The Brain Atlas A Visual Guide to the Human Central Nervous System

Dorian J. Pritchard is former lecturer in Human Genetics, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK and former Visiting Lecturer in Medical Genetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Bruce Korf is Wayne H. and Sara Crews Finley Chair in Medical Genetics, Professor and Chair, Department of Genetics, and Director of the Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.

Acknowledgments

PART I

Introduction

Overview  

The Nervous System  

Cells  

Gray Matter/White Matter  

Connections  

CNS/PNS  

Constitution of the CNS  

Principal Divisions of the Brain  

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Segments  

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Its Circulation  

Cortical Areas  

Using This Book  

Terminology  

Terms of Relation—The Special Case of the Human Head  

Labels  

Image Groups

Pathways

Navigation  

Materials and Methods  

Subjects  

Brain Specimens  

Radiological Imaging

References

PART II

The CNS and Its Blood Vessels

Brain

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri—Lateral Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; Arteries of the Insula and Lateral Sulcus; Arterial Territories—Lateral Aspect 

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri—Mesial Aspect

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; Arterial Territories —Mesial Aspect 

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries; by Conventional Angiography; by MRA—Lateral Projection 

Dural Venous Sinuses and Folds (Diagrammatic); by Conventional Angiography; by MRV—Lateral Projection 

Cerebral Hemispheres, Brain Stem and Arteries; by MRA—Anterior Aspect 

Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem Arteries and Veins by Conventional Angiography and Veins by MRV—Posteroanterior Projections 

Cerebral Hemispheres and Brain Stem; Sulci and Gyri–—Inferior Aspect 

Cerebral Hemispheres and Brain Stem: Arteries and Cranial Nerves; Arterial Territories; Axial MRA—Inferior Aspect 

Brain Stem 

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum—Anterolateral Aspect 

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum; Arteries and Cranial Nerves —Anterolateral Aspect 

Brain Stem, Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum; Arterial Territories—Anterolateral Aspect

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum—Anterior Aspect 

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum—Posterior Aspect 

Brain Stem, Thalamus, and Striatum—Lateral Aspect 

Cerebellum 

Cerebellum—Superior Surface 

Cerebellum—Inferior Surface 

Spinal Cord 

Arteries to Spinal Cord (Diagrammatic) 

Segmental Arterial Supply of Spinal Cord (Diagrammatic) 

Fiber Bundles 

Principal Fiber Bundles in Cerebral Hemisphere and Brain Stem (Semi-Schematic)—Lateral and Mesial Aspects 

Principal Fiber Bundles in Coronal, Axial, and Sagittal Brain Sections (Semi-Schematic) 

PART III

Brain Slices

Coronal Sections

Coronal Section Through Rostral Wall of Lateral Ventricle with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Anterior Limit of Putamen with MRI

Coronal Section Through Head of Caudate Nucleus and Putamen with MRI

Coronal Section Through Anterior Limit of Amygdala with Vessel TerritoriesCoronal Section Through Tuber Cinereum with MRI

Coronal Section Through Interventricular Foramen (Foramen of Monro) with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus with MRI

Coronal Section Through Mamillothalamic Tract (Fasciculus) with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Mamillary Bodies with MRI

Coronal Section Through Subthalamic Nucleus with Vessel Territories

Coronal Section Through Posterior Limit of Interpeduncular Fossa with MRI

Coronal Section Through Posterior Commissure with Vessel Territories  

Coronal Section Through Commissure of Superior Colliculi with MRI  

Coronal Section Through Quadrigeminal Plate with Vessel Territories  

Coronal Section Through Fourth Ventricle (IV) with MRI  

Coronal Section Through Posterior Limit of Hippocampus with Vessel Territories  

Coronal Section Through Posterior Horns of Lateral Ventricles with MRI  

Sagittal Sections  

Sagittal Section Through Superior, Middle, and Inferior Temporal Gyri with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Insula with MRI  

Sagittal Section Through Claustrum and Lateral Putamen with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Lateral Putamen with MRI  

Sagittal Section Through Termination of Optic Tract with MRI  

Sagittal Section Through Pulvinar with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Ambient Cistern with MRI

Sagittal Section Through Olfactory Tract with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body) with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Superior Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Conjunctivum) with MRI  

Sagittal Section Through Red Nucleus with Vessel Territories  

Sagittal Section Through Cerebral Aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius) with MRI 

Axial Sections 

Axial Section Through Superior Caudate Nucleus with MRI 

Axial Section Through Inferior Corpus Callosum with Vessel Territories 

Axial Section Through Superior Putamen with MRI

Axial Section Through Putamen with Vessel Territories 

Axial Section Through Frontoparietal Opercula with MRI 

Axial Section Through Midlevel Diencephalon with Vessel Territories 

Axial Section Through Anterior Commissure with MRI 

Axial Section Through Habenular Commissure with Vessel Territories 

Axial Section Through Superior Colliculi with MRI 

Axial Section Through Anterior Perforated Substance with Vessel Territories 

Axial Section Through Inferior Colliculi with MRI 

PART IV

Histological Sections

Cerebellum  

Horizontal Section Through

Fastigial Nucleus  

Horizontal Section Through

Dentate Nucleus  

Brain Stem  

Transverse Section Through Superior Colliculus with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Oculomotor Nucleus  

Transverse Section Through Inferior Colliculus with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Superior Pons and Isthmus  

Transverse Section Through Middle Pons with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Facial Genu with MRI  

Transverse Section Through Vestibulocochlear Nerve Root with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Glossopharyngeal Nerve Root with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Fourth Ventricle with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Hypoglossal Nucleus with MRI  

Transverse Section Through Inferior Olive with Vessel Territories  

Transverse Section Through Decussation of Pyramids  

Spinal Cord 

Transverse Section Through Upper Cervical Level with Vessel Territories 

Transverse Section Through Cervical Enlargement with MRI 

Transverse Section Through Thoracic Level with Vessel Territories 

Transverse Section Through Lumbar Enlargement with Vessel Territories 

Transverse Section Through Sacral Level 

Basal Ganglia and Thalamus 

Coronal Section Through Nucleus Accumbens 

Coronal Section Through Optic Chiasm 

Coronal Section Through Anterior Commisure 

Coronal Section Through Anterior Thalamic Tubercle 

Coronal Section Through Mamillothalamic Tract 

Coronal Section Through H Fields of Forel 

Coronal Section Through Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus 

Coronal Section Through Pulvinar 

Hypothalamus 

Coronal Section Through Optic Chiasm; Coronal Section Through Pituitary Stalk 

Coronal Section Through Interthalamic Adhesion; Coronal Section Through Mamillary Bodies 

Basal Forebrain 

Coronal Section Through Olfactory Trigone and Nucleus Basalis 

Hippocampus 

Coronal Section Through Body Of  Hippocampus 

PART V

Pathways

Brain Stem

General Organization of Spinal Cord Gray Matter

General Organization of Cranial Nerve Gray Matter

Sensory Cranial Nerves and Nuclei

Motor Cranial Nerves and Nuclei

Organization of Cranial Nerve Nuclei into Columns—Posterior Aspect

Organization of Cranial Nerve Nuclei into Columns—Anterior Aspect

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Sensory Systems

Touch and Position Sense Pathways: Posterior (Dorsal) Column/Medial Lemniscus and Trigeminal Main Sensory Nucleus

Touch Pathways: Anterior and Lateral Spinothalamic Tracts and Trigeminal Spinal Nucleus

Pain Pathways

Touch Pathways: Head and Face

Taste Pathways

Visual Pathways

Olfactory Pathways

Auditory Pathways R

Sensory/Motor Systems 

Vestibular Pathways 

Motor Systems 

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) and Corticobulbar Pathways 

Rubrospinal and Tectospinal Pathways

Reticulospinal Pathways 

Cerebellum 

Cerebellar Pathways: Somatic Afferents 

Cerebellar Pathways: Afferents

(Non-Somatic) 

Cerebellar Pathways: Efferents 

Basal Ganglia 

Basal Ganglia Pathways 

Hippocampus 

Hippocampal Pathways: Afferents 

Hippocampal Pathways: Efferents 

Amygdala 

Amygdalar Pathways: Afferents 

Amygdalar Pathways: Efferents 

Hypothalamus 

Hypothalamic Pathways: Afferents 

Hypothalamic Pathways: Efferents 

Arousal and Sleep 

Arousal and Sleep Pathways 

Hunger and Feeding

Circumventricular Organs

Autonomic Systems 

Autonomic Pathways: Afferents 

Autonomic Pathways: Sympathetic Efferents 

Autonomic Pathways: Parasympathetic Efferents 

Modulatory Systems 

Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Pathways 

Noradrenergic and Serotoninergic Pathways 

Index

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