Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind

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ISBN: 9780878558247 | 0878558241
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 1/30/1983

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This classic text has set a standard for American sociol-ogy. Cooley provides analysis without empiricism, applying psychological insight to his study of the individual and collective self. First published in 1909, this work attempts to motivate man and society to be more responsible to each other. "The style of his book is clear and attractive, the text abounding in happy quotation."-- Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Introduction

Preface

xxxi

PART I---PRIMARY ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION

Social and Individual Aspects of Mind

(10)

Mind an Organic Whole

Conscious and Unconscious Relations

Does Self-Consciousness Come First? Cogito, Ergo Sum

The Larger Introspection

Self-Consciousness in Children

Public Consciousness

Social and Individual Aspects of Mind---(Continued)

(10)

Moral Aspect of the Organic View

It Implies that Reform Should Be Based on Sympathy

Uses of Praise and Blame

Responsibility Broadened but Not Lost

Moral Value of a Larger View

Organic Morality Calls for Knowledge

Nature of Social Organisation

Primary Groups

(9)

Meaning of Primary Groups

Family, Playground, and Neighborhood

How Far Influenced by Larger Society

Meaning and Permanence of ``Human Nature''

Primary Groups the Nursery of Human Nature

Primary Ideals

(19)

Nature of Primary Idealism

The Ideal of a ``We'' or Moral Unity

It Does Not Exclude Self-Assertion--Ideals Springing from Hostility

Loyalty, Truth, Service

Kindness

Lawfulness

Freedom

The Doctrine of Natural Right

Bearing of Primary Idealism upon Education and Philanthropy

The Extension of Primary Ideals

(10)

Primary Ideals Underline Democracy and Christianity

Why They Are Not Achieved on a Larger Scale

What They Require from Personality

From Social Mechanism

The Principle of Compensation

PART II---COMMUNICATION

The Significance of Communication

(5)

Meaning of Communication

Its Relation to Human Nature

To Society at Large

The Growth of Communication

(14)

Pre-Verbal Communication

The Rise of Speech

Its Mental and Social Function

The Function of Writing

Printing and the Modern World

The Non-Verbal Arts

Modern Communication: Enlargement and Animation

(11)

Character of Recent Changes

Their General Effect

The Change in the United States--sOrganized Gossip

Public Opinion, Democracy, Internationalism

The Value of Diffusion

Enlargement of Feeling

Conclusion

Modern Communication: Individuality

(7)

The Question

Why Communication Should Foster Individuality

The Contrary or Dead-Level Theory

Reconciliation of These Views

The Outlook as Regards Individuality

Modern Communication: Superficiality and Strain

(9)

Stimulating Effect of Modern Life

Superficiality

Strain

Pathological Effects

PART III---THE DEMOCRATIC MIND

The Enlargement of consciousness

107

(14)

Narrowness of Consciousness in Tribal Society

Importance of Face-to-Face Assembly

Individuality

Subconscious Character of Wider Relations

Enlargement of Consciousness

Irregularity in Growth

Breadth of Modern Consciousness

Democracy

The Theory of Public Opinion

121

(14)

Public Opinion as Organization

Agreement Not Essential

Public Opinion versus Popular Impression

Public Thought Not an Average

A Group Is Capable of Expression through Its Most Competent Members

General and Special Public Opinion

The Sphere of the Former

Of the Latter

The Two Are United in Personality

How Public Opinion Rules

Effective Rule Based on Moral Unity

What the Masses Contribute

135

(14)

The Masses the Initiators of Sentiment

They Live in the Central Current of Experience

Distinction of Privilege Apt to Cause Isolation

Institutional Character of Upper Classes

The Masses Shrewd Judges of Persons

This the Main Ground for Expecting that the People Will Be Right in the Long Run

Democracy Always Representative

Conclusion

Democracy and Crowd Excitement

149

(8)

The Crowd-Theory of Modern Life

The Psychology of Crowds

Modern Conditions Favor Psychological Contagion

Democracy a Training in Self-Control

The Crowd Not Always in the Wrong

Conclusion; the Case of France

Democracy and Distinction

157

(20)

The Problem

Democracy Should Be Distinguished from Transition

The Dead-Level Theory of Democracy

Confusion and Its Effects

``Individualism'' May Not Be Favorable to Distinguished Individuality

Contemporary Uniformity

Relative Advantages of America and Europe

Haste, Superficiality, Strain

Spiritual Economy of a Settled Order

Commercialism

Zeal for Diffusion

Conclusion

The Trend of Sentiment

177

(12)

Meaning and General Trend of Sentiment

Attenuation

Refinement

Sense of Justice

Truth as Justice

As Realism As Expediency

As Economy of Attention

Hopefulness

The Trend of Sentiment

189

(20)

Nature of the Sentiment of Brotherhood

Favored by Communication and Settled Principles

How Far Contemporary Life Fosters It

How Far Uncongenial to It

General Outcome in this Regard

The Spirit of Service

The Trend of Manners

Brotherhood in Relation to Conflict

Blame

Democracy and Christianity

PART IV---SOCIAL CLASSES

The Hereditary or Caste Principle

209

(8)

Nature and Use of Classes

Inheritance and Competition the Two Principles upon which Classes Are Based

Conditions in Human Nature Making for Hereditary Classes

Caste Spirit

Conditions Favoring or Opposing the Growth of Caste

217

(12)

Three Conditions Affecting the Increase or Diminution of Caste

Race-Caste

Immigration and Conquest

Gradual Differentiation of Functions; Mediaeval Caste; India

Influence of Settled Conditions

Influence of the State of Communication and Enlightenment

Conclusion

The Outlook Regarding Caste

229

(10)

The Question

How Far the Inheritance Principle Actually Prevails

Influences Favoring Its Growth

Those Antagonizing It

The Principles of Inheritance and Equal Opportunity as Affecting Social Efficiency

Conclusion

Open Classes

239

(9)

The Nature of Open Classes

Whether Class-Consciousness Is Desirable

Fellowship and Cooperation Deficient in Our Society

Class Organization in Relation to Freedom

How Far Wealth is the Basis of Open Classes

248

(8)

Impersonal Character of Open Classes

Various Classifications

Classes, as Commonly Understood, Based on Obvious Distinctions

Wealth as Generalized Power

Economic Betterment as an Ideal of the Ill-Paid Classes

Conclusion

On the Ascendency of a Capitalist Class

256

(17)

The Capitalist Class

Its Lack of Caste Sentiment

In What Sense ``the Fittest''

Moral Traits

How Far Based on Service

Autocratic and Democratic Principles in the Control of Industry

Reasons for Expecting an Increase of the Democratic Principle

Social Power in General

Organizing Capacity

Nature and Sources of Capitalist Power

Power over the Press and over Public Sentiment

Upper Class Atmosphere

On the Ascendency of a Capitalist Class

273

(11)

The Influence of Ambitious Young Men

Security of the Dominant Class in an Open System

Is There Danger of Anarchy and Spoliation?

Whether the Sway of Riches Is Greater Now than Formerly

Whether Greater in America than in England

The Organization of the Ill-Paid Classes

284

(6)

The Need of Class Organization

Uses and Dangers of Unions

General Disposition of the Hand-Working Classes

Poverty

290

(11)

The Meaning of Poverty

Personal and General Causes

Poverty in a Prosperous Society Due Chiefly to Maladjustment

Are the Poor the ``Unfit''?

Who Is to Blame for Poverty?

Attitude of Society toward the Poor

Fundamental Remedies

Hostile Feeling Between Classes

301

(12)

Conditions Producing Class Animosity

The Spirit of Service Allays Bitterness

Possible Decrease of the Prestige of Wealth

Probability of a More Communal Spirit in the Use of Wealth

Influence of Settled Rules for Social Opposition

Importance of Face-to-Face Discussion

PART V---INSTITUTIONS

Institutions and the Individual

313

(14)

The Nature of Institutions

Hereditary and Social Factors

The Child and the World

Society and Personality

Personality versus the Institution

The Institution as a Basis of Personality

The Moral Aspect

Choice versus Mechanism

Personality the Life of Institutions

Institutions Becoming Freer in Structure

Institutions and the Individual

327

(15)

Innovation as a Personal Tendency

Innovation and Conservatism as Public Habit

Solidarity

French and Anglo-Saxon Solidarity

Tradition and Convention

Not so Opposite as They Appear

Real Difference, in this Regard, between Modern and Mediaeval Society

Traditionalism and Conventionalism in Modern Life

Formalism and Disorganization

342

(14)

The Nature of Formalism

Its Effect upon Personality

Formalism in Modern Life

Disorganization, ``Individualism''

How it Affects the Individual

Relation to Formalism

``Individualism'' Implies Defective Sympathy

Contemporary ``Individualism''

Restlessness under Discomfort

The Better Aspect of Disorganization

Disorganization: The Family

356

(16)

Old and New Regimes in the Family

The Declining Birth-Rate

``Spoiled'' Children

The Opening of New Careers to Women

European and American Points of View

Personal Factors in Divorce

Institutional Factors

Conclusion

Disorganization: The Church

372

(11)

The Psychological View of Religion

The Need of Social Structure

Creeds

Why Symbols Tend to Become Formal

Traits of a Good System of Symbols

Contemporary Need of Religion

Newer Tendencies in the Church

Disorganization: Other Traditions

383

(12)

Disorder in the Economic System

In Education

In Higher Culture

In the Fine Arts

PART VI---PUBLIC WILL

The Function of Public Will

395

(7)

Public and Private Will

The Lack of Public Will

Social Wrongs Commonly Not Willed at All

Government as Public Will

402

(9)

Government Not the Only Agent of Public Will

The Relative Point of View; Advantages of Government as an Agent

Mechanical Tendency of Government

Characteristics Favorable to Government Activity

Municipal Socialism

Self-Expression the Fundamental Demand of the People

Actual Extension of State Functions

Some Phases of the Larger Will

411

(9)

Growing Efficiency of the Intellectual Processes

Organic Idealism

The Larger Morality

Indirect Service

Increasing Simplicity and Flexibility in Social Structure

Public Will Saves Part of the Cost of Change

Human Nature the Guiding Force behind Public Will

Index

420

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Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials