From Genes to Cells

, by Bolsover, Steven R.; Hyams, Jeremy S.; Jones, Steve; Shephard, Elizabeth A.; White, Hugh A.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780471597926 | 0471597929
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/1997

Rent

(Recommended)

$52.59

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Aug 2

$52.59

Quarter

Jul 19

$49.97

Short Term

Jun 21

$47.33

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Currently Available, Usually Ships in 24-48 Hours

$71.86

Experienced educators, all widely published in the field, present an accessible, supplemental text which offers a comprehensive yet succinct introduction to contemporary cellular and molecular biology. Thoroughly covers the essentials of the molecular and genetic components of cells. Features include over 150, original two-color illustrations, highlighted key words, boxed summaries, a complete glossary of key terms and phrases plus a selected reading section.

PREFACE

xvii

CHAPTER 1: CELLS AND TISSUES

(20)

Principles of Microscopy

(6)

The Light Microscope

(3)

The Electron Microscope

(1)

The Scanning Electron Microscope

(1)

Only Two Types of Cell

(6)

Special Properties of Plant Cells

(2)

Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

(1)

Tissues: Cell Collectives

(4)

Summary

(7)

CHAPTER 2: MEMBRANES AND ORGANELLES

(20)

Basic Properties of Cell Membranes

(11)

Lipids are Esters of Glycerol and Fatty Acid

(1)

Membranes Are Made of Phospholipids

(1)

Straight Through the Membrane: Simple Diffusion

(1)

Beyond the Plasmalemma: The Extracellular Matrix

(5)

Cell Junctions

(3)

Organelles Bounded by Double Membrane Envelopes

(4)

The Nucleus

(2)

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

(2)

Mitochondria

(1)

Chloroplasts

(2)

Organelles Bounded by a Single Membrane

(2)

Peroxisomes

(1)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

(1)

Golgi Apparatus

(1)

Endocytotic Vesicles and Endosomes

(1)

Lysosomes

(1)

Summary

(3)

CHAPTER 3: THE CYTOSKELETON AND CELL MOVEMENT

(18)

The Cytoskeleton is Composed of Three Classes of Filaments

(1)

Microtubules

(4)

Microtubule-Based Motility

(7)

Cilia and Flagella

(5)

Intracellular Transport

(2)

Microfilaments

(3)

Muscle Contraction

(1)

Cell Locomotion

(2)

Cytoplasmic Streaming

(1)

Intermediate Filaments

(1)

Summary

(2)

CHAPTER 4: CELL DIVISION

(14)

Control of the Cell Division Cycle

(6)

Molecular Regulation of the G2 (Interphase/Mitosis) Cell Cycle Control Point

(3)

The G1 Control Point

(1)

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

(3)

Mitosis

(2)

Prophase

(1)

Prometaphase

(2)

Metaphase

(1)

Anaphase

(1)

Telophase

(1)

Meiosis

(1)

Summary

(4)

CHAPTER 5: DNA STRUCTURE AND THE GENETIC CODE

(16)

The Structure of DNA

(5)

The DNA Molecule is a Double Helix

(2)

Complementarity of DNA Chains

(1)

Different Forms of DNA

(1)

DNA as the Genetic Material

(1)

The Packaging of DNA into Chromosomes

(3)

Eukaryotic Chromosomes and Chromatin Structure

(1)

Prokaryotic Chromosomes

(1)

Plasmids

(2)

Viruses

(1)

The Genetic Code

(4)

The Code is Degenerate but Unambiguous

(2)

The Start and Stop Codes for Protein Synthesis

(1)

The Code is Nearly Universal

(1)

Missense Mutations

(1)

Summary

(3)

CHAPTER 6: PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE

(16)

Mendel and the Foundations of Genetics

(1)

The Law of Segregation

(2)

The Law of Independent Assortment

(2)

Mendelian Inheritance in Humans

(3)

Modifying Mendel: Changes in Ratios

(5)

Lethal Alleles

(2)

Gene Interaction

(1)

Cytoplasmic Inheritance

100

(1)

Multifactorial Inheritance

100

(1)

Nature, Nurture, or Both?

101

(1)

Summary

102

(3)

CHAPTER 7: MAPPING THE GENES

105

(14)

Genes and Chromosomes

105

(2)

Linkage Mapping and the Structure of the Genome

107

(4)

Making the Physical Map

111

(3)

Introns and Exons: The Complexity of Eukaryotic Genes

114

(1)

The Major Classes of Eukaryotic DNA

115

(1)

Summary

116

(3)

CHAPTER 8: GENE MUTATION

119

(14)

Measuring the Mutation Rate

119

(4)

The "Natural" Rate of Mutation

123

(1)

Mutagenesis

123

(3)

Repairing Mutations

125

(1)

The Nature of Mutation

126

(4)

Mutation is Not Random

128

(2)

Summary

130

(3)

CHAPTER 9: DNA REPLICATION AND DNA REPAIR

133

(12)

DNA Replication

133

(1)

DNA Replication is Semiconservative

133

(1)

The DNA Replication Fork

134

(1)

Proteins Open Up the DNA Double Helix During Replication

134

(3)

DNA Helicases

136

(1)

Single-Stranded Binding Proteins

136

(1)

Topoisomerase I

136

(1)

The Biochemistry of DNA Replication

137

(3)

DNA Polymerase III

137

(1)

DNA Synthesis Requires an RNA Primer

138

(1)

The Self-Correcting DNA Polymerase

139

(1)

DNA Repair

140

(3)

Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Base Changes

140

(1)

Repair Processes

140

(3)

Summary

143

(2)

CHAPTER 10: TRANSCRIPTION AND THE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION

145

(22)

The Structure of RNA

145

(2)

RNA Polymerase

146

(1)

Gene Notation

146

(2)

Bacterial RNA Synthesis

148

(1)

Control of Bacterial Gene Expression

149

(8)

lac, an Inducible Operon

152

(4)

trp, a Repressible Operon

156

(1)

Eukaryotic RNA Synthesis

157

(3)

Messenger RNA Processing

158

(2)

Control of Eukaryotic Gene Expression

160

(3)

Summary

163

(4)

CHAPTER 11: RECOMBINANT DNA AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

167

(22)

DNA Cloning

167

(11)

Creating the Clone

168

(1)

Introduction of Foreign DNA Molecules into Bacteria

169

(3)

Cloning Vectors

169

(1)

Joining Foreign DNAs to a Cloning Vector

170

(1)

Introduction of Recombinant Plasmids Into Bacteria

171

(1)

Selection of cDNA Clones

172

(3)

Genomic DNA Clones

175

(3)

Uses of DNA Clones

178

(8)

DNA Sequencing

178

(3)

Southern Blotting

181

(1)

In Situ Hybridization

181

(2)

Production of Mammalian Proteins in Bacteria

183

(1)

Protein Engineering

184

(2)

Polymerase Chain Reaction

186

(1)

Summary

186

(3)

CHAPTER 12: TRANSLATION AND PROTEIN TARGETING

189

(20)

The Attachment of an Amino Acid to its tRNA

190

(2)

Transfer RNA, the Anticodon, and the Wobble

190

(2)

The Ribosome

192

(1)

Bacterial Protein Synthesis

193

(6)

Chain Initiation

193

(1)

Ribosome-Binding Site

193

(1)

The 70S Initiation Complex

194

(1)

Elongation of the Protein Chain

194

(3)

The Polyribosome

197

(1)

Termination of Protein Synthesis

197

(1)

The Ribosome is Recycled

198

(1)

Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis is a Little More Complex

199

(1)

Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis

200

(1)

Protein Targeting

200

(7)

Golgi Apparatus

204

(1)

Trans Golgi Network

204

(1)

Targeting Proteins to the Lysosome

205

(2)

Summary

207

(2)

CHAPTER 13: PROTEIN STRUCTURE

209

(26)

Polymers of Amino Acids

210

(8)

The Amino Acid Building Blocks

210

(6)

The Unique Properties of Each Amino Acid

216

(2)

Charge

216

(1)

UV Absorbance

217

(1)

Disulfide Bridging

217

(1)

Phosphorylation

217

(1)

Other Amino Acids Are Found in Nature

218

(1)

The Three Dimensional Structures of Proteins

219

(11)

Prosthetic Groups

230

(1)

The Primary Structure Contains All of the Information Necessary to Specify Higher-Level Structures

231

(1)

Summary

232

(3)

CHAPTER 14: HOW PROTEINS WORK

235

(16)

Dynamic Protein Structures

235

(5)

Allosteric Effects

236

(2)

Chemical Changes that Shift the Preferred Shape

238

(2)

Enzymes Are Protein Catalysts

240

(5)

The Initial Velocity of an Enzyme Reaction

241

(1)

The Effect of Substrate Concentration

242

(2)

The Effect of Enzyme Concentration

244

(1)

The Specificity Constant

244

(1)

Enzyme Catalysis

245

(1)

Cofactors and Prosthetic Groups

246

(1)

Enzymes Can Be Regulated

246

(2)

Summary

248

(3)

CHAPTER 15: ENERGY TRADING WITHIN THE CELL

251

(12)

Cellular Energy Currencies

251

(5)

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

253

(1)

Nucleoside Triphosphates (ATP plus GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP)

253

(2)

The Hydrogen Ion Gradient across the Mitochondrial Membrane

255

(1)

The Sodium Gradient across the Plasmalemma

256

(1)

The Energy Currencies are Interconvertible

256

(5)

Exchange Mechanisms that Convert between the Four Energy Currencies

256

(2)

The Electron Transport Chain

258

(1)

ATP Synthase

258

(1)

Sodium/Potassium ATPase

259

(1)

ADP/ATP Exchanger

260

(1)

All Carriers Can Change Direction

260

(1)

Summary

261

(2)

CHAPTER 16: METABOLISM

263

(22)

The Krebs Cycle: The Central Switching Yard of Metabolism

264

(2)

From Glucose to Pyruvate: Glycolysis

266

(3)

Glycolysis without Oxygen

268

(1)

Glycogen Can Feed the Glycolytic Pathway

269

(1)

From Fats to Acetyl-CoA: Lipolysis and XXX Oxidation

269

(1)

Amino Acids As Another Source of Metabolic Energy

269

(3)

Making Glucose: Gluconeogenesis

272

(2)

Making Fatty Acids

274

(4)

Synthesis of Amino Acids

278

(1)

Carbon Fixation in Plants

278

(1)

Control of Energy Production

279

(3)

Feedforward and Feedback

279

(1)

Negative Feedback Control of Glycolysis

280

(1)

Feedforward Control in Muscle Cells

281

(1)

Summary

282

(3)

CHAPTER 17: IONS AND VOLTAGES

285

(18)

The Potassium Gradient and the Resting Voltage

285

(6)

Potassium Channels Make the Plasmalemma Permeable to Potassium Ions

286

(1)

Concentration Gradients and Electrical Voltage Can Balance

287

(4)

The Chloride Gradient

291

(1)

General Properties of Channels

291

(1)

General Properties of Carriers

292

(5)

The Glucose Carrier

293

(1)

The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger

294

(1)

Carriers with an Enzymic Action: The Calcium ATPase

295

(2)

Summary

297

(6)

CHAPTER 18: THE ACTION POTENTIAL

303

(14)

The Calcium Action Potential in Sea Urchin Eggs

303

(6)

Effect of Egg Membrane Voltage on Sperm Fusion

303

(2)

The Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel

305

(1)

The Calcium Action Potential

306

(3)

The Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel in Nerve Cells

309

(5)

Myelination and Rapid Action Potential Transmission

313

(1)

Summary

314

(3)

CHAPTER 19: INTRACELLULAR MESSENGERS

317

(14)

Calcium

317

(8)

Calcium Can Enter From the Extracellular Medium: Exocytosis at the Axon Terminal

318

(2)

Calcium Can Be Released From the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Platelet Activation

320

(3)

The Processes Activated by Cytosolic Calcium are Extremely Diverse

323

(1)

Return of Cytosolic Calcium to Resting Levels

323

(2)

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)

325

(2)

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)

327

(1)

Multiple Messengers

328

(1)

Summary

328

(3)

CHAPTER 20: INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION

331

(14)

Classifying Transmitters and Receptors

331

(3)

Ionotropic Cell Surface Receptors

332

(1)

Metabotropic Cell Surface Receptors

332

(1)

Intracellular Receptors

333

(1)

Intercellular Communication in Action: The Gastrocnemius Muscle

334

(6)

Telling the Muscle to Contract: The Action of Motoneurones

336

(1)

Controlling the Blood Supply: Paracrine Transmitters

336

(3)

New Blood Vessels in Growing Muscles: Growth Factors

339

(1)

Summary

340

(5)

CHAPTER 21: CYSTIC FIBROSIS

345

(10)

Cystic Fibrosis is a Severe Genetic Disease

346

(1)

The Fundamental Lesion Lies in Chloride Transport

347

(1)

Homing in on the Gene Using Classical Genetics

348

(2)

Molecular Genetics Carried the Search Forward

350

(1)

A Cure for CF--or a Premature Hope?

351

(2)

Summary

353

(2)

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

From Genes to Cells

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials