Writing the Rules for Europe Experts, Cartels, and International Organizations

Technologies have created crucial connections across borders requiring new forms of regulation. This book analyzes how experts, cartels and international organizations have written the rules for Europe since around 1850. Based on fresh research in the archives of multiple international organizations and European countries it explores the "hidden integration" of Europe – forms of integration that were not always visible, but affected the citizens of Europe in their everyday lives. Richly illustrated and engagingly written, the book de-centers the present-day European Union in a new long-term understanding of European integration.

Wolfram Kaiser is Professor of European Studies at the University of Portsmouth, UK, and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe, Belgium. He has published widely on European integration, Christian democracy and the history of globalisation. His books include (with S. Krankenhagen and K. Poehls) Exhibiting Europe in Museums: Transnational Networks, Collections, Narratives and Representations (2014), (ed. with J.-H. Meyer) Societal Actors in European Integration: Polity-building and Policy-making 1958-92, (ed. with A. Varsori) European Union History: Themes and Debates (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010); Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union (2007).
 
Johan Schot is Director of the Science Policy Research Unit and Professor in History of Technology at Sussex University, UK. In 2009 he was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) for his interdisciplinary work. He has published widely in several fields, including Dutch and European history, innovation studies, and sustainable development. His books include (with John Grin, Jan Rotmans) Transitions Towards Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change (2010), and (ed. with Harry Lintsen and Arie Rip), Technology and the Making of the Netherlands: The Age of Contested Modernization, (2010).

Introduction
1. Origins of Technocratic Internationalism
2. The Power and Fragility of Experts
3. From Divided Europe to 'Core Europe'
4. Europe of the Standard Gauge
5. Tensions in Railway Europe
6. Canons and Cartels
7. Technology Cooperation in Steel Europe
8. Towards European Union Hegemony
Conclusion