Software Networks Virtualization, SDN, 5G, and Security

Software Networks describe new concepts for the Internets next generation. This architecture is based on virtual networking using Cloud and datacenter facilities. The main problems to be dealt with are the placement of virtual resources for opening a new network on the fly, and the urbanization of virtual resources implemented on physical network equipment. The digital architecture also deals with mechanisms capable of automatically controlling the placement of all virtual resources within the physical network.

This book describes how to create and delete virtual networks on the fly. Indeed, the system is able to create any new network with any kind of virtual resource (e.g. switches, routers, LSRs, optical paths, firewalls, SIP-based servers, devices, servers, access points, etc.). Software Networks shows how this architecture is compatible with new advances in SDN (Software Defined Networking), new high-speed transport protocols such as TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) and LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol), NGN, IMS, new generation Wi-Fi, and 4G/5G networks. Finally, the author introduces Clouds of security and the virtualization of secure elements (smartcards) that could certainly transform how to secure the Internet.

For this second edition, the author addresses in five new chapters the importance of open source software for networks, mobile edge computing, fog networking, tactile internet ? a network environment allowing remote access, and security ? the use of Cloud of security, secure elements and the emergence of the blockchain.

Introduction xi

Chapter 1. Virtualization 1

1.1. Software networks 4

1.2. Hypervisors and containers 6

1.3. Kubernetes 8

1.4. Software networks 9

1.5. Virtual devices 11

1.6. Conclusion 12

Chapter 2. SDN (Software-Defined Networking) 13

2.1. The objective 14

2.2. The ONF architecture 16

2.3. NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) 21

2.4. OPNFV 23

2.5. Southbound interface 23

2.6. The controller 25

2.7. Northbound interface 26

2.8. Application layer 27

2.9. Urbanization 28

2.10. Conclusion 30

Chapter 3. Fabric, SD-WAN, vCPE, vRAN, vEPC 33

3.1. Fabrics control 33

3.2. NSX and VMware company 35

3.2.1. CISCO ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure) 39

3.2.2. OpenContrail and Juniper 40

3.2.3. Brocade 42

3.2.4. Nokia’s SDN architecture 43

3.3. SD-WAN 43

3.4. vCPE 47

3.5. vRAN 48

3.6. vEPC 49

Chapter 4. Open Source Software for Networks 51

4.1. Open source software 51

4.2. Open Compute Project (OCP) 53

4.3. OPNFV 54

4.4. ONAP (Open Network Automation Protocol) 61

4.5. Open vSwitch 64

4.6. OpenDaylight platform 65

4.7. FD.io 66

4.8. PNDA 67

4.9. SNAS 68

Chapter 5. MEC 69

5.1. eNodeB and gNodeB virtualization 70

5.2. C-RAN 74

Chapter 6. Fog Networking 79

6.1. Fog architectures 79

6.2. Fog controllers 82

6.3. Fog and the Internet of Things 86

6.4. Conclusion on the Fog solution 87

Chapter 7. Skin Networking 89

7.1. Skin networking architecture 89

7.2. Virtual access points 90

7.3. Software LANs 92

7.4. Participatory Internet 94

7.5. Conclusion 96

Chapter 8. Software Network Automation 97

8.1. Automation of the implementation of software networks 97

8.2. Management of a complex environment 99

8.3. Multi-agent systems 101

8.4. Reactive agent systems 105

8.5. Active, programmable and autonomous networks 107

8.6. Autonomic networks 109

8.7. Conclusion 113

Chapter 9. New-generation Protocols 115

9.1. OpenFlow 117

9.2. VXLAN 123

9.3. NVGRE 124

9.4. MEF Ethernet 125

9.5. Carrier-Grade Ethernet 126

9.6. TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of a Lot of Links) 129

9.7. LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol) 131

9.8. Conclusion 132

Chapter 10. Mobile Cloud Networking, the Mobile Cloud and Mobility Control 133

10.1. Mobile Cloud Networking 133

10.2. Mobile Cloud 137

10.3. Mobility control 139

10.4. Mobility protocols 143

10.4.1. Mobile IP or MIP 144

10.4.2. Solutions for micromobility 145

10.5. Multihoming 146

10.6. Network-level multihoming 148

10.6.1. HIP (Host Identity Protocol) 149

10.6.2. SHIM6 (Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6) 150

10.6.3. mCoA (Multiple Care-of-Addresses) in Mobile IPv6 151

10.7. Transport-level multihoming 153

10.7.1. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) 153

10.7.2. CMT (Concurrent Multipath Transfer) 157

10.7.3. MPTCP (Multipath TCP) 159

10.8. Conclusion 160

Chapter 11. Wi-Fi and 5G 161

11.1. 3GPP and IEEE 162

11.2. New-generation Wi-Fi 163

11.2.1. Wi-Fi 5 (IEEE 802.11ac) 164

11.2.2. IEEE 802.11ad 166

11.2.3. IEEE 802.11af 167

11.2.4. Halow (IEEE 802.11ah) 168

11.2.5. Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax) and super WiGig (IEEE 802.11ay) 169

11.3. Small cells 170

11.3.1. Femtocells 171

11.3.2. Hotspots 174

11.3.3. Wi-Fi Passpoint 175

11.3.4. Virtualization of Wi-Fi and HNB 179

11.3.5. Backhaul networks 182

11.4. Software radio and radio virtual machine 184

11.5. 5G 185

11.5.1. 5G radio 189

11.5.2. The core network 192

11.5.3. C-RAN 193

Chapter 12. The Internet of Things 197

12.1. Sensor networks 198

12.2. RFID 200

12.3. NFC (Near-Field Communication) 204

12.4. NFC contactless payment 206

12.5. HIP (Host Identity Protocol) 207

12.6. Healthcare Internet 207

12.7. Case study: the smart city 210

12.8. Conclusion 213

Chapter 13. Vehicular Networks 215

13.1. 5G 217

13.2. 5G standardization 220

13.2.1. 5G vehicular networks 220

13.2.2. Technological presentation of C-V2X 222

13.3. VLC 224

13.4. Conclusion 226

Chapter 14. Tactile Internet 227

14.1. Tactile internet applications 227

14.2. Functionalities required for the tactile internet 229

14.3. Technical specifications for 5G 232

14.4. Tactile internet in Industry 4.0 234

14.5. Conclusion on tactile internet 235

Chapter 15. Security 237

15.1. Secure element 239

15.2. Secure elements-based solution 242

15.2.1. Virtual secure elements 242

15.2.2. The TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) 244

15.2.3. TSM 245

15.2.4. Solution without a TSM 249

15.2.5. HCE 250

15.2.6. Securing solutions 250

15.3. The blockchain 256

15.4. Conclusion 257

Chapter 16. Concretization and Morphware Networks 259

16.1. Accelerators 260

16.2. A reconfigurable microprocessor 261

16.3. Morphware networks 266

16.4. Conclusion 268

Conclusion 269

References 271

Index 273

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