German Forces and the British Army Interactions and Perceptions, 1742-1815

Throughout the 'long eighteenth century' Britain was heavily reliant upon soldiers from states within the Holy Roman Empire to augment British forces during times of war, especially in the repeated conflicts with France. The disparity in populations between these two rival powers, and the British public's reluctance to maintain a large standing army, made this external source of manpower of crucial importance. Whereas the majority of these forces were acting in the capacity of allies, 'auxiliary' forces were hired as well, and from the mid-century onwards, a small but steadily increasing number of German men would serve within British regiments or distinct formations referred to as 'Foreign Corps'. Employing, or allying with these troops would result in these Anglo-German armies operating not only on the European continent but in the American Colonies, Caribbean and within the British Isles as well.
 
Within these multinational coalitions, soldiers would encounter and interact with one another in a variety of professional and informal venues, and many participants recorded their opinions of these foreign 'brother-soldiers' in journals, private correspondence, or memoirs. Although their impressions borrowed from many prevalent stereotypes, especially in analyses concerning national character, these soldiers had a unique perspective and their writings reflect this. These men belonged to the soldiering profession, and this solidarity among military men would often focus their attention away from national or cultural distinctions, and towards defining how their allies adhered to the common ideal of a good soldier. The result was that though the British public may have maintained a derogatory attitude towards German soldiers, Britain's own military men – due to shared identities and experiences – viewed them far more favourably.

Mark Wishon is a Lecturer on Eighteenth Century Europe and Modern Britain at the University of California San Diego, USA, and a recent graduate from University College London, UK. His research interests include immigration, the Atlantic World and all aspects of English and British history.

Introduction
1. National Character and Transnational Professionalism
2. Britain's German Allies
3. German Auxiliaries
4. Case Study One – The 'Hessians' in the American War
5. Germans within the British Army
6. Case Study Two – The King's German Legion, 1803-1815
7. Composition, Integration and Treatment
8. Anglo-German Interactions in the KGL
9. Conclusion
Notes