critical illness
47. Muscle relaxants in critical illness
48. Neuroprotective agents in critical illness
Part 2.5: Hormonal drugs
49. Hormone therapies in critical illness
50. Insulin and oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents in critical illness
Part 2.6: Haematological drugs
51. Anticoagulants and antithrombotics in critical illness
52. Haemostatic agents in critical illness
Part 2.7: Antimicrobial and immunological drugs
53. Antimicrobial drugs in critical illness
54. Steroids in critical illness
55. Immunotherapy in critical illness
Part 2.8: Fluids and diuretics
56. Colloids in critical illness
57. Crystalloids in critical illness
58. Diuretics in critical illness
Section 3: Resuscitation
Part 3.1: Respiratory management
59. Airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
60. Artificial ventilation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Part 3.2: Circulatory management
61. Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac arrest
62. Cardiac massage and blood flow management during cardiac arrest
63. Defibrillation and pacing during cardiac arrest
64. Therapeutic strategies in managing cardiac arrest
65. Post-cardiac arrest arrhythmias
66. Management after resuscitation from cardiac arrest
67. Ethical and end-of-life issues after cardiac arrest
Part 3.3: Fluid Management
68. Physiology of body fluids
69. Choice of resuscitation fluid
70. Therapeutic goals of fluid resuscitation
Section 4: The Respiratory System
Part 4.1: Physiology
71. Normal physiology of the respiratory system
Part 4.2: Respiratory monitoring
72. Blood gas analysis in the critically ill
73. Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU
74. Respiratory system compliance and resistance in the critically ill
75. Gas exchange principles in the critically ill
76. Gas exchange assessment in the critically ill
77. Respiratory muscle function in the critically ill
78. Imaging the respiratory system in the critically ill
Part 4.3: Upper airway obstruction
79. Upper airway obstruction in the critically ill
Part 4.4: Airway access
80. Standard intubation in the ICU
81. The difficult intubation in the ICU
82. The surgical airway in the ICU
Part 4.5: Acute respiratory failure
83. Dyspnoea in the critically ill
84. Pulmonary mechanical dysfunction in the critically ill
85. Hypoxaemia in the critically ill
86. Hypercapnia in the critically ill
87. Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failure
Part 4.6: Ventilatory support
88. Physiology of positive-pressure ventilation
89. Respiratory support with continuous positive airways pressure
90. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation
91. Indications for mechanical ventilation
92. Design and function of mechanical ventilators
93. Setting rate, volume, and time in ventilatory support
94. Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure
95. Volume-controlled mechanical ventilation
96. Pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation
97. Pressure support ventilation
98. High-frequency ventilation and oscillation
99. Prone positioning in the ICU
100. Failure to ventilate in critical illness
101. Ventilator trauma in the critically ill
Part 4.7: Weaning ventilatory support
102. Assessment and technique of weaning
103. Weaning failure in critical illness
Part 4.8: Extracorporeal support
104. Extracorporeal respiratory and cardiac support techniques in the ICU
105. Treating respiratory failure with extracorporeal support in the ICU
Part 4.9: Aspiration and inhalation
106. Aspiration of gastric contents in the critically ill
107. Inhalation injury in the ICU
Part 4.10: Acute respiratory distress syndrome
108. Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome
109. Therapeutic strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Part 4.11: Airflow limitation
110. Pathophysiology and causes of airflow limitation
111. Therapeutic approach to bronchospasm and asthma
112. Therapeutic strategy in acute or chronic airflow limitation
Part 4.12: Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
113. Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory acidosis
114. Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory alkalosis
Part 4.13: Pneumonia
115. Pathophysiology of pneumonia
116. Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia
117. Diagnosis and management of nosocomial pneumonia
118. Diagnosis and management of atypical pneumonia
Part 4.14: Atelectasis and sputum retention
119. Pathophysiology and prevention of sputum retention
120. Lung recruitment techniques in the ICU
121. Chest physiotherapy and tracheobronchial suction in the ICU
122. Toilet bronchoscopy in the ICU
Part 4.15: Pleural cavity disorders
123. Pathophysiology of pleural cavity disorders
124. Management of pneumothorax and bronchial fistulae
125. Management of pleural effusion and haemothorax
Part 4.16: Hemoptysis
126. Pathophysiology and causes of haemoptysis
127. Therapeutic approach in haemoptysis
Section 5: The Cardiovascular System
Part 5.1: Physiology
128. Normal physiology of the cardiovascular system
Part 5.2: Cardiovascular monitoring
129. ECG monitoring in the ICU
130. Arterial and venous cannulation in the ICU
131. Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU
132. Central venous pressure monitoring in the ICU
133. Pulmonary artery catheterization in the ICU
134. Mixed and central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the ICU
135. Right ventricular function in the ICU
136. Cardiac output assessment in the ICU
137. Oxygen transport in the critically ill
138. Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICU
139. Lactate monitoring in the ICU
140. Measurement of extravascular lung water in the ICU
141. Doppler echocardiography in the ICU
142. Monitoring the microcirculation in the ICU
143. Imaging the cardiovascular system in the ICU
Part 5.3: Acute chest pain and coronary syndromes
144. Causes and diagnosis of chest pain
145. Pathophysiology of coronary syndromes
146. Diagnosis and management of non-STEMI coronary syndromes
147. Diagnosis and management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Part 5.4: Aortic dissection
148. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissection
Part 5.5: The hypotensive patient
149. Pathophysiology of shock
150. Diagnosis and management of shock in the ICU
Part 5.6: Cardiac failure
151. Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac failure
152. Therapeutic strategy in cardiac failure
153. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the ICU
154. Ventricular assist devices in the ICU
Part 5.7: Tachyarrhythmias
155. Causes and diagnosis of tachyarrythmias
156. Therapeutic strategy in tachyarrhythmias
Part 5.8: Bradyarrhythmias
157. Causes, diagnosis and therapeutic strategy in bradyarrhythmias
Part 5.9: Valvular problems
158. Causes and diagnosis of valvular problems
159. Therapeutic strategy in valvular problems
Part 5.10: Endocarditis
160. Pathophysiology and causes of endocarditis
161. Prevention and treatment of endocarditis
Part 5.11: Severe hypertension
162. Pathophysiology and causes of severe hypertension
163. Management of severe hypertension in the ICU
Part 5.12: Severe capillary leak
164. Pathophysiology of severe capillary leak
165. Management of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Part 5.13: Pericardial tamponade
166. Pathophysiology and causes of pericardial tamponade
167. Management of pericardial tamponade
Part 5.14: Pulmonary hypertension
168. Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary hypertension
169. Diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension
Part 5.15: Pulmonary embolus
170. Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary embolus
171. Diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolus
Section 6: The Gastrointestinal System
Part 6.1: Physiology
172. Normal physiology of the gastrointestinal system
173. Normal physiology of the hepatic system
Part 6.2: Gastrointestinal monitoring
174. Imaging the abdomen in the critically ill
175. Hepatic function in the critically ill
Part 6.3: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
176. Pathophysiology and causes of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
177. Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically ill
178. Diagnosis and management of variceal bleeding in the critically ill
179. Pathophysiology and causes of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage
180. Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically ill
Part 6.4: Disordered gastric motility
181. Vomiting and large nasogastric aspirates in the critically ill
182. Ileus and obstruction in the critically ill
183. Diarrhoea and constipation in the critically ill
Part 6.5: The acute abdomen in the ICU
184. Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically ill
185. Perforated viscus in the critically ill
186. Ischaemic bowel in the critically ill
187. Intra-abdominal sepsis in the critically ill
188. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill
189. Management of the open abdomen and abdominal fistulae in the critically ill
Part 6.6: Pancreatitis
190. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment of acute pancreatitis
191. Management of acute pancreatitis in the critically ill
Part 6.7: Jaundice
192. Pathophysiology and causes of jaundice in the critically ill
193. Management of jaundice in the critically ill
Part 6.8: Acute hepatic failure
194. Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure
195. Diagnosis and assessment of acute hepatic failure in the critically ill
196. Management of acute hepatic failure in the critically ill
197. The effect of acute hepatic failure on drug handling in the critically ill
198. Extracorporeal liver support devices in the ICU
Part 6.9: Acute on chronic hepatic failure
199. 199: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment of acute or chronic hepatic failure
200. Management of acute or chronic hepatic failure in the critically ill
Section 7: Nutrition
Part 7.1: Physiology
201. Normal physiology of nutrition
202. The metabolic and nutritional response to critical illness
Part 7.2: Nutritional failure
203. Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill
204. Assessing nutritional status in the ICU
205. Indirect calorimetry in the ICU
206. Enteral nutrition in the ICU
207. Parenteral nutrition in the ICU
Section 8: The Renal System
Part 8.1: Physiology
208. Normal physiology of the renal system
Part 8.2: Renal monitoring and risk prediction
209. Monitoring renal function in the critically ill
210. Imaging the urinary tract in the critically ill
Part 8.3: Oliguria and acute kidney injury
211. Pathophysiology of oliguria and acute kidney injury
212. Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury
213. Management of oliguria and acute kidney injury in the critically ill
Part 8.4: Renal replacement techniques
214. Continuous haemofiltration techniques in the critically ill
215. Haemodialysis in the critically ill
216. Peritoneal dialysis in the critically ill
Part 8.5: Established renal failure
217. The effect of renal failure on drug handling in critical illness
218. The effect of chronic renal failure on critical illness
Section 9: The Neurological System
Part 9.1: Anatomy and physiology
219. Normal anatomy and physiology of the brain
220. Normal anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Part 9.2: Neurological monitoring
221. Electroencephalogram monitoring in the critically ill
222. Cerebral bloodflow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill
223. Intracranial pressure monitoring in the ICU
224. Imaging the central nervous system in the critically ill
Part 9.3: Sleep disturbance
225. Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy for sleep disturbance in the ICU
Part 9.4: Agitation, confusion and delirium
226. Causes and epidemiology of agitation, confusion and delirium in the ICU
227. Assessment and therapeutic strategy for agitation, confusion and delirium in the ICU
Part 9.5: The unconscious patient
228. Causes and diagnosis of unconsciousness
229. Management of unconsciousness in the ICU
230. Non-pharmacological neuroprotection in the ICU
Part 9.6: Seizures
231. Pathophysiology and causes of seizures
232. Assessment and management of seizures in the critically ill
Part 9.7: Intracranial hypertension
233. Causes and management of intracranial hypertension
Part 9.8: Stroke
234. Epidemiology of stroke
235. Diagnosis and assessment of stroke
236. Management of ischaemic stroke
237. Management of parenchymal haemorrhage
Part 9.9: Non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
238. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment on non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
239. Management of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in the critically ill
Part 9.10: Meningitis and encephalitis
240. Epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment of meningitis and encephalitis
241. Management of meningitis and encephalitis in the critically ill
Part 9.11: Non-traumatic spinal injury
242. Pathophysiology, causes, and management of non-traumatic spinal injury
Part 9.12: Neuromuscular syndromes
243. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of neuromuscular syndromes
244. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of myasthenia gravis and paramyasthenic syndromes
245. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies and botulism
246. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome
247. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of hyperthermic crises
248. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of ICU acquired weakness
Section 10: The Metabolic and Endocrine Systems
Part 10.1: Physiology
249. Normal physiology of the endocrine system
Part 10.2: Electrolyte disturbance
250. Disorders of sodium in the critically ill
251. Disorders of potassium in the critically ill
252. Disorders of magnesium in the critically ill
253. Disorders of calcium in the critically ill
254. Disorders of phosphate in the critically ill
Part 10.3: Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis
255. Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill
256. Management of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill
257. Pathophysiology, causes, and management of metabolic alkalosis in the critically ill
Part 10.4: Blood glucose control
258. Pathophysiology of glucose control
259. Glycaemic control in critical illness
260. Management of diabetic emergencies in the critically ill
Part 10.5: Endocrine disorders
261. Pathophysiology and management of adrenal disorders in the critically ill
262. Pathophysiology and management of pituitary disorders in the critically ill
263. Pathophysiology and management of thyroid disorders in the critically ill
264. Pathophysiology and management of functional endocrine tumours in the critically ill
Section 11: The Haematological System
Part 11.1: Laboratory monitoring
265. The blood cells and blood count
266. Coagulation monitoring
Part 11.2: Haematological therapies
267. Blood product therapy in the ICU
268. Apheresis in the ICU
Part 11.3: Disordered coagulation
269. Pathophysiology of disordered coagulation
270. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the critically ill
271. Prevention and management of thrombosis in the critically ill
272. Thrombocytopenia in the critically ill
Part 11.4: Disorders of the blood cells
273. Pathophysiology and management of anaemia in the critically ill
274. Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically ill
275. Sickle crisis in the critically ill
Section 12: The Skin and Connective Tissue
Part 12.1: Skin and connective tissue disorders
276. Assessment and management of dermatological problems in the critically ill
277. Vasculitis in the critically ill
278. Rheumatoid arthritis in the critically ill
Part 12.2: Wound and pressure sore management
279. Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICU
280. Dressing techniques for wounds in the critically ill
Section 13: Infection
Part 13.1: Diagnosis and surveillance
281. Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill
282. Novel biomarkers of infection in the critically ill
Part 13.2: Nosocomial infection
283. Definition, epidemiology and general management of nosocomial infection
284. Healthcare worker screening for nosocomial pathogens
285. Environmental decontamination and isolation strategies in the ICU
286. Antimicrobial selection policies in the ICU
287. Oral, nasopharyngeal and gut decontamination in the ICU
288. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU
289. Antibiotic resistance in the ICU
Part 13.3: Infection in the immunocompromised
290. Drug-induced depression of immunity in the critically ill
291. HIV in the critically ill
Part 13.4: Tropical diseases
292. Diagnosis and management of malaria in the ICU
293. Diagnosis and management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the ICU
294. Other tropical diseases in the ICU
Part 13.5: Sepsis
295. Assessment of sepsis in the critically ill
296. Management of sepsis in the critically ill
297. Pathophysiology of septic shock
298. Management of septic shock in the critically ill
Section 14: Inflammation
Part 14.1: Physiology
299. Innate immunity and the inflammatory cascade
Part 14.2: Organ-specific biomarkers
300. Brain injury biomarkers in the critically ill
301. Cardiac injury biomarkers in the critically ill
302. Renal injury biomarkers in the critically ill
Part 14.3: Host response
303. The host response to infection in the critically ill
304. The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill
305. The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill
306. Host-pathogen interactions in the critically ill
307. Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
308. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill
309. Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness
310. Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness
311. Adaptive immunity in critical illness
312. Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill
313. Immunoparesis in the critically ill
Part 14.4: Anaphylaxis
314. Pathophysiology and management of anaphylaxis in the critically ill
Section 15: Poisoning
Part 15.1: Principles of management
315. Role of toxicology assessment in poisoning
316. Decontamination and enhanced elimination of poisons
Part 15.2: Management of specific poisons
317. Management of salicylate poisoning
318. Management of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisonin
319. Management of opioid poisoning
320. Management of benzodiazepine poisoning
321. Management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning
322. Management of amphetamine or ecstasy
323. Management of digoxin poisoning
324. Management of cocaine poisoning
325. Management of beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning
326. Management of cyanide poisoning
327. Management of alcohol poisoning
328. Management of carbon monoxide poisoning
329. Management of corrosive poisoning
330. Management of pesticide and agricultural chemical poisoning
331. Management of radiation poisoning
Section 16: Trauma
Part 16.1: Multiple trauma
332. A systematic approach to the injured patient
333. Pathophysiology and management of thoracic injury
334. Pathophysiology and management of abdominal injury
335. Management of vascular injuries
336. Management of limb and pelvic injuries
337. Assessment and management of fat embolism
338. Assessment and management of combat trauma
Part 16.2: Ballistic trauma
339. Pathophysiology of ballistic trauma
340. Assessment and management of ballistic trauma
Part 16.3: Traumatic brain injury
341. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
342. Assessment of traumatic brain injury
343. Management of traumatic brain injury
Part 16.4 Spinal cord injury
344. Assessment and immediate management of spinal cord injury
345. Ongoing management of the tetraplegic patient in the ICU
Part 16.5: Burns
346. Pathophysiology and assessment of burns
347. Management of burns in the ICU
Section 17: Physical Disorders
Part 17.1: Drowning
348. Pathophysiology and management of drowning
Part 17.2: Electrocoution
349. Pathophysiology and management of electrocution
Part 17.3: Altitude- and depth-related disorders
350. Pathophysiology and management of altitude related disorders
351. Pathophysiology and management of depth related disorders
352. Pathophysiology and management of fever
353. Pathophysiology and management of hyperthermia
354. Pathophysiology and management of hypothermia
Part 17.4: Rhabdomyolysis
355. Pathophysiology and management of rhabdomyolysis
Section 18: Pain and Sedation
Part 18.1: Pain
356. Pathophysiology and assessment of pain
357. Pain management in the critically ill
Part 18.2: Sedation
358. Sedation assessment in the critically ill
359. Management of sedation in the critically ill
Section 19: General Surgical and Obstetric Intensive Care
Part 19.1: Optimisation strategies for the high-risk surgical patient
360. Identification of the high-risk surgical patient
361. Peri-operative optimisation of the high risk surgical patient
Part 19.2: General post-operative intensive care
362. Post-operative ventilatory dysfunction management in the ICU
363. Post-operative fluid and circulatory management in the ICU
364. Surgical enhanced recovery programmes in the ICU
Part 19.3: Obstetric intensive care
365. Obstetric physiology and special considerations in ICU
366. Pathophysiology and management of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome
367. Pathophysiology and management of critical illness in pregnancy
Section 20: Specialized Intensive Care
Part 20.1: Specialized surgical intensive care
368. Intensive care management after cardiothoracic surgery
369. Intensive care management after neurosurgery
370. Intensive care management after vascular surgery
371. Intensive care management in hepatic and other abdominal organ transplantation
372. Intensive care management in cardiac transplantation
373. Intensive care management in lung transplantation
Part 20.2: Oncological intensive care
374. ICU selection and outcome of patients with haematologic malignancy
375. Management of the bone marrow transplant recipient in ICU
376. Management of oncological complications in the ICU
Section 21: Recovery From Critical Illness
Part 21.1: In hospital recovery from critical illness
377. Chronic critical illness
378. Promoting physical recovery in critical illness
379. Promoting renal recovery in critical illness
380. Recovering from critical illness in hospital
Part 21.2: Complications of critical illness
381. Physical consequences of critical illness
382. Neurocognitive impairment after critical illness
383. Affective and mood disorders after critical illness
Part 21.3: Out-of-hospital support after critical illness
384. Long-term weaning centres in critical care
385. The ICU survivor clinic
386. Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital discharge
Section 22: End Of Life Care
Part 22.1: Withdrawing and withholding treatment
387. Ethical decision making in withdrawing and withholding treatment
388. Management of the dying patient
Part 22.2: Management of the potential organ donor
389. Beating heart organ donation
390. Non-beating heart organ donation
Part 22.3: Post-mortem diagnosis
391. Post-mortem examination in the ICU