Security Aspects of Uni- and Multimodal Hazmat Transportation Systems
, by Reniers, Genserik L. L.; Zamparini, LucaNote: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9783527329908 | 3527329900
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 4/16/2012
Written in a clear language, for use by managers and decision-makers, this practical guide to the hot topic is unique in treating the security aspects of hazmat transportation from both a uni-modal as well as a multi-modal perspective. To begin with, each transport mode and its relation to security vulnerability, analyses, figures, and approaches is discussed separately. Secondly, the optimization process of a hazmat supply chain is examined from a holistic, integrated viewpoint. Finally, the book discusses and compares the various hazmat transport security policies and strategies adopted in various regions around the world. The result is a must-have source of high-quality information including many case studies.
Censerik Renters obtained a Master's degree in chemical engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and received his PhD in Applied Economic Sciences from the University of Antwerp, both in Belgium. He lectures amongst others in chemistry, organic chemistry, chemical process technology, and technological risk management at the University of Antwerp. At the Hogeschool Universiteit (HUB) in Brussels he lectures as a Tenured Professor in prevention management, advanced occupational health and safety management and industrial processes. His main research interests concern the collaboration surrounding safety and security topics and socio-economic optimization within the chemical industry. He coordinates the Antwerp Research Croup on Safety and Security, unifying multi-disciplinary safety and security research at the University of Antwerp. He serves as an Associate Editor for the internationally renowned Journals Safety Science and Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. Luca Zamparini obtained a Master of Science in Economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a PhD in Economics and Institutions at the University of Bologna. He is currently Associate Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Social, Political and Regional Studies of the University of Salento. He is also Tenured Professor of International Organizations and Development and coordinator of the course in Development and Transport Infrastructures for the Master in Development, Innovation and Change organized by the University of Bologna. Transport Economics is his main research field, with a particular specialization in the economic estimation of transport qualitative attributes and in transport security. He has taught Economics of Transport and Logistics for the Master in Law and Economics of Transport and Logistics at the University of Bologna.
Preface | p. XV |
List of Contributors | p. XVII |
Introductory Section | p. 1 |
Editorial Introduction | p. 3 |
History, Importance, and Economic Aspects of Hazmat Transportation | p. 5 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: Unimodal Perspectives | p. 6 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: Multimodal Perspectives | p. 7 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: International Policies and Practices | p. 8 |
Bibliography | p. 8 |
History and Importance of Hazmat Transportation | p. 9 |
Introduction | p. 9 |
History of Hazrnat-Transportation Research | p. 11 |
Importance of Research on Hazmat Transportation and Associated Risks | p. 12 |
Conclusions | p. 14 |
Bibliography | p. 14 |
Economic Issues in Hazmat Transportation | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
Hazmat Transportation in the United States and in the European Union | p. 17 |
Models of Hazmat Transport | p. 22 |
Risk Assessment in Hazmat Transport | p. 22 |
Routing/Scheduling and Hazmat Transport | p. 23 |
Allocation Problem in Hazmat Transport | p. 24 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 24 |
Bibliography | p. 24 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: Unimodal Perspectives | p. 27 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Road | p. 29 |
Introduction | p. 29 |
Hazmat Truck Types | p. 30 |
Security-Sensitive Materials | p. 33 |
Carrier Responsibility | p. 33 |
General Security Issues | p. 34 |
Risk Assessment | p. 35 |
Attack Profiles | p. 35 |
Planning an Attack | p. 36 |
Training | p. 36 |
Personnel Security | p. 37 |
Unauthorized Access | p. 38 |
En Route Security | p. 40 |
Driver Responsibilities | p. 42 |
Technology Solutions | p. 42 |
Motor-Carrier Enforcement | p. 45 |
Shipper and Consignee Responsibility | p. 45 |
Motor-Carrier Enforcement | p. 45 |
Law Enforcement and Emergency Response | p. 46 |
Community Vigilance | p. 46 |
Security-Related Events | p. 47 |
Conclusions | p. 47 |
Bibliography | p. 48 |
Security Aspects of Hazmat Transport Using Railroad | p. 49 |
Introduction | p. 49 |
Railroad Transportation System | p. 51 |
Risk Assessment | p. 53 |
Probability of Attack | p. 55 |
Consequence | p. 56 |
Probability of Targeting Hazmat Railcars | p. 57 |
Hazmat Volume | p. 57 |
Route Risk | p. 59 |
Risk Management | p. 60 |
Steps Taken | p. 60 |
Information Sharing and Coordination | p. 60 |
Policing and Surveillance | p. 61 |
Routing of Hazmat | p. 61 |
Further Measures | p. 61 |
Interdiction Models | p. 61 |
Tank-Car Design | p. 62 |
Shipment Routing | p. 63 |
Conclusion | p. 66 |
Acknowledgment | p. 67 |
Bibliography | p. 67 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Inland Waterways | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
Transport of Hazardous Materials by Inland Waterways-Current Legislation | p. 72 |
Incidents on Inland Waterways | p. 73 |
Security of Inland Waterways and Ports-Current Practices | p. 74 |
Proposals for Security Improvements on Inland Waterways | p. 77 |
Proposals for Improvements of Inland Ports' Security | p. 85 |
Conclusion | p. 87 |
Bibliography | p. 88 |
Consulted Web Sites | p. 89 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Pipeline | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 91 |
Hazmat Pipeline Infrastructure Around the World | p. 91 |
Security Risks to Hazmat Pipelines | p. 93 |
Commodity Theft from Pipelines | p. 94 |
Global Terrorist Attacks on Pipelines | p. 94 |
Costs and Impacts of Pipeline Security Incidents | p. 97 |
Responding to Pipeline Security Threats | p. 98 |
US Pipeline Security after September 11, 2001 | p. 99 |
Pipeline Operator Security Programs | p. 99 |
Security Initiatives of the U.S. Department of Transportation | p. 101 |
Transportation Security Administration and Pipeline Security | p. 102 |
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission | p. 106 |
Policy Issues in Hazmat Pipeline Security | p. 107 |
Security Threat Information | p. 108 |
Identifying Critical Pipeline Facilities | p. 108 |
International Cooperation in Pipeline Security | p. 109 |
Conclusions | p. 109 |
Bibliography | p. 110 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: Multimodal Perspectives | p. 115 |
Mulitmodal Transport: Historical Evolution and Logistics Framework | p. 117 |
Introduction | p. 117 |
Evolution of Multimodal Transport in the European Union, in the United States and in Asia | p. 118 |
Multimodal Transport in the European Union | p. 118 |
Multimodal Transport in the United States | p. 120 |
Multimodal Transport in the ASEAN Countries | p. 122 |
Problem Statement | p. 123 |
The Standard Framework | p. 123 |
Reconsidering the Case | p. 128 |
Conclusions | p. 132 |
Bibliography | p. 132 |
Multimodal Analysis Framework for Hazmat Transports and Security | p. 135 |
Introduction | p. 135 |
Literature Review | p. 136 |
Unintentional Incidents | p. 136 |
Intentional Incidents | p. 138 |
Refined Approach for the Calculation of Multimodal Hazmat-Transport Risk | p. 139 |
Preliminary | p. 139 |
Step 1: Determination of the Segmentation and Estimation of the Impact Distances | p. 140 |
Step 2: Estimation of the General Probability of Occurrence of a Catastrophic Incident | p. 142 |
Step 3: Estimation of the Local Probability of Occurrence | p. 142 |
Practical Application and Visualization | p. 144 |
Interpretation of the Results | p. 145 |
Intended Incidents with Hazmat Transport | p. 147 |
How to Include Security in the Modal Choice | p. 149 |
Case Study | p. 149 |
Promethee | p. 150 |
The Alternatives | p. 151 |
The Weights: Valuation of the Critical Factors Influencing the Choice of Transportation | p. 152 |
Multicriteria Analysis | p. 156 |
Conclusion | p. 158 |
Acknowledgments | p. 159 |
Bibliography | p. 159 |
Metaheuristics for the Multimodal Optimization of Hazmat Transports | p. 163 |
Introduction | p. 163 |
Metaheuristics | p. 165 |
Characteristics of Multimodal Hazmat Transportation Optimization Problems and the Case for Using Metaheuristics | p. 167 |
Multilevelness | p. 168 |
Multiobjectivity | p. 169 |
Metaheuristics for Multimodal Hazmat Transportation | p. 172 |
Metaheuristics for Multimodal Transportation | p. 172 |
Metaheuristics for Hazmat Transportation | p. 174 |
A Metaheuristic for Multimodal Hazmat Transportation | p. 176 |
Conclusions and Research Opportunities | p. 178 |
Bibliography | p. 178 |
Freight Security and Livability: US Toxic and Hazardous Events from 2000 to 2010 | p. 183 |
Introduction | p. 183 |
Background | p. 184 |
Data on Consequences | p. 187 |
National Transportation Atlas Database 2010 | p. 187 |
Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System (HMIRS) | p. 187 |
Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) | p. 188 |
Lexis-Neds and Newspaper Reporting on Serious Spill Incidents | p. 188 |
Consequences and Geography | p. 188 |
Event Consequences | p. 190 |
Conclusions | p. 195 |
Bibliography | p. 198 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: International Policies and Practices | p. 201 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Italy | p. 203 |
Introduction | p. 203 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: International Policies and Practices | p. 201 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Italy | p. 203 |
Introduction | p. 203 |
Economic Significance of Hazmat Transport in Italy | p. 204 |
Hazmat Transport by Road | p. 204 |
Hazmat Transport by Rail | p. 206 |
Hazmat Transport by Sea | p. 208 |
The Italian Legal Framework on Hazmat Transport Security | p. 210 |
Recent Italian Case Studies Related to Hazmat Transport Security | p. 213 |
Detailed Description of the Most Recent Hazmat Transport Security-Related Events | p. 214 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 216 |
Bibliography | p. 217 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in The Netherlands from a Security Practitioner's Point of View | p. 219 |
Introduction | p. 219 |
Safety and Security | p. 220 |
The Netherlands: a Risk-Prone Country with a Risk-Prone Infrastructure | p. 222 |
The Dutch Transport Infrastructure as Risk Factor | p. 223 |
Transport and Logistics in The Netherlands | p. 225 |
Security Issues in Transport and Logistics | p. 228 |
Terrorism | p. 229 |
Transport and Logistics Crime | p. 229 |
Safety First | p. 230 |
Partners in Security | p. 232 |
Conclusion | p. 234 |
Bibliography | p. 235 |
Internet Sources | p. 235 |
Safeguarding Hazmat Shipments in the US: Policies and Challenges | p. 237 |
Introduction | p. 237 |
Intermodalism | p. 237 |
The Pre-9/11 Situation | p. 238 |
The Magnitude of the Problem | p. 239 |
The Impact of 9/11 | p. 240 |
The Rail Sector | p. 246 |
Vulnerabilities | p. 246 |
Solutions and Their Effectiveness | p. 248 |
Emergency Planning and Response | p. 250 |
The Federal Government and the Private Sector | p. 251 |
Highways | p. 252 |
Vulnerabilities and Policies | p. 252 |
Administration and Coordination | p. 253 |
Local Governments and the Private Sector | p. 255 |
Mirrimizing Trucking Vulnerabilities | p. 257 |
Conclusions | p. 258 |
Bibliography | p. 259 |
Web Sites | p. 261 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Iran | p. 263 |
Introduction | p. 263 |
Overview of the Current Status | p. 264 |
Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran's Transportation System | p. 267 |
Safety and Security Strategies | p. 268 |
Discussion | p. 270 |
Conclusions | p. 272 |
Bibliography | p. 272 |
Conclusions and Recommendations | p. 273 |
Unimodal and Multimodal Transportation Put into Perspective | p. 274 |
A Country-Wise Comparative Study | p. 275 |
A Look into the Future: Sustainable Multirnodality | p. 275 |
Index | p. 277 |
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