Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey, 1920-1991:

Gokay provides an enlightening book that traces the relationship between the Soviet Union and Turkey on the one hand, and the Soviet Union and the Turkish Communist Party on the other, from the consolidation of the communist regime in Moscow until its fall. The book considers how 'Soviet Eastern Policy' was formed, how it changed over time, what the Soviet leaders hoped to gain in Turkey, and what impact Soviet policy had on the development of the Turkish communist movement. It is a valuable resource for students and scholars with an interest in Russian and Soviet politics and international relations.

Bulent Gokay is Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Keele University.

Foreword

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Abbreviations and terms

xii

1 Introduction

1

(13)

Understanding Soviet foreign policy

3

(3)

'Soviet Eastern policy'

6

(3)

Soviet Eastern policy and Turkey

9

(5)

2 The opening act

14

(22)

End of the First World War: the Soviet Union and Turkey

14

(2)

Initial contacts

16

(4)

A strong wind blows from the East

20

(3)

Murder in the Black Sea

23

(7)

A British spy in Ankara

30

(2)

Budu Mdivani

32

(4)

3 The inter-war years

36

(12)

The 1925 Kurdish Revolt and the beginning of illegality for the communists

39

(3)

Nazim Hikmet: poet of revolution

42

(2)

Sefik Husnü's Aydinlik and the Komintern

44

(4)

4 The Second World War years

48

(15)

Turkish 'neutrality'

50

(6)

Struggle against fascism and single-party dictatorship, 1943-46

56

(3)

Stalin: the 'new' Tsar decides to take the Straits

59

(4)

5 The Cold War starts

63

(18)

Turning Turkey into a 'Little America'

71

(1)

Turkish troops in Korea and suppression of communists at home

72

(4)

Turkish 'contra-guerrillas' and 'revolution by radio'

76

(5)

6 The door opens

81

(17)

The 27 May 1960 military coup

86

(2)

A brave new beginning: a legal socialist party, 1961-71

88

(2)

The 1968 generation in Turkey

90

(3)

Revolutionary trade unions

93

(2)

The military coup of 1971

95

(3)

7 The 1974-80 period

98

(13)

1973: a great leap forward

100

(2)

Cyprus and the Turkish communists

102

(5)

May Day 1977 and 'deep state'

107

(1)

'Communist police' — towards a civil war, 1978-79

108

(3)

8 Finale: 'Workers of the world, we're sorry'

111

(8)

The military coup of September 1980

113

(2)

The end of the Party

115

(2)

Communism in Turkey in retrospect

117

(2)

Appendices

119

(24)

1 Baku Congress of the Peoples of the East

119

(5)

2 TKP Central Committee's May Day Statement, 1930

124

(1)

3 Statement of the new policy of the TKP, 1936

125

(1)

4 A British secret report on 'Communism in Turkey', 1951

126

(6)

5 Nazim's poem on Hacioglu Salih

132

(1)

6 A member of the TKP describes why he joined the Party

133

(2)

7 Report of the ILO on members of the DISK in prison

135

(8)

Illustrations

143

(8)

Notes

151

(18)

Select bibliography

169

(11)

Index

180

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Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey, 1920-1991: Soviet Foreign Policy, Turkey and Communism

Summary

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Table of Contents

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