Refining Composition Skills Rhetoric and Grammar

, by Smalley, Regina L.; Ruetten, Mary K.; Kozyrev, Joann Rishel

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ISBN: 9780838402238 | 0838402232
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/15/2000

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This Best-Selling writing book integrates instruction in rhetorical devices with practice in acquiring relevant grammatical structures.

Unit One The Paragraph

(102)

The Writing Process

(10)

Getting Started

(1)

Journal Writing

(1)

CNN® Video Activity: ``The 37,000-Page Diary''

(1)

In this clip, CNN interviews a man who has kept a diary for over 30 years. He talks about why he keeps the diary and reads a few segments from important moments in his life

Video Follow-up: Discussion Questions

(1)

The Process of Writing

(1)

Prewriting

(5)

Generating Ideas

(1)

Invention Techniques

(1)

Brainstorming

(1)

Freewriting

(1)

WH-Questions

(1)

Clustering

(2)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(1)

Planning

(1)

Drafting

(1)

Revising

(3)

Editing

(2)

Introduction to the Paragraph

(25)

Getting Started

(1)

CNN® Video Activity: ``Learning to Read and Write''

(1)

This video shows children learning by the whole language method, explains how this method works, and describes what parents, teachers, and children think of it

Video Follow-up: Discussion Questions

(1)

What Is a Paragraph?

(1)

The Topic of a Paragraph

(4)

Prewriting: Planning

(3)

The Topic Sentence

(8)

Improving the Topic Sentence

(2)

Recognizing the Topic Sentence

(3)

Formulating the Topic Sentence

(1)

Prewriting: Generating Ideas

(1)

Support

(3)

Prewriting: Planning

(3)

Unity

(2)

Coherence

(5)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(1)

Composition Skills

(1)

Revision

(1)

Peer Review

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Paragraph

(1)

The Narrative Paragraph

(18)

Getting Started

(1)

CNN® Video Activity: ``Messages for Princess Diana of England''

(1)

When Princess Diana died, many people wrote poems, notes, and letters to leave at her memorial sites. In this clip, people reflect on why they were moved to write these messages

Video Follow-up: Discussion Questions

(1)

Readings: Personal Reflections

(7)

From ``My American Journey''

(1)

In this excerpt, General Colin Powell, whose parents were born in Jamaica, tells the story of his visit to the village where his father was born and his first feelings upon meeting his extended family

``The Best Part''

(2)

In this paragraph, Mary Kay Mackin reflects on Christmas holidays she has spent with her family and comes to a conclusion about the part she likes best

``The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl''

(3)

In this essay, which first appeared in the Los Angeles Times, Elizabeth Wong tells of her painful experiences growing up in the bicultural atmosphere of Los Angeles' Chinatown. She describes the difficulty of being Chinese on the outside but American on the inside.

Writing

(4)

Present Narration

(2)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(2)

Composition Skills

(1)

Coherence

(1)

Adverbials of Time and Sequence

(1)

Grammar Review

(1)

Past Narration

(2)

Composition Skills

(1)

Coherence

(1)

Adverbial Clauses of Time

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(1)

Grammar Review

(1)

Composition Skills

(2)

Revision

(1)

Peer Review

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Narrative Paragraph

(1)

The Descriptive Paragraph

(21)

Getting Started

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``Yosemite National Park''

(1)

This clip describes some of the beautiful natural views that can be seen at Yosemite but also shows how a visit to Yosemite can be affected by the thousands of other people who are visiting the park

Video Follow-up: Freewriting

(1)

Readings: Important People, Important Places

(6)

``Uncle Kwok''

(3)

In this selection from Fifth Chinese Daughter, Jade Snow Wong presents a memorable portrait of her Uncle Kwok. She describes his physical appearance and his actions from the time he entered the Wong factory until he gets settled at his job

From ``Beyond the Sun''

(2)

In this excerpt from an article which appeared in Traveler magazine, David Butler describes Finnish Lapland as he saw it on a cross-country skiing trip one winter

Writing

(4)

Description of a Place

(3)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(1)

Activities

(1)

Composition Skills

(2)

Coherence

(1)

Adverbs of Place

(1)

Modification: Specific Details

(1)

Grammar Review

(4)

Description of a Person

(3)

Composition Skills

(2)

Coherence

(1)

Adjective Clauses

(2)

Grammar Review

(1)

Composition Skills

(1)

Revision

(1)

Peer Review

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Descriptive Paragraph

(1)

The Expository Paragraph

(28)

Getting Started

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``The Artwork of Petroglyphs''

(1)

This report shows rock art made by Native Americans between 500 and 2,000 years ago. An archeologist explains what some of the rock art means

Video Follow-up: Creating Pictographs

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

(1)

Readings: Arts and Entertainment

(6)

From ``Survival''

(3)

Margaret Atwood, born in 1939, is a well-known Canadian novelist and poet. In the following reading, taken from the introduction to her 1972 book Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature, Atwood describes her reading experiences as a youth. She explains that even though she was almost unaware of Canadian authors, she found delight in the few she did read.

``Jackie Chan''

(2)

In this reading, students learn a little bit about the Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan. The author explains what has made Chan such a popular and well-liked film star

Writing

(11)

Support of the Generalization

(1)

Specific Details

(4)

Examples

(4)

Illustrations and Anecdotes

(1)

Composition Skills

(7)

Coherence

(1)

Organization of Details and Examples

(3)

Transitional Words and Phrases

(4)

Composition Skills and the Internet

100

(1)

Grammar Review

100

(3)

Revision

101

(1)

Peer Review

101

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Expository Paragraph

101

(2)

Unit Two The Essay

103

(196)

Introduction to the Essay

103

(24)

Getting Started

104

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``A Case of Plagiarism of Romance Novels''

104

(1)

This clip examines the writing of two writers of romance novels. One writer has admitted to plagiarizing the work of the other

Video Follow-up: Gathering Information about the Consequences of Plagiarism

104

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

105

(1)

Introduction to the Essay

105

(1)

The Thesis Statement

105

(3)

The Introduction

108

(4)

Prewriting: Planning

109

(3)

The Developmental Paragraphs

112

(9)

Prewriting: Planning

113

(8)

The Conclusion

121

(3)

The Outline

124

(2)

Prewriting: Planning

124

(2)

Composition Skills

126

(1)

Revision

126

(1)

Peer Review

126

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Essay

126

(1)

The Example Essay

127

(26)

Getting Started

128

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``The Lost Language of the Wanino Tribe''

128

(1)

This documentary shows how men and women from the Wanino tribe are learning to speak the language of their ancestors using recently discovered tape recordings of a woman who spoke the language. The people who are studying this lost language comment on the connection between language and culture.

Video Follow-up: Sharing Your own Experiences

128

(1)

Readings: The Power of Culture and Language

128

(9)

``How Unwritten Rules Circumscribe Our Lives''

129

(3)

In this article, Bob Greene writes about the unwritten cultural rules in our lives. Greene gives multiple examples of the rules we follow without even thinking about them.

Composition Skills and the Internet

132

(1)

``Americanization Is Tough on Macho''

133

(4)

In this essay, which first appeared in Rose Del Castillo Guilbault's column for This World, she gives an example of the power of language. She shows how a particular Spanish word has come to have different meanings in different cultures.

Writing

137

(6)

Number of Examples

137

(3)

Choice of Examples

140

(3)

Composition Skills

143

(7)

Coherence

143

(1)

Organization of Examples

143

(1)

Transitions Between Paragraphs

143

(1)

Transitions to Introduce Examples

144

(3)

Repetition of Key Words and Phrases

147

(3)

Grammar Review

150

(3)

Revision

152

(1)

Peer Review

152

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Example Essay

152

(1)

The Comparison and Contrast Essay

153

(30)

Getting Started

154

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``Workplace Communication: Gender Differences''

154

(1)

This report examines the growth of the communication training industry and notes that women are often the target market for communication training seminars, tapes, and books. The clip includes a short interview with Deborah Tannen and other communication experts.

Video Follow-up: Brainstorming

154

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

155

(1)

Readings: Styles of Communication

155

(8)

``Conversational Ballgames''

155

(4)

In this excerpt from her textbook Polite Fictions, Nancy Masterson Sakamoto explains the difference between Japanese and American conversation styles. She uses an analogy that compares each conversation style to a particular sport.

``Intimacy and Independence''

159

(4)

This excerpt from Deborah Tannen's book You Just Don't Understand examines the different ways that American men and women view decision making. She notes that the different notions of communication that women and men have can lead to conflict between couples.

Writing

163

(10)

Points of Comparison

164

(1)

Emphasis on Comparison or Contrast

165

(1)

Patterns of Organization

165

(8)

Composition Skills

173

(7)

Coherence

173

(1)

Transitions for Comparison and Contrast

173

(7)

Grammar Review

180

(3)

Revision

181

(1)

Peer Review

181

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Comparison and Contrast Essay

182

(1)

The Classification Essay

183

(29)

Getting Started

184

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``Museum of Product Failures''

184

(1)

This report shows people visiting a very special museum which houses a collection of new products that were unsuccessful. People in marketing often visit this museum to help them understand why products succeed and fail.

Video Follow-up: Finding Out More about Products

185

(1)

Readings: Advertising and Consumers

185

(12)

``Weasel Words''

186

(8)

In this excerpt from his popular book Doublespeak, William Lutz examines the words that many advertisers choose to make misleading but legal claims for products they wish to sell.

Composition Skills and the Internet

194

(1)

``Motivation''

194

(3)

In this excerpt from a college textbook, the authors explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs and show how advertisers can appeal to each type of need to influence consumers' buying behavior.

Writing

197

(8)

The Principle of Classification

198

(2)

Making the Classification Complete

200

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

201

(1)

Organizing the Classification Essay

201

(1)

Introducing the Categories

202

(3)

Composition Skills

205

(4)

Introductory Paragraphs

205

(1)

The Turnabout

205

(2)

Coherence

207

(1)

Transitions for Classification

207

(2)

Grammar Review

209

(3)

Revision

210

(1)

Peer Review

210

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Classification Essay

210

(2)

The Process Analysis Essay

212

(26)

Getting Started

213

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``Profile of a Communications Software Company''

213

(1)

This clip features Hilgraeve, a small software company which has found its niche in communications software. The founders of the company talk about how their company got started and what they believe they must do to continue to be successful.

Video Follow-up: Using the Internet

213

(1)

Readings: The World of the Internet

213

(11)

``The Life of e-mail''

213

(3)

This magazine article traces the path an e-mail message follows as it travels from the sender's computer to the receiver.

``A Brief History of the Internet and the World Wide Web''

216

(8)

This textbook reading follows the development of the Internet from the first connection between two computers in the 1960s to today's worldwide networking capabilities

Writing

224

(9)

Planning the Process Analysis Essay

224

(2)

Composition Skills and the Internet

226

(1)

Organizing the Process Analysis Essay

227

(6)

Composition Skills

233

(3)

Introductory Paragraphs

233

(1)

The Dramatic Entrance

233

(2)

Coherence

235

(1)

Participial Phrases

235

(1)

Grammar Review

236

(2)

Revision

237

(1)

Peer Review

237

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Process Analysis Essay

237

(1)

The Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay

238

(37)

Getting Started

239

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``The Success of Xavier College Pre-Med Students''

239

(1)

This video clip profiles Xavier College, which successfully prepares more African-American students for medical school than any other college in the United States.

Video Follow-up: Using Campus Resources

239

(1)

Composition Skills and the Internet

239

(1)

Readings: Academic Achievement

240

(10)

``Surfing's Up and Grades Are Down''

240

(3)

This report from the Washington Post National Weekly Edition examines the effects that computers have on college students' education and lives. In general, Sanchez reports positive effects, but she finds growing concern about Internet addiction, which can cause students to get low grades and even drop out of college.

Composition Skills and the Internet

243

(3)

``Why They Excel''

246

(4)

In this excerpt from an article written for Parade magazine, Fox Butterfield investigates the causes for the achievement of young Asians in the United States. She finds the causes rooted in the traditional values of their culture.

Writing

250

(17)

Multiple Causes→Effect

251

(3)

Organizing the Causal Analysis Essay

254

(1)

The Thesis Statement for the Causal Analysis Essay

255

(3)

A Problem in Reasoning

258

(1)

Cause→Multiple Effects

259

(1)

Organizing the Effect Analysis Essay

260

(2)

The Thesis Statement for the Effect Analysis Essay

262

(2)

The Causal Chain

264

(3)

Composition Skills

267

(6)

Introductory Paragraphs

267

(1)

The Dramatic Entrance

267

(3)

The Relevant Quotation

270

(2)

Coherence

272

(1)

Transitions and Expressions for Cause and Effect

272

(1)

Grammar Review

273

(2)

Revision

274

(1)

Peer Review

274

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay

274

(1)

The Argumentative Essay

275

(24)

Getting Started

276

(1)

CNNreg; Video Activity: ``Campus Activism''

276

(1)

This video examines activism on U.S. college campuses and gives reasons why student activism today may look very different from the activism that attracted so much media attention in the 1960s.

Video Follow-up: Investigating Your Campus

276

(1)

Readings: Issues on Campus

277

(4)

``College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?''

277

(2)

In this magazine article, David Daniels questions a traditional teaching method: the lecture class. He explains problems he sees with the lecture class and suggests an alternative which he believes would improve education at American colleges and universities.

``Let's Put the Excellence Back in the A''

279

(2)

Elliott Miles, a retired educator and university president, discusses a disturbing trend on college campuses: grade inflation.

Writing

281

(8)

The Argumentative Thesis: Taking a Stand

282

(1)

The Opposition: Knowing What You Are Up Against

283

(1)

Supporting and Explaining Reasons

284

(4)

Composition Skills and the Internet

288

(1)

Refuting and Conceding the Opposition

289

(5)

Organizing the Argumentative Essay

290

(4)

Composition Skills

294

(5)

Coherence Review

294

(4)

Revision

298

(1)

Peer Review

298

(1)

Revision Checklist for the Argumentative Essay

298

(1)

Unit Three Grammar Review

299

(82)

Adjectives (Ch. 4)

300

(5)

Participles as Adjectives

301

(2)

Adjective Clauses Reduced to Participial Phrases

303

(2)

Adverbials (Chs. 3, 4, 10)

305

(8)

Adverbs of Place

305

(1)

Adverbials of Time and Sequence

306

(1)

Prepositions in Time Expressions

307

(3)

Adverbial Clauses Reduced to Participial Phrases

310

(1)

The present participle (Verb + ing)

311

(1)

The perfect participle (Having Verb + ed)

311

(1)

The passive perfect participle (Having Been Verb + ed)

311

(2)

Articles (Chs. 5, 9, 11)

313

(9)

Definite and Indefinite Articles

313

(1)

The Indefinite Article

313

(1)

The Definite Article

314

(3)

Articles with Quantifiers

317

(4)

Articles with Count and Non-count Nouns

321

(1)

Clauses (Chs. 3, 4)

322

(22)

Adjective Clauses (Ch. 4)

322

(1)

Adjective Clauses Subordinators

323

(3)

Punctuation of Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective

326

(1)

Adverbial Clauses of Time (Ch. 3)

327

(4)

Adverbial Clauses of Comparison, Contrast, Concession (Ch. 8)

331

(4)

Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (Ch. 10)

335

(1)

Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Result (Ch. 11)

336

(1)

Adverbial Clauses of Cause

336

(1)

Adverbial Clauses of Result

337

(2)

Noun Clauses (Ch. 7)

339

(1)

As Direct Objects

339

(1)

Noun Clauses Derived from Questions as Direct Objects

340

(2)

Subjunctive Noun Clauses

342

(2)

Comparisons (Ch. 8)

344

(5)

Indicators of Equality or Similarity

344

(2)

Indicators of Inequality

346

(3)

Correlative Conjunctions (Ch. 9)

349

(3)

Gerunds and Infinitives (Ch. 7)

352

(6)

Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

352

(1)

Gerunds and Infinitives as Objects

353

(3)

Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions

356

(2)

Verb/Tense System

358

(23)

The Simple Present vs. the Present Progressive (Ch. 3)

358

(1)

The Simple Present Tense

359

(1)

The Present Progressive Tense

360

(2)

The Simple Past vs. the Past Progressive and Past Perfect (Ch. 3)

362

(1)

The Simple Past Tense

363

(1)

The Past Progressive Tense

363

(1)

The Past Perfect Tense

363

(4)

Verb Tense Review: The Present Perfect vs. the Simple Past (Ch. 5)

367

(1)

The Present Perfect Tense

367

(2)

Adverbials Used with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses

369

(3)

The Passive Voice vs. the Active Voice (Ch. 4)

372

(1)

The Passive Voice: Five Points to Review

373

(3)

Conditionals

376

(1)

Real Conditions (Ch. 10)

376

(1)

Unreal Conditions (Ch. 11)

377

(4)

Appendices

381

(44)

Appendix I

382

(3)

Peer Review Checklist for Paragraphs

382

(1)

Peer Review Checklist for Essays

383

(2)

Appendix II

385

(3)

Using Others' Ideas

385

(3)

Appendix III

388

(2)

The Definite Article with Place Names

388

(1)

The Definite Article with Other Proper Nouns

389

(1)

Appendix IV

390

(10)

Punctuation Problems

390

(1)

Rules for Punctuation

391

(9)

Appendix V

400

(2)

Rules for Capitalization

400

(2)

Appendix VI

402

(3)

Noun Plurals

402

(3)

Appendix VII

405

(4)

Subject-Verb Agreement

405

(4)

Appendix VIII

409

(6)

Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs

409

(6)

Appendix IX

415

(5)

Verbs and Their Complements

415

(5)

Appendix X

420

(5)

Sample Business Letters

420

(5)

Index

425

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Refining Composition Skills Rhetoric and Grammar

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials