Sociology of Deviant Behavior (with InfoTrac)

, by Clinard, Marshall B.; Meier, Robert F.

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ISBN: 9780534619473 | 0534619479
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/21/2003

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This text has been the market leader for more than 40 years. It continues its popularity due to its thorough updating of data, facts, and figures while retaining the basic focus on solid research findings through a sociological point of view. Designed to appeal to today's students, the 12th edition examines topics with relevance for today - cultural and social reactions to deviance; the growing interest in white-collar and corporate crime; and the importance of the Internet and computer communications in changing views on deviance in modern life.

Chapter 1 The Nature and Meaning of Deviance

(27)

What is Deviance?

(5)

Normative Definition

(1)

Alternative Definitions

(3)

Deviance and Society

(17)

Norms

(2)

Differentiation and Deviance

(2)

Subcultures

(4)

The Relativity of Deviance

(2)

Creating Deviance

(3)

Determining Norms and the Content of Deviance

(2)

Two Final Observations

(1)

Summary

(1)

Selected References

(1)

Chapter 2 Deviant Events and Social Control

(23)

Deviant Events

(6)

Deviant Roles

(1)

Deviant Places

(1)

The Deviant Act Over Time

(2)

Deviant Acts and Victims

(1)

Social Control

(6)

Processes of Social Control

(2)

Informal Social Controls

(2)

Formal Social Controls

(2)

Law as an Example of Formal Social Control

(6)

What Kinds of Problems Can the Law Solve?

(3)

Legal Sanctions

(1)

The Irony of Social Control

(3)

Summary

(1)

Selected References

(1)

Chapter 3 Becoming Deviant

(33)

Socialization and Social Roles

(7)

Socialization as Role Taking

(1)

Deviant Role Taking

(4)

Seeing the Deviant's Perspective

(7)

Understanding Deviant Worlds

(2)

Managing Deviance

(4)

Individualistic Theories of Deviance

(14)

Biological Explanations for Deviance

(2)

Psychiatric Model of Deviance

(3)

Psychoanalytic Explanation of Deviance

(1)

Evaluating the Psychiatric and Psychoanalytic Perspectives

(2)

Psychological Explanations of Deviance

(2)

Rational Choice Theories

(3)

Summary

(2)

Selected References

(1)

Chapter 4 Structural Perspectives on Deviance: Anomie and Conflict Theories

(19)

Anomie Theory

(7)

Adapting to Strain

(1)

Extensions of the Anomie Perspective

(2)

Evaluating Anomie Theory

(3)

Conflict Theories

(8)

Deviance and Marxism

(1)

Other Conflict Theorists

(2)

Social Threat

(1)

Left Realism

(1)

Evaluating the Conflict Model

(3)

Summary

100

(1)

Selected References

101

(2)

Chapter 5 Labeling, Control, and Learning Theories of Deviance

103

(26)

Labeling Theory

103

(9)

Deviance as Reaction

105

(1)

Labels That Create Types of Deviants

105

(2)

The Power to Label

107

(1)

Evaluating Labeling Theory

108

(4)

Control Theory

112

(8)

Assumptions and Structure of Control Theory

114

(1)

Crime and Low Self-Control

115

(1)

Evaluating Control Theory

116

(4)

Learning or Socialization Theory

120

(7)

Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association

120

(2)

Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory

122

(1)

Evaluating Learning Theory

123

(4)

Summary

127

(1)

Selected References

128

(1)

Chapter 6 Crimes of Interpersonal Violence

129

(43)

Crime as Deviance

130

(4)

Types of Crimes

130

(2)

Types of Criminals

132

(2)

Assault and Murder

134

(13)

Frequency of Assault and Homicide

134

(2)

Group Variations in Homicide

136

(4)

Interaction Between Offender and Victim

140

(1)

Understanding and Explaining Violence

141

(4)

The Development of Dangerous Violent Offenders

145

(2)

Domestic Violence

147

(9)

Child Abuse

147

(4)

Intimate Partner Violence

151

(5)

Elder Abuse

156

(1)

Forcible Rape

156

(10)

Patterns of Forcible Rape

157

(1)

Date Rape

158

(2)

Male and Prison Rape

160

(1)

The Political Context of Rape

161

(1)

Rape Reporting

162

(1)

Legal Reforms for Rape Cases

163

(2)

Theories of Rape

165

(1)

Society's Reaction to Crimes of Personal Violence

166

(3)

Reactions to Murder

167

(1)

Reactions to Assault

168

(1)

Reactions to Rape

168

(1)

Summary

169

(1)

Selected References

170

(2)

Chapter 7 Nonviolent Crime

172

(30)

Occasional Property Offenders

174

(4)

Auto Theft

174

(1)

Check Forgeries

175

(1)

Shoplifting and Employee Theft

175

(2)

Vandalism

177

(1)

Society's Reaction to Occasional Offenders

177

(1)

Conventional Criminal Careers

178

(5)

Self-Conception of Conventional Offenders

181

(1)

Society's Reaction to Conventional Offenders

181

(2)

Political Criminal Offenders

183

(4)

Crimes Against Governments

183

(2)

Crimes by Governments

185

(2)

Society's Reaction to Political Offenders

187

(1)

Organized Crime and Criminals

187

(8)

Organized Criminals

190

(1)

Organized Criminal Activities

191

(2)

Society's Reaction to Organized Crime

193

(2)

Professional Offenders

195

(4)

Skill

196

(1)

Status

197

(1)

Criminal Associations

197

(1)

Organization

198

(1)

Society's Reaction to Professional Crime

198

(1)

Summary

199

(1)

Selected References

200

(2)

Chapter 8 White-Collar and Corporate Crime

202

(43)

The Example of Computer Crime

204

(2)

A Brief History

206

(2)

Defining White-Collar Crime

208

(6)

Initial Definitions

209

(1)

White-Collar Crime and Criminal Events

210

(4)

Corporate Criminal Behavior

214

(12)

The Turbulent Twenty-First Century

215

(3)

Nature and Types of Corporate Violations

218

(8)

Professional White-Collar Crime and Deviance

226

(2)

Characteristics of White-Collar Offenders

228

(2)

Sophistication

228

(1)

Planning

229

(1)

Self-Concept

229

(1)

Criminal Careers of White-Collar Offenders

230

(1)

Explaining White-Collar Crime

230

(3)

Costs of White-Collar and Corporate Crime

233

(4)

Financial Harm

233

(2)

Physical Harm

235

(1)

Social Costs or Damage to the Moral Climate

236

(1)

Explaining Corporate Criminal Behavior

237

(2)

Controlling White-Collar and Corporate Crime

239

(4)

Public Education

240

(1)

Increasing Ethical Behavior in the Workplace

240

(1)

Legislative Reforms

241

(1)

The Use of Publicity

242

(1)

Summary

243

(1)

Selected References

244

(1)

Chapter 9 Drug Use and Addiction

245

(60)

Drug Taking as Deviance

247

(8)

Social Attitudes About Drugs

249

(4)

Public Policy and the War on Drugs

253

(2)

Legal Drug Use

255

(3)

Types of Illegal Drugs

258

(4)

Marijuana Use

262

(4)

Extent of Marijuana Use

262

(2)

Using Marijuana and Group Support

264

(2)

Marijuana and Heroin

266

(1)

Opiate Use and Addiction

266

(6)

The Meaning of Addiction

266

(2)

Patterns of Heroin Use

268

(1)

Number of Heroin Users

269

(1)

Who Uses Heroin?

270

(2)

Becoming an Opiate Addict

272

(8)

The Process of Addiction

274

(2)

Theories of Addiction

276

(2)

The Addict Subculture

278

(2)

Cocaine Use

280

(7)

The Cocaine Highway

280

(2)

Extent of Cocaine Use

282

(2)

Methods of Use

284

(1)

Consequences of Use

285

(2)

Society's Response to Drug Use and Addiction

287

(14)

Applying Criminal Sanctions

287

(6)

Treatment

293

(5)

Addict Self-Help Programs

298

(3)

Prevention of Drug Use

301

(1)

Media Messages

301

(1)

Drug-Education Programs

301

(1)

Summary

302

(2)

Selected References

304

(1)

Chapter 10 Drunkenness and Alcoholism

305

(50)

Physiological and Behavioral Aspects of Alcohol

306

(4)

Physiological Dimensions

307

(1)

Other Health-Related Effects

307

(1)

Psychological Effects

308

(1)

Prevalence of Drinking in the United States

309

(1)

Types of Drinkers

310

(3)

Drinking as a Social and Group Activity

313

(12)

Variations in Drinking Behavior

314

(3)

Public Drinking Houses

317

(2)

Ethnic Differences in Excessive Drinking

319

(6)

Alcoholism and Problem Drinking

325

(6)

The Extent of Alcoholism and Excessive Drinking

325

(1)

The Costs of Alcoholism

326

(1)

Alcohol-Related Crime

327

(1)

Drunk Driving

328

(3)

Group and Subcultural Influences on Excessive Drinking

331

(7)

Gender Differences in Excessive Drinking

333

(1)

Companions and Excessive Drinking

334

(1)

Drinking Among the Homeless and on Skid Row

335

(1)

Occupation and Excessive Drinking

336

(1)

Religious Differences in Excessive Drinking

337

(1)

Society's Response to Alcohol Use and Alcoholism

338

(14)

Strategies of Social Control

339

(1)

Models of Alcoholism

340

(4)

Public Policy and Public Drunkenness and Alcoholism

344

(1)

Community-Based Treatment Programs

344

(2)

Alcoholics Anonymous

346

(4)

The Continuing Controversy: Can "Recovering" Alcoholics Ever Return to Drinking?

350

(2)

Summary

352

(1)

Selected References

353

(2)

Chapter 11 Sexual Deviance

355

(50)

Sexual Norms

356

(7)

Deviating from Sexual Norms

357

(2)

Social Change and Sexual Behavior

359

(4)

Selected Forms of Sexual Deviance

363

(1)

Extramarital Sex (Adultery)

363

(2)

Sex and the Computer

365

(3)

Sex Work and Prostitution

368

(21)

Nature and Extent

370

(2)

International Dimensions of Sex Work

372

(2)

Types of Prostitutes

374

(2)

Prostitution and Deviant Street Networks

376

(1)

Becoming a Prostitute

377

(4)

Prostitution as a Career

381

(2)

Self-Concept

383

(2)

Prostitution and AIDS

385

(1)

Prostitution and Social Control

386

(3)

Transvestitism

389

(3)

Pornography

392

(10)

Social Regulation of Pornography

395

(2)

Pornography in Everyday Life

397

(2)

The Effects of Pornography

399

(3)

Summary

402

(2)

Selected References

404

(1)

Chapter 12 Suicide

405

(46)

Suicidal Behavior

406

(2)

Historical Background

408

(4)

Public Attitudes Toward Suicide

410

(1)

Attempted Suicide

411

(1)

Extent of Suicide

412

(11)

Variations in Suicide by Country

414

(2)

Social Differentials in Suicide Rates

416

(7)

Types of Suicide

423

(6)

Altruistic Suicide

424

(1)

Egoistic Suicide

425

(1)

Anomic Suicide

426

(1)

Adolescent Suicide

427

(2)

Sociological Theories of Suicide

429

(9)

Social and Religious Integration

429

(1)

Status Integration

430

(1)

Status Frustration

431

(1)

Community Migration

432

(1)

Socialization for Suicide

432

(3)

The Suicide Process

435

(3)

Social Meanings of Suicide

438

(5)

The Purpose of Suicide

438

(3)

Suicide, Mental Disorders, and Hopelessness

441

(2)

Preventing Suicide

443

(3)

Suicide Prevention Centers

443

(2)

Effectiveness of Suicide Prevention Centers

445

(1)

Physician-Assisted Suicide

446

(2)

Summary

448

(2)

Selected References

450

(1)

Chapter 13 Physical Disabilities

451

(35)

Deviance and Physical Disabilities

452

(2)

Definitions and Distinctions

454

(4)

Disabilities and the Idea of Deviance 456

Disability as Deviant Status 457

Disability and the Sick Role

458

(2)

Societal Reaction and Ambivalence Toward Disability

460

(9)

Blindness

461

(2)

Mental Retardation

463

(2)

Physical Handicaps

465

(2)

Obesity

467

(2)

Disability as a Socialization Process

469

(3)

Socialization and Disability

469

(2)

Self-Reactions of the Disabled

471

(1)

Disability as a "Career"

472

(4)

Professionals and Agencies

472

(2)

Subcultures and Groups

474

(1)

The Role of Stigma in the Disability Career

475

(1)

Managing Disability

476

(5)

Passing

478

(1)

Normalizing

478

(1)

Coping

479

(1)

Dissociation

480

(1)

The Americans With Disabilities Act

481

(2)

Summary

483

(2)

Selected References

485

(1)

Chapter 14 Homosexuality, Lesbianism, and Homophobia

486

(58)

The Development of the Notion of Homosexuality

487

(1)

Why Do Some People Regard Homosexuality as Deviant?

488

(1)

Social Dimensions of Homophobia

489

(4)

Homophobic Attitudes

490

(2)

Homophobic Behavior

492

(1)

Law and Public Attitudes

493

(7)

Homosexuality and the Law

493

(2)

Changing Public Attitudes

495

(3)

The Attribution of Homosexuality

498

(2)

Prevalence of Male Homosexuality and Homophobia

500

(4)

Prevalence of Homosexuality

500

(1)

Variations of Homosexuality

501

(3)

Sex Role Socialization and Becoming a Homosexual

504

(17)

Sexual Development

505

(5)

Becoming a Homosexual

510

(4)

Developing a Homosexual Identity

514

(2)

The Coming Out Process

516

(2)

Homosexual Subcultures

518

(3)

Lesbianism

521

(8)

The Nature of Lesbianism

521

(1)

The Extent of Lesbianism

522

(1)

Becoming a Lesbian

523

(3)

Lesbian Self-Concept

526

(1)

Lesbian Subcultures

527

(2)

AIDS and the Homosexual Community

529

(8)

The Disease and its Transmission

530

(3)

The Impact of AIDS

533

(1)

AIDS' Impact on Sexual Behavior

534

(1)

Political Impact

535

(2)

Current Controversies over Homosexuality

537

(4)

Same-Sex Marriages

537

(2)

Homosexuality as a Protected Status

539

(2)

Summary

541

(1)

Selected References

542

(2)

Chapter 15 Mental Disorders

544

The Stigma of Mental Disorders

544

(2)

Psychiatric View of Mental Disorders

546

(5)

The Psychiatric Diagnostic Manual

546

(2)

Organic Mental Disorders

548

(1)

Functional Mental Disorders

548

(3)

Problems of Definition

551

(5)

Statistical Definition of Mental Disorder

552

(1)

Clinical Definition of Mental Disorder

552

(3)

Residual Norms and Societal Reaction

555

(1)

Social Stratification and Mental Disorders

556

(4)

Social Class

557

(1)

Sex Differences

558

(1)

Age

559

(1)

Race and Ethnicity

559

(1)

Marital Status

559

(1)

Social Stress in Mental Disorders

560

(7)

Stress in Modern Life

560

(3)

Stress and Anxiety

563

(1)

Stress in Social Situations

564

(2)

Stress as a Precondition for Mental Disorders

566

(1)

Coping and Social Adaptation

567

(1)

Social Roles and Mental Disorders

567

(7)

Inability to Shift Roles

568

(1)

Performing the Mentally Disordered Role

569

(3)

Self-Reactions and Social Roles

572

(2)

Eating Disorders

574

(9)

Social Dimensions of Eating Disorders

574

(5)

Explaining Eating Disorders

579

(4)

Social Control of Mental Disorders

583

(5)

Mental Hospitals

584

(2)

The Deinstitutionalization Movement

586

(2)

Reducing Stigma

588

(2)

Summary

590

(2)

Selected References

592

References

R-1

Name Index

IN-1

Subject Index

IN-9

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Sociology of Deviant Behavior (with InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials