Sociological Dynamics of Sport and Exercise

This text explores issues emerging in today's world of organized sport and health fitness. It covers a variety of current topics, such as the current role of sport in the educational system, the growing business ethic of professional sport, and the multi-billion dollar fitness boom. This text is designed for most career aspirations and gives students a new way to look at sport and exercise.

Sociological Thinking and the Study of Sport and Exercise

1

(29)

The Paradoxical Nature of Sport and Exercise

3

(5)

Social Action

8

(2)

Classification of Physical Activity

10

(3)

Working Definition of Organized Sport

13

(1)

Working Definition of Health-Related Exercise

14

(1)

The Relationship of Sport and Exercise to American Society

15

(3)

Theoretical Frameworks

18

(4)

Recent Outgrowth of the Social Critical Paradigm

22

(3)

Sport and Exercise from Multiple Lenses

25

(1)

Summary

26

(1)

References

26

(3)

Socialization Into Sport and Exercise

29

(22)

Social Learning Model of Sport and Exercise

31

(3)

Role Transition Within Sport and Exercise

34

(3)

Role Disengagement from Elite Sport

37

(3)

Developing Commitment to Exercise

40

(3)

Decision-Making Models of Exercise

43

(2)

Socialization Throughout the Lifespan

45

(3)

Trends in Sport and Exercise

48

(1)

Summary

48

(1)

References

49

(2)

Sport, Values, and the American Dream

51

(22)

Traditional Values in American Society

52

(1)

American Values and Sport and Exercise

52

(1)

Reinforcement of American Values Through Sport

53

(3)

The Role and Function of Sport Heroes

56

(5)

Cultural Values in Sport Literature and Film

61

(2)

Cultural Values and Specific Sports

63

(2)

The American Value Structures: Whose Culture Is It?

65

(3)

Disillusionment in American Sport and Exercise

68

(3)

Summary

71

(1)

References

71

(2)

The Dynamics of Social Class and Social Mobility

73

(18)

Class Structure in American Society

74

(1)

Access to Sport and Exercise by Social Class

75

(5)

Social Mobility and the Myth of Meritocracy

80

(5)

Social Mobility and the African American Community

85

(1)

Discrimination by Inclusion

86

(1)

Double Jeopardy

87

(1)

Summary

88

(1)

References

89

(2)

Social Problems in Sport and Exercise

91

(28)

Deviance and Social Problems

93

(1)

Drug Use in Sport and Exercise

93

(4)

Promiscuity, HIV, and Aids

97

(2)

Sport and Exercise Participation and Resultant Addictions

99

(1)

Criminal Behavior and Sport

100

(3)

Gambling and Sport

103

(2)

Violence and Aggression in Sport

105

(7)

Cheating in Sport

112

(3)

Summary

115

(1)

References

116

(3)

Gender and the Sport/Exercise Experience

119

(26)

Gender Roles and the Patriarchal society

121

(2)

Gender and the Legal Syltem

123

(3)

Women in the Workplace

126

(3)

Gender Roles and Men

129

(4)

The Trivialization of Women

133

(1)

Homosexuality in Sport and Exercise

134

(3)

Gender and Women's Health

137

(3)

Feminist Approaches to Organized Sport

140

(1)

Feminist Approaches to Exercise Programs

141

(1)

Summary

142

(1)

References

143

(2)

Race and Ethnicity: Diversity in Sport and Exercise

145

(26)

Historical Perspective

146

(4)

Racial Dominance in Sport

150

(4)

Exploitation and Racial Overstones

154

(1)

Discrimination and Race in Professional Sport

154

(11)

Fitness and Sport Business Connection to Race and Ethnicity

165

(2)

Summary

167

(1)

References

168

(3)

The Fitness and Exercise Industry in a Sedentary Society

171

(20)

The Paradox of Fitness Participation

172

(2)

Social Structure Constraints to a Fit Society

174

(2)

Exercise and the Entrepreneurial Spirit

176

(4)

Exercise and Fitness Scams

180

(3)

Failure of Fitness Promotion Programs

183

(2)

Failure of Exercise Rehabilitation Programs

185

(2)

Holistic Approaches to Exercise

187

(1)

Ecological Approaches to Physical Activity

188

(1)

Future Directions

188

(1)

Summary

189

(1)

References

190

(1)

Sport and the Educational Institution

191

(30)

High School Sport

193

(5)

Intercollegiate Athletics

198

(17)

Gender Equity in Educational Institutions

215

(4)

Summary

219

(1)

References

220

(1)

The Corporate World of Sport

221

(38)

Cartels in Sport

223

(4)

The Cost of Professional Sport

227

(8)

Business Issues and the Players

235

(8)

Municipalities

243

(5)

Business Models of Other Professional Sports

248

(6)

Nike's Role in Professional Sport

254

(1)

Summary

255

(1)

References

256

(3)

Mass Communication and Images of Sport

259

(24)

The Pervasiveness of Media in Sport and Exercise

260

(6)

The Electronic Media and Sport

266

(5)

The Print Media and Sport

271

(3)

Media Relationship of Sport and Exercise to Business

274

(1)

Gender Discriminations and Racism in the Sport and Exercise Media

275

(4)

The Media's Impact on sport and Society

279

(1)

Summary

280

(1)

References

281

(2)

Future Trends in Sport and Exercise

283

(18)

The Future in Transition

284

(1)

Changing American Values

285

(3)

Social Problems: Solution and Change

288

(2)

Projections for the 21st Century

290

(1)

Globalization and Sport

291

(1)

Economic Impact of Sport

292

(1)

Gender Equity and Sport

293

(1)

Ethnic and Racial Diversity and Sport

293

(1)

Media Impact on Sport

294

(1)

Technological Advances in Sport

295

(3)

Sports in the Future

298

(1)

Summary

299

(1)

References

300

(1)

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Sociological Dynamics of Sport and Exercise

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials