Social Policy

, by Bochel, Hugh; Bochel, Catherine; Page, Robert; Sykes, Rob

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ISBN: 9780130870094 | 0130870099
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/30/2005

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Social Policy: Issues and Developmentsprovides an engaging,comprehensive introduction to contemporary British social policy. It focuses primarily upon developments since 1997 including coverage of major service areas, ideological and other current debates in the subject.It combines description and analysis in a clear and straightforward approach, whilst recognising the complexities of contemporary social policy.

About the contributors

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgements

viii

Part I The context for social policy

(36)

1 Introducing social policy

(11)

Issues in Focus

(1)

What is social policy?

(5)

Development of the welfare state

(2)

Structure of this book

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion and review topics

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Some useful websites

(1)

References

(1)

2 The politics and government of social policy

(23)

Issues in Focus

(1)

Politics and social policy

(9)

Political parties

(3)

Pressure groups

(2)

The media

(4)

Government of social policy

(9)

Government under the Conservatives, 1979-1997

(1)

Government under New Labour

(7)

Summary

(1)

Discussion and review topics

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Some useful websites

(1)

References

(3)

Part II Developments in services

(202)

3 Income maintenance and taxation

(27)

Issues in Focus

(1)

Context: Cultural assumptions and socio-economic inequality

(4)

Cultural assumptions

(2)

Socio-economic inequality

(1)

Importance of social security and taxation

(2)

Defining 'social security' and taxation

(6)

Social security

(2)

Taxation

(2)

Aims of social security and taxation

(2)

Overview of the current system

(8)

Social security

(3)

Taxation

(5)

Tackling fraud in social security and taxation

(1)

Recent reforms and future prospects

(2)

Summary

(2)

Discussion and review topics

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Some useful websites

(1)

References

(1)

4 'Working off welfare'

(21)

Issues in Focus

(2)

Brief history of welfare and work in Britain

(2)

Causes of unemployment and construction of policies to tackle them

(3)

Labour and welfare-to-work

(7)

Evaluating welfare-to-work policies

(2)

Prospects for the future

(1)

Welfare-to-work landmarks, 1601-1996

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion and review topics

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Some useful websites

(1)

References

(3)

5 Education

(22)

Issues in Focus

(1)

Education up to 1979

(4)

Education, 1979-1997

(3)

Education since 1997

(10)

Nursery places and pre-school education

(1)

Primary and secondary education

(6)

Lifelong learning and higher education

102

(2)

Education and devolution

104

(1)

Education landmarks, 1979-2002

105

(1)

Summary

105

(2)

Discussion and review topics

107

(1)

Further reading

107

(1)

Some useful websites

107

(1)

References

108

(1)

6 Personal social services

109

(22)

Issues in Focus

109

(2)

Historical and policy context

111

(7)

Personal social services, 1970-1979

112

(1)

Personal social services, 1979-1997

113

(2)

Personal social services since 1997

115

(3)

Aspects of social services

118

(8)

Family and childcare

118

(2)

Community care

120

(4)

Youth justice

124

(2)

Summary

126

(1)

Discussion and review topics

127

(1)

Further reading

127

(1)

Some useful websites

128

(1)

References

128

(3)

7 Crime and criminal justice policy

131

(21)

Issues in Focus

131

(1)

Defining criminal and social justice

132

(4)

Criminal justice

132

(1)

Social justice

133

(3)

Inequality of justice

136

(4)

How does the criminal justice system work in practice?

136

(4)

Inequality and justice

140

(5)

What (and who) is the crime problem?

140

(1)

Politics of imprisonment

140

(3)

So, what is 'the crime problem'?

143

(2)

Redefining the 'justice gap'

145

(3)

Crime, disorder and social exclusion

145

(1)

What is the 'justice gap'?

146

(2)

Summary

148

(1)

Discussion and review topics

149

(1)

Further reading

149

(1)

Some useful websites

150

(1)

References

150

(2)

8 Health policy

152

(19)

Issues in Focus

152

(1)

Growth of state involvement in health

153

(1)

Health policy, 1948-1979

154

(1)

Health policy, 1979-1997

155

(4)

NHS funding and internal markets

156

(1)

Public health measures

157

(1)

Private health provision

158

(1)

Health policy since 1997

159

(8)

NHS funding

159

(2)

Reforming primary care

161

(1)

Structural change

162

(2)

Inequalities in health

164

(2)

Private health provision

166

(1)

Devolution

166

(1)

Summary

167

(1)

Discussion and review topics

168

(1)

Further reading

168

(1)

Some useful websites

169

(1)

References

169

(2)

9 Housing policy

171

(22)

Issues in Focus

171

(1)

State intervention in the housing market

172

(2)

Regulation and 'nuisance' removal

172

(2)

Conservative housing policy, 1979-1997: state to market: market to state

174

(4)

Private landlords

177

(1)

Housing associations

177

(1)

Housing Benefit

177

(1)

Home ownership

177

(1)

New Labour and housing policy

178

(3)

'Social' housing

178

(1)

The private landlord sector

179

(1)

Home ownership

179

(1)

Devolution

179

(1)

Housing Benefit

180

(1)

Housing and social exclusion

181

(5)

Unpopular housing

181

(1)

New Deal for Communities

181

(1)

Neighbourhood renewal

182

(1)

Rough sleeping

183

(1)

Statutory homelessness

184

(2)

Housing and community care

186

(2)

Purpose-built accommodation and support

186

(1)

Adapted properties

187

(1)

Lifetime homes

188

(1)

General housing and community care

188

(1)

Summary

188

(1)

Discussion and review topics

189

(1)

Further reading

189

(1)

Some useful websites

190

(1)

References

190

(3)

10 Ethics, risk and social policy

193

(1)

Issues in Focus

193

(1)

Ethical theory

194

(7)

Are moral judgements matters of opinion?

196

(1)

Role of theory

196

(3)

Justice

199

(2)

Feminist ethics

201

(1)

Applied ethics

201

(10)

Rationing

202

(2)

Science, human genetics and reproduction

204

(3)

Professional ethics

207

(4)

Risk

211

(2)

Summary

213

(1)

Discussion and review topics

214

(1)

Further reading

214

(1)

Some useful websites

215

(1)

References

215

(2)

11 Exploring the boundaries of social policy

217

(1)

Issues in Focus

217

(1)

New and traditional social policy concerns

218

(1)

Setting the context: the changing nature of social policy

219

(2)

Food

221

(4)

Food interests

222

(1)

Government policy

223

(2)

The environment and sustainability

225

(1)

Government policy

226

(1)

Transport and travel

226

(3)

Transport/travel interests

228

(1)

Government policy

228

(1)

Information and communication technology

229

(2)

Government policy

231

(1)

Summary

231

(2)

Discussion and review topics

232

(1)

Further reading

233

(1)

Some useful websites

233

(1)

References

234

(5)

Part III Theorising social policy

12 The New Right: neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism

239

(78)

Issues in Focus

239

(1)

Neo-liberalism

240

(2)

Freedom

240

(1)

Individualism

240

(1)

The free market

241

(1)

Role of government

241

(1)

Neo-conservatism

242

(1)

Law and order

242

(1)

Public morality

243

(1)

National identity

243

(1)

Neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism: two sides of the same coin?

243

(2)

The New Right and the welfare state

245

(4)

Philosophical objections

245

(1)

Economic objections

245

(2)

Social objections

247

(1)

Reforming the welfare state

248

(1)

The New Right and British social policy since 1945

249

(13)

New Right resistance

250

(2)

The Thatcher years, 1979-1990

252

(6)

The Major years, 1992-1997

258

(4)

The New Right legacy

262

(1)

Summary

263

(1)

Discussion and review topics

263

(1)

Further reading

264

(1)

Some useful websites

264

(1)

References

264

(4)

13 From democratic socialism to New Labour

268

(1)

Issues in Focus

268

(1)

The democratic socialist phase, 1945-1951

269

(4)

Economic policy

269

(2)

Social policy

271

(2)

Towards social democracy, 1951 and beyond

273

(7)

Social democracy in practice, 1964-1979

275

(4)

A renewed challenge to social democracy, 1979-1983

279

(1)

New Labour and the Third Way

280

(7)

New Labour and economic policy

281

(2)

New Labour and social policy

283

(4)

Summary

287

(1)

Discussion and review topics

288

(1)

Further reading

288

(1)

Some useful websites

288

(1)

References

289

(3)

14 Alternative approaches to social policy

292

(1)

Issues in Focus

292

(1)

Feminism

293

(4)

Ethnicity and anti-racism

297

(5)

Disability

302

(3)

Theoretical implications

305

(3)

Summary

308

(2)

Discussion and review topics

309

(1)

Further reading

310

(1)

Some useful websites

310

(1)

References

311

(6)

Part IV European and international developments

15 European welfare states and European Union social policy

317

(56)

Issues in Focus

317

(1)

Patterns of similarity and difference in European welfare states

318

(6)

A greying and less familial Europe?

319

(1)

Unemployment

320

(1)

Poverty and social exclusion

321

(2)

Summary

323

(1)

Development of the EU's 'social dimension' — from Common Market to European Union

324

(7)

From Common Market to single market: 1950's to 1980's

325

(1)

EU economic and social policies in the 1990's

326

(4)

Current issues and developments

330

(1)

Social policymaking in the EU

331

(5)

Key EU social policymaking bodies

331

(5)

EU social policy now and in the future

336

(3)

EU social policy summarised

336

(3)

Summary

339

(1)

Discussion and review topics

340

(1)

Further reading

340

(1)

Some useful websites

341

(1)

References

341

(1)

16 Globalisation, welfare and social policy: issues and developments

342

(1)

Issues in Focus

342

(1)

What is globalisation? Contested ideas — contested reality?

343

(2)

Variety of globalisation processes — social, political and economic

345

(9)

Social and cultural globalisation

345

(2)

Political globalisation

347

(2)

Economic globalisation

349

(3)

Key features of globalisation?

352

(2)

Globalisation and welfare

354

(9)

Theories and perspectives

354

(6)

'Testing' the perspectives

360

(2)

Globalisation and future of welfare

362

(1)

Summary

363

(2)

Discussion and review topics

365

(1)

Further reading

365

(1)

Some useful websites

365

(1)

References

366

(2)

17 Conclusions

368

(5)

Issues in Focus

368

(4)

Discussion and review topics

372

(1)

Glossary

373

(6)

Index

379

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Social Policy

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials