Space Physics and Aeronomy, Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics

A comprehensive overview of the structure and variability of the upper atmosphere

Earth's upper atmosphere is an open system that is strongly influenced by energy and momentum inputs from both above and below. New observation and modeing techniques have provided insights into dynamics, energetics, and chemical processes in the upper atmosphere.

Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics presents an overview of key research advances in upper atmospheric physics, and measurement and modeling techniques, along with remaining challenges for understanding the state and variability of the upper atmospheric system.

Volume highlights include:

• Insights into the interconnections between different areas of upper atmospheric science
• Appreciation of the dynamics and complexity of the global upper atmospheric system
• Techniques for observing and measuring the upper atmosphere
• Responses of the upper atmosphere to external drivers

The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief

Wenbin Wang, Project Scientist, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Yongliang Zhang, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, USA.

Preface
Wenbin Wang and Yongliang Zhang

Section I: Energetics and Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere

1.1 Joule Heating in the Thermosphere
Arthur D. Richmond

1.2 Momentum and Energy Budgets in the High-Latitude Lower Thermospheric Wind System
Young-Sil Kwakand Arthur D. Richmond

1.3 Upper Thermospheric Winds: Forcing, Variability and Effects
Wenbin Wang, Alan G. Burns, and Jing Liu

1.4 Influence of Non-hydrostatic Processes on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere
Yue Deng, Cissi Y. Lin, Qingyu Zhu, and Cheng Sheng

1.5 The Middle and Low Latitude Neutral Wind Dynamo
Astrid Maute

Section II: Upper Atmospheric Composition

2.1 Neutral Composition in the Upper Atmosphere
Alan G. Burns, Wenbin Wang, and Liying Qian

2.2 Storm-time Neutral Composition Changes of the Upper Atmosphere
Yongliang Zhang and Larry J. Paxton

2.3 Neutral Hydrogen in the Terrestrial Thermosphere and Exosphere: A Ground-based Perspective
Edwin Mierkiewicz

Section III: Low and Upper Atmosphere Coupling Through Waves

3.1 Atmosphere-Ionosphere (A-I) Coupling by Solar and Lunar Tides
Jeffrey M. Forbes

3.2 Planetary Waves and Their Impact on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Ionosphere
Jia Yue, Ruth Lieberman, and Loren C. Chang

3.3 Longitudinal Variation in the Mass Density of the Thermosphere: A GAIA Simulation
Yasunobu Miyoshi

Section IV: Upper Atmosphere Structure and Variability

4.1 Equatorial Thermosphere Anomaly
Jiuhou Lei

4.2 Structured Polar Ionosphere and Its Drivers: A Review
Jing Liu, Wenbin Wang, Alan G. Burns, and Qinghe Zhang

4.3 Solar Flare Effects on the Thermosphere and Ionosphere
Liying Qian and Thomas N. Woods

4.4 Day-to-day Variability of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere
Huixin Liu, Yosuke Yamazaki, and Jiuhou Lei

4.5 Response of the Ionosphere to Varying Solar Fluxes
Libo Liu, Yiding Chen, and Huijun Le

4.6 Long-Term Trends in the Upper Atmosphere
Jan Laštovièka

Section V: Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation

5.1 Inference of Hidden States by Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Data Assimilation: Applications to Observability and Predictability of Neutral Mass Density
Tomoko Matsuo and Chih-Ting Hsu

Section VI: Upper Atmosphere Observations

6.1 The Ground-based Airglow Imager Network in China–Recent Observational Results
Jiyao Xu, Qinzeng Li, Longchang Sun, Xiao Liu, Wei Yuan, Wenbin Wang, Jia Yue, Shunrong Zhang, Weijun Liu, Guoying Jiang, Kun Wu, Hong Gao, and Chang Lai

6.2 MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric Lidars
Chiao-Yao She, Alan Z. Liu, TaoYuan, Jia Yue, Tao Li, Chao Ban, and Jonathan S. Friedman

6.3 Remote Sensing of Magnetic Fields Induced by Electrojets From Space: Measurement Techniques and Sensor Design
Jeng-Hwa Yee, Jesper Gjerloev, and Dongliang Wu

6.4 Remote Sensing of Global Lower Thermospheric Winds: Sensing Techniques and Sensor Design
Jeng-Hwa Yee, Imran Mehdi, Darren Hayton, Jose Siles, and Dongliang Wu

6.5 Exploring the Upper Atmosphere: Using Optical Remote Sensing
Larry J. Paxton, Yongliang Zhang, Hyosub Kil, and Robert K. Schaefer

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