Software and Hardware Engineering Motorola M68HC11

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ISBN: 9780195110463 | 0195110463
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/27/1997

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Ideal for use in a microprocessor course in electrical engineering or computer science, Software and Hardware Engineering: Motorola M68HC11 provides an introduction to the architecture and design of hardware and software for the Motorola M68HC11. It covers all M68HC11 hardware features, andshows students how to use the Motorola AS11 assembler and the Buffalo Monitor and debugger. The instruction set is described with many examples, and a unique chapter gives complete example programs, including illustrations of how to use assembly language programming to write programs that have beendesigned using high-level pseudo-code. In addition to covering the features common to all members of the M68HC11 family of microcontrollers, it also discusses advanced features. This text can be used as a supplement with its companion volume, Microcontrollers and Microcomputers: Principles of Hardware and Software Engineering, or with any other book that explains the general principles of microcomputer technology. The text is accompanied by an instructor's manual whichincludes problem solutions, a course outline, and a selection of laboratory exercises. A World Wide Web site provides an errata and other additional information: http://www.coe.montana.edu/ee/cady/cadyhmpg.htm

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

(4)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Computers, Microprocessors, Microcomputers, Microcontrollers

(2)

1.3 Some Basic Definitions

(1)

1.4 Notation

(1)

1.5 Further Reading

(1)

1.6 References

(1)

Chapter 2 Introduction to the M68HC11 Hardware

(12)

2.1 Chapter Prestudy Material

(1)

2.2 Introduction

(2)

2.3 CPU and Registers

(2)

The Programmer's CPU Model

(2)

Control Registers

(1)

2.4 Addressing Modes

(4)

Immediate Addressing

(2)

Direct and Extended Addressing

(1)

Indexed Addressing

(1)

Inherent Addressing

(1)

Relative Addressing

(1)

2.5 Reset

(2)

The Reset Action

(2)

Causes of Reset

(1)

Reset Summary

(1)

2.6 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

(1)

2.7 Further Reading

(1)

2.8 Problems

(1)

Chapter 3 Motorola AS11 Assembler

(18)

3.1 Assembly Language Example

(1)

3.2 M68HC11 AS11 Assembler

(1)

3.3 Assembler Source Code Fields

(5)

Lable Field

(1)

Opcode or Operation Field

(1)

Operand Field

(4)

Comment Field

(1)

3.4 Assembler Directives

(7)

Set the Program Counter

(1)

Defining Symbols

(1)

Reserving Memory Locations

(1)

Defining Constants in Memory

(2)

Miscellaneous Directives

(2)

3.5 Assembler Output Files

(1)

3.6 Assembler Invocation

(1)

3.7 Assembler Error Messages

(1)

3.8 Chapter Summary Points

(1)

3.9 Problems

(1)

Chapter 4 The M68HC11 Instruction Set

(45)

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 M68HC11 Instruction Set Categories

(2)

4.3 Load and Store Register Instructions

(8)

Eight-Bit Load and Store Instructions

(3)

Sixteen-Bit Load and Store Instructions

(2)

Stack Instructions

(3)

4.4 Transfer Register Instructions

(2)

4.5 Decrement and Increment Instructions

(2)

4.6 Clear and Set Instructions

(1)

4.7 Shift and Rotate Instructions

(8)

4.8 Arithmetic Instructions

(6)

Add and Subtract

(3)

Decimal Arithmetic

(1)

Negating Instructions

(1)

Multiplication

(1)

Fractional Number Arithmetic

(2)

Division

(1)

Mathematics Coprocessor

(1)

4.9 Logic Instructions

(1)

4.10 Data Test Instructions

(1)

4.11 Conditional Branch Instructions

(3)

Signed and Unsigned Conditional Branches

(3)

4.12 Unconditional Jump and Branch Instructions

(3)

Branches and Subroutines

(2)

4.13 Condition Code Register Instructions

(1)

4.14 Inerrupt Instructions

(1)

4.15 Miscellaneous Instructions

(3)

4.16 Advanced Instruction Set Details

(1)

4.17 Chapter Summary Points

(1)

4.18 Further Reading

(1)

4.19 Problems

(1)

Chapter 5 Buffalo Monitor and Debugger

(9)

5.1 M68HC11 EVB Buffalo Monitor

(1)

Entering the Monitor

(1)

Command Line Format

(1)

5.2 Monitor Commands

(4)

5.3 Monitor Utility Routines

(2)

5.4 Buffalo Monitor Interrupt Jump Vector Table

(1)

5.5 Operating Hints for the Buffalo Monitor

(1)

5.6 Problems

(1)

Chapter 6 AS11 Programs for the M68HC11

(24)

6.1 Assembly Language Programming Style

(8)

Source Code Style

(4)

To Indent or Not to Indent

(1)

Upper and Lower Case

(1)

Use Equates, Not Magic Numbers

(3)

Using Boilerplate Files

(1)

Using Monitor Routines

(1)

Commenting Style

(1)

Subroutine or Function Headers

(1)

6.2 Structured Assembly Language Programming

(5)

Sequence

(1)

If-Then-Else Decision

(1)

While-Do Repetition

(2)

Do-While Repetition

100

(2)

6.3 Example Programs

102

(7)

6.4 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

1109

(1)

6.5 Further Reading

110

(1)

6.6 Problems

110

(3)

Chapter 7 M68HC11 Parallel I/O

113

(28)

7.1 Introduction

113

(1)

7.2 Operating Modes

113

(4)

Normal Single-Chip Mode

115

(1)

Normal Expanded Mode

115

(2)

7.3 The Programmer's Model

117

(2)

7.4 M68HC11 Parallel I/O Ports

119

(9)

Port B

119

(1)

Port A

119

(3)

Port C

122

(2)

Port D

124

(3)

Port E

127

(1)

7.5 Handshaking I/O

128

(8)

Simple Strobed I/O

128

(2)

Full Handshaking I/O

130

(6)

7.6 I/O Software

136

(2)

Real-Time Synchronization

136

(1)

Polled I/O

136

(2)

7.7 Chapter Summary Points

138

(1)

7.8 Further Reading

139

(1)

7.9 Problems

139

(2)

Chapter 8 M68HC11 Interrupts

141

(24)

8.1 Introduction

141

(1)

8.2 Interrupt Process

142

(2)

The Interrupt Enable

142

(1)

The Interrupt Disable

142

(1)

The Interrupt Request

142

(1)

The Interrupt Sequence

143

(1)

The Interrupt Return

143

(1)

8.3 Interrupt Vectors

144

(1)

Dedicated System Vetors

144

(1)

Buffalo Monitor Interrupt Vector Jump Table

145

(1)

8.4 Interrupt Priorities

145

(2)

8.5 Nonmaskable Interrupts

147

(2)

RESET

148

(1)

Software Interrupt--SWI

148

(1)

Clock Monitor Failure

148

(1)

Cop Failure

148

(1)

Illegal Opcode Trap

149

(1)

Nonmaskable Interrupt Request XIRQ

149

(1)

8.6 Parallel I/O System Interrupts

149

(2)

Other Internal Interrupt Sources

151

(1)

8.7 Advanced Interrupts

151

(2)

Shared IRQ and Parallel I/O Interrupt Vector

151

(1)

Polling for Multiple External Devices

151

(1)

Selecting Edge or Level Triggering

152

(1)

What to Do While Waiting For an Interrupt

152

(1)

8.8 The Interrupt Service Routine

153

(6)

Interrupt Service Routine Hints

154

(1)

A Dedicated System ISR Example

155

(4)

Buffalo Monitor ISR Examples

159

(1)

8.9 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

159

(4)

8.10 Further Reading

163

(1)

8.11 Problems

163

(2)

Chapter 9 M68HC11 Memories

165

(20)

9.1 Introduction

165

(1)

9.2 M68HC11 Memory Map

165

(1)

9.3 M68HC11 RAM

166

(1)

9.4 M68HC11 ROM

167

(1)

9.5 M68HC11 EPROM

168

(1)

9.6 M68HC11 EEPROM

168

(4)

EEPROM Reading

168

(1)

EEPROM Programming Register

168

(2)

EEPROM Programming Voltage

170

(1)

EEPROM Programming

170

(1)

EEPROM Erasing

171

(1)

9.7 Memory Timing in Expanded-Mode Operation

172

(1)

9.8 Extending M68HC11 Memory Addresses

173

(10)

9.9 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

183

(1)

9.10 Further Reading

183

(1)

9.11 Problems

184

(1)

Chapter 10 M68HC11 Timer

185

(40)

10.1 Introduction

185

(2)

10.2 Basic Timer

187

(6)

Prescaler

187

(1)

Sixteen-Bit Free Running TCNT Register

187

(1)

Timmer Overflow Flag

188

(1)

Timmer Overflow Interrupts

189

(4)

10.3 Output Compare

193

(9)

Output Compare Time Delays

194

(1)

Output Compare Interrupts

195

(2)

Output Compare Bit Operation

197

(1)

One Output Compare Controlling Up to Five Outputs

198

(2)

Very Short Duration Pulses

200

(1)

Forced Output Compares

200

(2)

10.4 Input Capture

202

(4)

10.5 Real-Time Interrupt

206

(1)

10.6 Computer Operating Properly--COP

207

(2)

10.7 Pulse Accumulator

209

(4)

Pulse Accumulator Interrupts

211

(2)

10.8 Pulse-Width Modulation

213

(6)

Pulse-Width Modulator Clock Control

213

(2)

Pulse-Width Modulation Control Registers

215

(3)

Choosing Pulse-Width Modulation Prescale Values

218

(1)

10.9 External Interrupts Using Timer Interrupts

219

(1)

10.10 Clearing Timmer Flags

219

(3)

10.11 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

222

(1)

10.12 Problems

222

(3)

Chapter 11 M68HC11 Serial I/O

225

(23)

11.1 Introduction

225

(1)

11.2 Asychronous Serial Communications Interface--SCI

225

(9)

SCI Data

226

(1)

SCI Initialization

227

(2)

SCI Status Flags

229

(2)

SCI Interrupts

231

(1)

SCI Wake Up

232

(2)

SCI Break Character

234

(1)

SCI Programming Example

234

(1)

11.3 Enhanced SCI

234

(5)

11.4 Sychronous Serial Peripheral Interface--SPI

239

(5)

Interprocessor Serial Communications

239

(1)

SPI Data Register

239

(1)

SPI Initialization

240

(3)

SPI Status Register and Interrupts

243

(1)

SPI Interrupts

244

(1)

11.5 Enhanced SPI

244

(1)

11.6 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points

245

(1)

11.7 Further Reading

246

(1)

11.8 Problems

246

(2)

Chapter 12 M68HC11 Analog Input and Output

248

(10)

12.1 Introduction

248

(1)

12.2 M68HC11 A/D Converter

248

(5)

A/D Initialization

249

(2)

A/D Operation

251

(2)

12.3 A/D I/O Synchronization

253

(1)

12.4 A/D Programming Example

254

(1)

12.5 Digital-to-Analog Converter

254

(2)

12.6 Chapter Summary Points

256

(1)

12.7 Further Reading

256

(1)

12.8 Problems

257

(1)

Chapter 13 Advanced M68HC11 Hardware

258

(15)

13.1 Hardware Mode Select

258

(1)

Special Test Mode

258

(1)

Special Bootstrap Mode

258

(1)

13.2 Configuration Control Register

259

(2)

13.3 System Option Register

261

(2)

13.4 Security Mode

263

(1)

13.5 M68HC11 Math Coprocessor

263

(9)

Math Coprocessor Operations

267

(4)

Math Coprocessor Interrupts

271

(1)

13.6 Further Reading

272

(1)

Chapter 14 The Motorola M68HC11EVB

273

(8)

14.1 Introduction

273

(1)

14.2 EVB Components and Circuits

273

(4)

MCU I/O Port Connector

275

(1)

Power Supply

275

(1)

Reset Circuits

275

(1)

CPU Crystal Clock Oscillator

275

(1)

M68HC11

275

(2)

14.3 I/O Ports

277

(1)

Port A

277

(1)

Port B and Port C

277

(1)

Port D

277

(1)

Port E

277

(1)

Interrupts

278

(1)

14.4 M68HC11 Expanded Mode

278

(1)

Address Decoding

278

(1)

External ROM

278

(1)

External RAM/EPROM Socket

279

(1)

External RAM

279

(1)

M68HC11 Port Replacement Unit

279

(1)

E-Clock

279

(1)

14.5 Serial I/O Interface

279

(1)

M6850 Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter

279

(1)

RS-232-C Interface

280

(1)

14.6 Chapter Summary Points

280

(1)

14.7 Further Reading

280

(1)

Appendix A M68HC11 Resources

281

(4)

A.1 Internet Resources

281

(2)

The World Wide Web

281

(1)

EMAIL List Servers

282

(1)

FTP

283

(1)

A.2 Motorola Application Notes and Literature

283

(1)

A.3 Hardware and Software Vendors

284

(1)

Appendix B M68HC11 Family

285

(4)

B.1 The M68HC11 Family of Microcontrollers

285

(3)

B.2 M68HC11 Part Numbering and Packaging

288

(1)

Solutions to Chapter Problems

289

(16)

Index

305

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Software and Hardware Engineering Motorola M68HC11

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