Design of Machine Elements

, by Spotts, Merhyle F.; Shoup, Terry E.; Hornberger, Lee E.

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ISBN: 9780130489890 | 0130489891
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/14/2003

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Now considered a classic in its field, this book provides a comprehensive survey of machine elements and analytical design methods.This book covers the tools and techniques necessary to facilitate design calculations for the most frequently encountered mechanical elements.For professionals in the field of Machine Design who need a comprehensive reference on the subject.

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

(14)

I-1 Problem Solving and Design

(2)

I-2 The Design Process

(2)

I-3 Stages of Design

(2)

I-4 Finding and Using Information in Machine Design

(2)

I-5 Recognized Standards for Design

(2)

I-6 Computational Tools for Machine Design

(3)

I-7 Conclusions

(1)

References

(1)

CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

(104)

1-1 Statical Equilibrium

(1)

1-2 Engineering Materials

(1)

1-3 Tension and Compression Stress

(2)

1-4 Tension and Compression in SI Units

(2)

1-5 Force and Mass

(1)

1-6 Statically Indeterminate Problems in Tension and Compression

(2)

1-7 Center of Gravity

(2)

1-8 Bending of Beams

(3)

1-9 Moment of Inertia

(3)

1-10 Transfer Axis for Moment of Inertia

(2)

1-11 Principle of Superposition

(3)

1-12 Additional Beam Equations

(1)

1-13 Deflection of Beams

(7)

1-14 Effect of Ribs on Castings

(2)

1-15 Shearing Stress

(1)

1-16 Transverse Shearing Stress in Beams

(6)

1-17 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams

(3)

1-18 Slender Compression Members or Columns

(4)

1-19 Stresses in Any Given Direction

(2)

1-20 The Mohr Circle

(4)

1-21 Stress Manipulation in Three Dimensions

(8)

1-22 Stresses and Deformations in Two Directions

(1)

1-23 Deflection of A Beam from Shearing Stress

(2)

1-24 Principle of St. Venant

(1)

References

(1)

Problems

(39)

CHAPTER 2 WORKING STRESSES AND FAILURE THEORIES

119

(66)

2-1 Failure and Phenomenological Failure Theories

120

(3)

2-2 Stress-Strain Diagrams

123

(3)

2-3 Phenomenological Failure Theories Based on Stress

126

(11)

2-4 Stress Concentration Caused by Sudden Change in Form

137

(14)

2-5 Design for Cyclic Loading

151

(17)

2-6 Conclusion

168

(1)

References

169

(1)

Problems

170

(15)

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF SHAFTS

185

(76)

3-1 Torsion of Circular Shaft

187

(7)

3-2 Power Transmitted

194

(3)

3-3 Maximum Static Shearing Stress

197

(1)

3-4 Design of Shafts for Fluctuating Loads

198

(6)

3-5 Keys

204

(4)

3-6 Stress Concentration

208

(2)

3-7 Couplings

210

(3)

3-8 Bending Loads in Two Planes

213

(1)

3-9 Shaft on Three Supports

213

(4)

3-10 Crankshafts

217

(3)

3-11 Critical Speed of a Rotating Shaft

220

(1)

3-12 Deflection of Shaft of Nonuniform Diameter

221

(3)

3-13 Slope of Shaft by Elastic Energy

224

(1)

3-14 Torsion of Noncircular Shafts

225

(1)

3-15 Torsion of a Wide Rectangular Bar

226

(2)

3-16 Torsion of Rectangular Bars-General Case

228

(2)

3-17 Composite Sections

230

(3)

3-18 Thin-Walled Tube

233

(2)

3-19 Materials Used for Shafting

235

(1)

References

236

(1)

Problems

237

(24)

CHAPTER 4 SPRINGS

261

(55)

4-1 Helical Springs

263

(5)

4-2 Properties of Spring Materials

268

(2)

4-3 Hot-Formed Springs

270

(1)

4-4 Helical Spring of Minimum Volume of Material-Static Load

271

(4)

4-5 Optimum Design of Helical Spring

275

(5)

4-6 Fatigue of Springs

280

(1)

4-7 Design for Fluctuating Loads

281

(3)

4-8 Buckling of Compression Springs

284

(1)

4-9 Vibration or Surging of Helical Springs

284

(1)

4-10 Commercial Tolerances

285

(2)

4-11 Effect of End Turns for Compression Springs

287

(1)

4-12 Helical Extension Springs

288

(1)

4-13 Helical Springs of Rectangular Wire

289

(2)

4-14 Helical Springs with Torsional Loading

291

(3)

4-15 Leaf Springs

294

(4)

4-16 Energy Storage by Springs

298

(1)

4-17 Belleville Spring

299

(2)

4-18 Rubber Springs

301

(7)

References

308

(1)

Problems

308

(8)

CHAPTER 5 SCREWS

316

(38)

5-1 Kinds of Threads

316

(3)

5-2 Standardized Threads

319

(2)

5-3 Unified Threads

321

(1)

5-4 American National Threads

322

(1)

5-5 Identification Symbols

323

(1)

5-6 SI Threads

323

(2)

5-7 Effect of Initial Stress

325

(4)

5-8 Additional Design Considerations

329

(2)

5-9 Power Screws

331

(8)

5-10 Torque Required to Produce Desired Clamping Force

339

(2)

5-11 Friction of Screws

341

(1)

5-12 Stress Concentration

341

(2)

5-13 Locknuts

343

(1)

5-14 Materials and Methods of Manufacture

344

(1)

5-15 Stress Due to Impact Load

345

(3)

5-16 Relaxation

348

(1)

References

348

(1)

Problems

348

(6)

CHAPTER 6 BELTS, CLUTCHES, BRAKES AND CHAINS

354

(54)

6-1 V-belts

355

(2)

6-2 Center Distance for V-belt Drive

357

(4)

6-3 Design of V-belts

361

(2)

6-4 Other Types of Belts

363

(2)

6-5 Disk or Plate Clutch

365

(4)

6-6 Disk Brakes

369

(1)

6-7 Cone Clutch

370

(1)

6-8 Band Brake

371

(4)

6-9 Block Brake with Short Shoe

375

(1)

6-10 Pivoted Block Brake with Long Shoe

376

(9)

6-11 Brake with Pivoted Symmetrical Shoe

385

(1)

6-12 Lining Pressures

386

(1)

6-13 Heating of Brakes

387

(1)

6-14 Roller Chains

388

(1)

6-15 Design Capacity of Roller Chains

389

(4)

6-16 Galling of Roller Chains

393

(1)

6-17 Polygonal Action

394

(1)

6-18 Silent Chain

395

(1)

References

396

(1)

Problems

396

(12)

CHAPTER 7 WELDED AND RIVETED CONNECTIONS

408

(48)

7-1 Fabrication by Welding

409

(1)

7-2 Fusion Welding

410

(1)

7-3 Strength of Fusion Welds

411

(2)

7-4 Eccentrically Loaded Welds-Static Loads

413

(7)

7-5 Stress Concentration in Welds

420

(1)

7-6 Residual Stress-Weldability

421

(2)

7-7 Welding Electrodes

423

(1)

7-8 Design for Fluctuating Loads

424

(2)

7-9 Resistance Welding

426

(1)

7-10 Other Kinds of Welding

427

(2)

7-11 Soldering and Brazing

429

(2)

7-12 Furnace Brazing

431

(1)

7-13 Riveted Joint with Central Load

432

(1)

7-14 Stresses in Rivets

433

(1)

7-15 Stresses in a Cylindrical Shell

433

(4)

7-16 Riveted Joint with Eccentric Load

437

(5)

7-17 Instantaneous Center of Rotation

442

(1)

7-18 Adhesives

442

(2)

References

444

(1)

Problems

445

(11)

CHAPTER 8 LUBRICATION

456

(50)

8-1 Viscosity and Newton's Law

458

(8)

8-2 Petroff's Bearing Equation

466

(4)

8-3 Load-Carrying Journal Bearing

470

(1)

8-4 Load and Friction Curves for Journal Bearings

471

(7)

8-5 Power Lost in Friction

478

(1)

8-6 Power Lost by Self-Cooled Bearings

479

(5)

8-7 Designing for Film Temperature and Minimum Film Thickness

484

(2)

8-8 Viscosity Index

486

(1)

8-9 The Zn/ P Curve

487

(3)

8-10 Bearing Materials

490

(3)

8-11 Bearing Loads

493

(1)

8-12 Construction of Bearings

494

(1)

8-13 Clearance and Oil Grooves

495

(2)

8-14 Elastic Matching

497

(1)

8-15 Dry Friction

498

(1)

8-16 Boundary or Thin-Film Lubrication

499

(1)

8-17 Mixed or Semifluid Lubrication

500

(1)

References

500

(1)

Problems

501

(5)

CHAPTER 9 BALL AND ROLLER BEARINGS

506

(37)

9-1 Construction and Types of Ball Bearings

506

(2)

9-2 Selection of Ball Bearings

508

(4)

9-3 Effect of Axial Load

512

(3)

9-4 Design for Variable Loading

515

(4)

9-5 Static Capacity

519

(1)

9-6 Design for Different Confidence Levels

520

(1)

9-7 Friction and Lubrication of Ball Bearings

520

(1)

9-8 Bearing Materials and Surface Finish

521

(1)

9-9 Mounting of Ball Bearings

522

(2)

9-10 Permissible Misalignment

524

(1)

9-11 Unground Ball Bearings

525

(1)

9-12 Relative Advantages of Rolling Element Bearings

525

(1)

9-13 Roller Bearings

526

(2)

9-14 Contact Stress between Spheres and Cylinders

528

(9)

9-15 Elasto-hydrodynamic Lubrication

537

(1)

References

537

(1)

Problems

538

(5)

CHAPTER 10 SPUR GEARS

543

(83)

10-1 Introduction

545

(1)

10-2 Velocity Law of Toothed Gearing

546

(2)

10-3 Kinematics of Involute Gear Teeth

548

(2)

10-4 Cycloidal Gear Teeth

550

(1)

10-5 Pitches of Gear Teeth

551

(3)

10-6 Gear Pitches in SI Units

554

(3)

10-7 Standard Systems of Gearing

557

(2)

10-8 Methods of Manufacture

559

(3)

10-9 Backlash

562

(2)

10-10 Gear Finishing Methods

564

(1)

10-11 Load on Gear Tooth from Power Transmitted

564

(3)

10-12 Determination of Bearing Loads

567

(2)

10-13 Contact Ratio

569

(2)

10-14 Undercutting in Gear Teeth

571

(2)

10-15 Long and Short Addendum Gearing

573

(3)

10-16 Speed Ratios of Gear Trains

576

(4)

10-17 Internal or Annular Gears

580

(1)

10-18 Dimensioning of Gears

581

(1)

10-19 Materials for Gears

581

(1)

10-20 Lubrication and Mounting of Gears

582

(1)

10-21 Planetary Gear Trains

583

(2)

10-22 Design of Gears to Prevent Failures

585

(32)

References

617

(1)

Problems

618

(8)

CHAPTER 11 HELICAL, BEVEL, AND WORM GEARS

626

(58)

11-1 Helical Gears

627

(3)

11-2 The Geometry of Helical Gears

630

(2)

11-3 Virtual Number of Teeth

632

(1)

11-4 Center Distance of Mating Gears

632

(3)

11-5 Contact Ratios for Helical Gears

635

(1)

11-6 Tooth Loads of Helical Gears

635

(1)

11-7 Design of Parallel Shaft Helical Gears to Prevent Failures

636

(15)

11-8 Bevel Gears

651

(2)

11-9 The Geometry of Bevel Gears

653

(1)

11-10 Loads on Bevel Gears

654

(1)

11-11 Design of Bevel Gears to Prevent Failures

655

(11)

11-12 Worm Gears

666

(2)

11-13 Geometric Relationships of Worm Gears

668

(8)

11-14 Forces in Worm Gear Sets

676

(1)

11-15 Design of Worm Gear Sets

676

(5)

References

681

(1)

Problems

681

(3)

CHAPTER 12 MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE ELEMENTS

684

(79)

12-1 Stresses in a Thick Cylinder

684

(5)

12-2 Shrink and Press Fit Stresses

689

(4)

12-3 Stress Concentration Caused by Press Fit

693

(5)

12-4 Stresses in Disk Flywheel

698

(2)

12-5 Flywheel with Spokes and Rim

700

(4)

12-6 Flywheel Requirements

704

(3)

12-7 Impact of Elastic Bodies

707

(2)

12-8 Impact Stresses by Energy Method

709

(6)

12-9 Force Produced by Falling Weight

715

(2)

12-10 Impact of Weight on Beam

717

(1)

12-11 Gaskets and Seals

718

(2)

12-12 Design of Gaskets for Static Loads

720

(4)

12-13 Wire Rope

724

(5)

12-14 Curved Beams

729

(3)

12-15 Curved Beam of Rectangular Cross Section

732

(5)

12-16 Curved Beam of Circular Cross Section

737

(1)

12-17 Angular Deflection of Curved Bar

737

(1)

12-18 Cams

737

(3)

12-19 Plate Cam with Central Roller Follower

740

(2)

12-20 Manufacture of Cam with Central Roller Follower

742

(2)

12-21 Plate Cam with Flat-Faced Follower

744

(2)

12-22 Polydyne Cam

746

(1)

12-23 Remarks on Cam Design

746

(1)

12-24 Snap Rings

747

(1)

12-25 Flat Plates

748

(4)

References

752

(1)

Problems

753

(10)

CHAPTER 13 PRINCIPLES OF FORM SYNTHESIS

763

(17)

13-1 A Review of Stress Patterns in Machine Parts

763

(4)

13-2 The Principles of Form Synthesis

767

(2)

13-3 Exceptions to the Form Synthesis Principles

769

(1)

13-4 Design of Joints

770

(7)

13-5 Conclusions

777

(1)

References

778

(1)

Problems

778

(2)

CHAPTER 14 ENGINEERING MATERIALS

780

(57)

14-1 The Tension Test

780

(3)

14-2 Physical Constitution of Steel

783

(2)

14-3 Types of Steel Used in Machine Construction

785

(1)

14-4 Numbering Systems for Carbon and Alloy Steels

786

(3)

14-5 Plain Carbon Steel

789

(4)

14-6 Alloy Steels

793

(5)

14-7 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels, HSLA

798

(1)

14-8 Cost of Steel

798

(1)

14-9 Heat Treatment of Steel

799

(3)

14-10 Residual Stresses from Heat Treatment

802

(1)

14-11 Carburizing and Nitrilling

803

(1)

14-12 Flame Hardening

804

(2)

14-13 Strain Hardening

806

(1)

14-14 Hardness

807

(2)

14-15 Machinability

809

(1)

14-16 Grain Size

809

(1)

14-17 Corrosion

810

(1)

14-18 Prevention of Corrosion

811

(1)

14-19 Stainless Steel

812

(1)

14-20 Wear

813

(3)

14-21 Short-Term Effects of High Temperatures

816

(1)

14-22 Creep of Steel at High Temperature

817

(2)

14-23 Cast Iron

819

(3)

14-24 Malleable Iron/Nodular Iron

822

(1)

14-25 Cast Steel

822

(2)

14-26 Tool Steel

824

(1)

14-27 Aluminum Alloys

825

(1)

14-28 Alloy and Temper Designations

826

(1)

14-29 Composition and Mechanical Properties

827

(1)

14-30 Magnesium Alloys

827

(3)

14-31Copper Alloys

830

(3)

14-32 Alloys for Die Castings

833

(3)

References

836

(1)

CHAPTER 15 DESIGNING WITH PLASTIC MATERIALS

837

(23)

15-1 Introduction

837

(4)

15-2 The Basics: The Chemistry and Physics of Plastics

841

(1)

15-3 Characteristics of Thermoplastic Materials

842

(2)

15-4 Amorphous vs. Semicrystalline Thermoplastics

844

(3)

15-5 Characteristics of Thermoset Materials

847

(3)

15-6 Designing with Plastics

850

(1)

15-7 Creep in Plastics

850

(5)

15-8 Environmental Properties of Plastics

855

(1)

15-9 Safety Factors

856

(1)

15-10 Additives for Plastics

856

(1)

15-11 Recycling of Plastics

857

(1)

15-12 Plastics Resources

857

(1)

References

857

(1)

Problems

858

(2)

APPENDIX MODULES

860

(54)

INDEX

914

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Design of Machine Elements

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials