Speaking of America Readings in U.S. History, Vol. I: To 1877

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ISBN: 9780495050179 | 0495050172
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/24/2006

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Explore a wide array of primary documents, poems, short stories, song lyrics, article excerpts, and news accounts encompassing multicultural and regional perspectives in SPEAKING OF AMERICA: READINGS IN U.S. HISTORY, VOLUME I:TO 1877, an interdisciplinary source reader. The selected readings address important episodes in politics, economics, and foreign policy as well as social and cultural changes. Both famous and ordinary Americans are featured.

PREFACE

xiv

A NOTE TO THE STUDENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xvii

1 Cultures Meet

(23)

1.1 Christopher Columbus, Journal (1492)

(2)

1.2 Bartolemé de Las Casas, Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies (1542)

(4)

1.3 John Smith Describes the Founding of Jamestown (1607)

(3)

1.4 John Winthrop, Reasons for Emigrating to New England (1629)

(2)

1.5 William Bradford on Sickness among the Natives (1633)

(2)

1.6 The Indians of the Six Nations to William & Mary College (1744)

(1)

1.7 Jesuit Comparison of French and Native Life (1657-1658)

(3)

1.8 Jesuit Observations on the "Enslavement" of Native American Women (1610-1614)

(2)

1.9 Reverend John Heckewelder Challenges European Stereotypes of Native American Gender Relations (1819)

(3)

2 Colonial Society

(43)

2.1 The London Company Instructs the Governor in Virginia (1622)

(2)

2.2 The Experiences of an Indentured Servant in Virginia (1623)

(2)

2.3 Race, Gender, and Servitude in Virginia Law (1661-1691)

(3)

2.4 Trial and Interrogation of Hutchinson (1637)

(4)

2.5 Edward Randolph, the Causes and Results of King Philip's War (1675)

(3)

2.6 Mary Rowlandson, Captivity Narrative (1682)

(4)

2.7 The Examination and Confession of Ann Foster at Salem Village (1692)

(2)

2.8 Pennsylvania, the Poor Man's Paradise (1698)

(2)

2.9 Images of the Rise of a Consumer Society (1729-1750)

(3)

John Smibert, Dean Berkeley and His Entourage (The Bermuda Group)

(1)

Roy Blunt, Drayton Hall, Charleston, .South Carolina

(1)

Leonard Battee, Queen Anne Highboy

(1)

2.10 John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina (1709)

(4)

2.11 Reverend Charles Woodmason on Religion in the Carolina Backcountry (1767-1768)

(3)

2.12 Olaudah Equiano Recalls the Horrors of the Middle Passage (1756)

(3)

2.13 Alexander Falconbridge, the African Slave Trade (1788)

(3)

2.14 A Puritan Prescription for Marital Concord (1712)

(2)

2.15 Jane Colman Turell, "Lines on Childbirth" (1741)

(2)

3 The Spirit of Revolution

(36)

3.1 Jonathan Edwards, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" (1741)

(2)

3.2 Thomas Hutchinson Recounts the Mob Reaction to the Stamp Act in Boston (1765)

(3)

3.3 Benjamin Franklin, Testimony Against the Stamp Act (1766)

(4)

3.4 Milcah Martha Moore, "The Female Patriots: Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America" (1768)

(1)

3.5 Captain Thomas Preston's Account of the Boston Massacre (1770)

(3)

3.6 Paul Revere, Image of The Bloody Massacre (1770)

(2)

3.7 Samuel Adams, "The Rights of the Colonists" (1772)

(2)

3.8 "Plain English," Reign of King Mob (1775)

(2)

3.9 Thomas Paine, Introduction to Common Sense (1776)

(3)

3.10 John Dickinson, A Speech Against Independence (1776)

(3)

3.11 Joseph Brant Pledges Mohawk Loyalty to Britain (1776)

(2)

3.12 Abigail and John Adams on Women's Rights (1776)

(3)

3.13 James Thacher Describes the Battle of Trenton (1777)

(2)

3.14 An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery (1780)

100

(3)

4 We the People

103

(46)

4.1 Thomas Jefferson Calls for Religious Freedom in Virginia (1786)

105

(3)

4.2 The Northwest Ordinance (1787)

108

(4)

4.3 General Benjamin Lincoln Recalls Shays's Rebellion (1786)

112

(2)

4.4 James Madison, Federalist Number 10 (1788)

114

(4)

4.5 Patrick Henry, Speech to the Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)

118

(4)

4.6 The Bill of Rights (1791)

122

(3)

4.7 Thomas Jefferson on Slavery and Race (1781-1787)

125

(3)

4.8 Benjamin Banneker to Thomas Jefferson (1791)

128

(3)

4.9 Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" (1790)

131

(4)

4.10 Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufactures (1791)

135

(6)

4.11 George Washington's "Farewell Address" (1796)

141

(3)

4.12 A Republican Broadside (1796)

144

(2)

4.13 James Madison, the Virginia Resolutions (1798)

146

(3)

5 A New Nation

149

(48)

5.1 Solomon on Gabriel's Rebellion (1800)

151

(2)

5.2 Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address (1801)

153

(4)

5.3 Thomas Jefferson Instructs Robert Livivsion (1802)

157

(3)

5.4 John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison (180)

160

(5)

5.5 Lewis and Clark Reach the Pacific Ocean (1805)

165

(3)

5.6 Lessons from a New England Primer (1807)

168

(2)

5.7 Images of American Indians (1804, 1821)

170

(2)

John Vanderlyn, Murder of Jane McCrea, (1804)

171

(1)

Charles Bird King, Young Omahaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees, (1821)

171

(1)

5.8 Tecumseh's Plea to the Choctaws and the Chickasaws (1811)

172

(3)

5.9 The Niles Weekly Register Pushes for War (1812)

175

(3)

5.10 Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention (1815)

178

(3)

5.11 John Luttig Describes the Western Fur Trade (1812)

181

(4)

5.12 James Flint Recalls the Panic of 1819 (1822)

185

(3)

5.13 James Tallmadge Denounces Slavery in Missouri (1819)

188

(3)

5.14 The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

191

(2)

5.15 Henry Clay Calls for Economic Development (1824)

193

(4)

6 Antebellum Politics and Reform

197

(32)

6.1 Margaret Bayard Smith on Andrew Jackson's Inaugural (1829)

198

(2)

6.2 Davy Crockett, Advice to Politicians (1833)

200

(2)

6.3 George Caleb Bingham, County Election (1852)

202

(2)

6.4 The Cherokees Resist Removal (1830)

204

(2)

6.5 Andrew Jackson's Second Annual Message to Congress (1830)

206

(2)

6.6 John C. Calhoun, South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)

208

(3)

6.7 Daniel Webster's Second Reply to Robert Y. Hayne (1830)

211

(2)

6.8 Bishop McIlvaine Decries the Curse of Intemperance (Undated)

213

(2)

6.9 Dorothea Dix Calls for Humane Treatment of the Mentally Ill (1843)

215

(2)

6.10 Horace Mann on Educational Reform (1840)

217

(2)

6.11 Women Workers Protest "Lowell Wage Slavery" (1847)

219

(2)

6.12 David Walker, Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World (1829)

221

(3)

6.13 William Lloyd Garrison on Slavery (1831)

224

(2)

6.14 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

226

(3)

7 Social and Cultural Change, 1820-1865

229

(31)

7.1 Joshua and Sally Wilson, Letters to George Wilson (1823)

230

(2)

7.2 Catharine Beecher on Domestic Economy (1841)

232

(4)

7.3 Henry Clarke Wright on Marriage and Parentage (1858)

236

(1)

7.4 Peter Cartwright, "A Muscular Christian" (1830)

237

(3)

7.5 Joseph Smith, The Wentworth Letter (1842)

240

(3)

7.6 Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1831)

243

(2)

7.7 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835)

245

(3)

7.8 The Wonders of Phrenology Revealed (1841)

248

(1)

7.9 Nathaniel Hawthorne, A Letter from Brook Farm (1841)

249

(2)

7.10 John Humphrey Noyes on Free Love at Oneida (1865)

251

(2)

7.11 "Jim Crow," A Minstrel Song (undated)

253

(2)

7.12 Walt Whitman, "Song if Myself" (1855)

255

(3)

7.13 John Neagle, Pat Lyon at the Forge (1826-1827)

258

(2)

8 Slavery and the Old South

260

(32)

8.1 Anne Newport Royall Describes the Alabama Frontier (1821)

261

(2)

8.2 Life in the Pine Woods (1831)

263

(2)

8.3 Managing the Butler Estate (1828)

265

(4)

8.4 Fanny Kemble Describes Plantation Slavery (1863)

269

(2)

8.5 Religion as Social Control: A Catechism for Slaves (1854)

271

(2)

8.6 George Fitzhugh Defends Southern Society (1854)

273

(2)

8.7 Daniel Hundley, The Southern Yeoman (1860)

275

(2)

8.8 Nat Turner's "Confession" (1831)

277

(5)

8.9 Frederick Douglass on Slavery (1845)

282

(2)

8.10 Uncle Ben on the Punishment of Slaves (1910)

284

(1)

8.11 Slave Music and Resistance

285

(2)

8.12 Benjamin Drew, Narratives of Escaped Slaves (1855)

287

(2)

8.13 Images of Slavery

289

(3)

A Slave Auction in Virginia (1861)

290

(1)

Five Generations on Smith's Plantation, Beau fort, South Carolina (1862)

290

(1)

Household Servant with Child, circa 1860

291

(1)

Untitled Image of Whipping Scars (1863)

291

(1)

9 Moving Westward

292

(32)

9.1 Sharitarish on Indian Life (1822)

293

(2)

9.2 George Catlin on Pigeon's Egg Head (1837-1839, 1842)

295

(6)

9.3 Richard Henry Dana on the Coast of California (1835)

301

(3)

9.4 General Manuel de Mier y Terân on Texas (1828)

304

(4)

9.5 John O'Sullivan on Annexation (1845)

308

(2)

9.6 Thomas Corwin Opposes the Mexican War (1847)

310

(3)

9.7 Jose Fernando Ramirez Describes the U.S. Occupation of Mexico City (1847)

313

(2)

9.8 Henry David Thoreau, "Civil Disobedience" (1849)

315

(3)

9.9 Elizabeth Dixon Smith Greer Describes Life on the Frontier (18471850)

318

(3)

9.10 Alonzo Delano, A Forty-Niner (1849-1850)

321

(3)

10 A House Divided

324

(29)

10.1 John C. Calhoun, Proposal to Preserve the Union (1850)

325

(3)

10.2 William H. Seward, "Higher Law" Speech (1850)

328

(3)

10.3 Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

331

(2)

10.4 The Know-Nothing Party Platform

333

(2)

10.5 Charles Sumner on "Bleeding Kansas" (1856)

335

(3)

10.6 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

338

(3)

10.7 Hinton Rowan Helper, The Impending Crisis (1857)

341

(4)

10.8 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

345

(5)

10.9 John Brown and His Critics (1859)

350

(3)

11 The Civil War

353

(37)

11.1 John Smith Preston Advocates Secession (1861)

355

(4)

11.2 Horace Greeley and Abraham Lincoln on Slavery and the Union (1862)

359

(3)

11.3 Jefferson Davis Responds to the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

362

(2)

11.4 Clara Barton, Medical Life at the Battlefield (1862)

364

(3)

11.5 Tally Simpson, Letter from Fredericksburg (1862)

367

(3)

11.6 Corporal James Kendall Hosmer, On the Firing Line (1863)

370

(3)

11.7 Anna Elizabeth Dickinson Describes the New York Draft Riots (1863)

373

(3)

11.8 James Henry Gooding, Letter to President Lincoln (1863)

376

(2)

11.9 Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address (1863)

378

(2)

11.10 Mary Boykin Chesnut Describes Richmond at War (1863-1864)

380

(4)

11.11 Robert E. Lee on the Use of Slaves as Soldiers (1865)

384

(3)

11.12 Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (1865)

387

(3)

12 Reconstruction

390

12.1 African Americans and the Impact of Freedom

392

(4)

Testimony of Mingo White

394

(1)

Testimony of Charles Davenport

395

(1)

12.2 Elizabeth Hyde Botume, A Northern Teacher's View of the Freedmen (1863-1865)

396

(2)

12.3 The Louisiana Black Code (1865)

398

(2)

12.4 African Americans Seek Protection (1865)

400

(2)

12.5 Thaddeus Stevens Attacks Presidential Reconstruction (1865)

402

(3)

12.6 President Johnson Opposes Black Suffrage (1867)

405

(2)

12.7 A White Planter Responds to Emancipation (1866)

407

(2)

12.8 Howell Cobb, A White Southern Perspective on Reconstruction (1868)

409

(3)

12.9 Equal Rights Association Proceedings (1869)

412

(3)

12.10 Susan B. Anthony on Women's Rights (1873)

415

(2)

12.11 Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction (1872)

417

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Speaking of America Readings in U.S. History, Vol. I: To 1877

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials