- ISBN: 9780312536121 | 0312536127
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 1/26/2010
The best-selling college rhetoric for nearly 25 years, The St. Martin’s Guide has achieved an unparalleled record of success by providing practical innovations for the ever-changing composition course. Comprehensive yet flexible, The Guide’s acclaimed step by step guides to each type of writing offer sure fire invention strategies to get students started, combined with thorough advice on critical reading, working with sources, and careful revision.
Axelrod and Cooper’s class tested guidance on visual rhetoric, online teaching and learning, and more is available for instructors who incorporate these topics into their courses but not intrusive, for those who don’t.
The new edition has been re-engineered to reflect and build on the actual writing processes of students and does even more to prepare them for the writing they will do in other college courses.
RISE B. AXELROD is director of English composition and McSweeney Professor of Rhetoric and Teaching Excellence at the University of California, Riverside. She has previously been professor of English at California State University, San Bernardino, director of the College Expository Program at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and assistant director of the Third College Composition Program at the University of California, San Bernardino.
CHARLES R. COOPER is an emeritus professor in the department of literature at the University of California, San Diego, where he served as coordinator of the Third College Composition Program, Dimensions of Culture Program, and Campus Writing Programs. He has also been co-director of the San Diego Writing Project, one of the National Writing Project Centers. He is coeditor, with Lee Odell, of Evaluating Writing and Research on Composing: Points of Departure.
Together, they have coauthored Axelrod and Cooper’s Concise Guide to Writing and, with Allison Warriner, Reading Critically, Writing Well (Bedford/St. Martin’s).
CHARLES R. COOPER is an emeritus professor in the department of literature at the University of California, San Diego, where he served as coordinator of the Third College Composition Program, Dimensions of Culture Program, and Campus Writing Programs. He has also been co-director of the San Diego Writing Project, one of the National Writing Project Centers. He is coeditor, with Lee Odell, of Evaluating Writing and Research on Composing: Points of Departure.
Together, they have coauthored Axelrod and Cooper’s Concise Guide to Writing and, with Allison Warriner, Reading Critically, Writing Well (Bedford/St. Martin’s).
Preface for Instructors Preface for Students Chapter 1: Introduction: Thinking about Writing Why Writing is Important Writing Influences the Way You Think Writing Helps You Learn Writing Fosters Personal Development Writing Connects You to Others Writing Promotes Success in College and at Work How Writing Is Learned Learning to Write by Reading Learning Writing Strategies Using the Guides to Writing Thinking Critically PART ONE: WRITING ACTIVITIES Chapter 2: Remembering an Event A Collaborative Activity: Practice Rembering an Event Reading Remembered Event Essays Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Jean Brandt, "Calling Home" (annotated student essay) Annie Dillard, "An American Childhood" *Trey Ellis, "When The Walls Came Tumbling Down" *Saira Shah, "Longing to Belong" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Remembering an Event Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment Starting Points: Remembering an Event Invention and Research Choosing an Event to Write About Ways In: Constructing a Well-Told Story Creating a Dominant Impression Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Exploring Memorabilia Ways In: Reflecting on the Event’s Autobiographical Significance Defining Your Purpose and Audience Considering Your Thesis Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Integrating Visuals Editing and Proofreading Using Commas after Introductory Elements Using the Past Perfect Correcting Fused Sentences A Writer at Work Jean Brandt’s Essay from Invention to Revision Invention The First Draft Critical Reading and Revision Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Autobiography and Self- Discovery Chapter 3: Writing Profiles A Collaborative Activity: Practice Conducting an Interview Reading Profiles Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Brian Cable, "The Last Stop" (annotated student essay) John T. Edge, "I’m Not Leaving Until I Eat This Thing" *Susan Orlean, "Show Dog" Amanda Coyne, "The Long Good-Bye" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Writing Profiles Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment Starting Points: Writing a Profile Invention and Research Choosing a Subject to Profile Ways In: Finalizing Your Choice Exploring Your Preconceptions Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Setting Up a Tentative Schedule Ways In: Collecting Information from Field Research Ways In: Reflecting on Your Purpose and the Profile’s Perspective Considering Your Thesis Designing Your Document Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Integrating Quotations from Your Interviews Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Creating Web-Based Essays Editing and Proofreading Checking the Punctuation of Quotations A Common ESL Problem: Adjective Order A Writer at Work Brian Cable’s Interview Notes and Write-Up The Interview Notes The Interview Write-Up Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Entertaining Readers, or Showing the Whole Picture? Chapter 4: Explaining a Concept A Collaborative Activity: Practice Explaining a Concept Reading Concept Explanations Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Linh Kieu Ngo, "Cannibalism: It Still Exists" (annotated student essay) Anastasia Toufexis, "Love: The Right Chemistry" Richard A. Friedman, "Born to Be Happy" *Jeffrey Kluger, "What Makes Us Moral" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Explaining a Concept Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment STARTING POINTS: Explaining a Concept Invention and Research Choosing a Concept to Write About Ways In: Gaining an Overview of a Concept Ways In: Focusing the Concept Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Doing In-Depth Research on Your Focused Concept Considering Explanatory Strategies Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Using Descriptive Verbs to Introduce Information Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Designing Surveys and Presenting Results Editing and Proofreading Using Punctuation with Adjective Clauses Using Commas with Interrupting Phrases A Writer at Work Linh Kieu Ngo’s Use of Sources Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Concept Explanations and the Nature of Knowledge Chapter 5: Finding Common Ground A Collaborative Activity: Practice Finding Common Ground Reading Essays that Seek Common Ground Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings *Jeremy Bernard, "Lost Innocence" (annotated student essay) *Melissa Mae, "Laying Claim to a Higher Morality" (student essay) Athena Alexander, "No Child Left Behind: ‘Historic Initiative’ or ‘Just an Empty Promise’?" (student essay) Beyond the Traditional Essay: Finding Common Ground Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment STARTING POINTS: Finding Common Ground Invention and Research Choosing a Set of Argument Essays to Write About Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Analyzing the Essays Thinking about Your Readers Exploring Points of Agreement and Disagreement Researching the Issue Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Weaving Quoted Material into Your Own Sentences Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Helping Readers Visualize a Solution Editing and Proofreading Using Commas around Interrupting Phrases Correcting Vague Pronoun Reference A Writer at Work Melissa Mae’s Analysis Annotating and Charting Annotations Mirko Bagaric and Julie Clarke, "A Case for Torture" Kermit D. Johnson, "Inhuman Behavior" Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Being Fair and Impartial Appendix: Two Debates Debate 1: Torture *Ross Douthat, "Thinking about Torture" *Glenn Greenwald, "Committing War Crimes for the ‘Right’ Reasons" *Maryann Cusimano Love, "An End to Torture" Debate 2: Same-Sex Marriage *La Shawn Barber, "Interracial Marriage: A Slippery Slope?" *Anna Quindlen, "The Loving Decision" *National Review, "The Future of Marriage" *Andrew Sullivan, "The Right’s Contempt for Gay Lives" Chapter 6: Arguing a Position A Collaborative Activity: Practice Arguing a Position Reading Essays Arguing a Position Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Jessica Statsky, "Children Need to Play, Not Compete" (annotated student essay) Richard Estrada, "Sticks and Stones and Sports Team Names" Amitai Etzioni, "Eating at McDonald’s" *Amy Goldwasser, "What’s the Matter with Kids Today?" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Arguing a Position Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment Starting Points: Arguing a Position Invention and Research Choosing an Issue to Write About Ways In: Bringing the Issue and Your Audience into Focus Framing the Issue for Your Readers Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Ways In: Developing Your Argument and Counterargument Researching Your Argument Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Fairly and Accurately Quoting Opposing Positions Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Adding Visuals Editing and Proofreading Using Commas before Coordinating Conjunctions Using Punctuation with Conjunctive Adverbs A Common ESL Problem: Subtle Differences in Meaning A Writer at Work Jessica Statsky’s Response to Opposing Positions Listing Reasons for the Opposing Position Accommodating a Plausible Reason Refuting an Implausible Reason Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Suppressing Dissent Chapter 7: Proposing a Solution A Collaborative Activity: Practice Proposing a Solution to a Problem Reading Essays Proposing a Solution Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Patrick O’Malley, "More Testing, More Learning" (annotated student essay) Karen Kornbluh, "Win-Win Flexibility" Matt Miller, "A New Deal for Teachers" *Robert Kuttner, "Good Jobs for Americans Who Help Americans" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Proposing a Solution Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment STARTING POINTS: Proposing a Solution Invention and Research Choosing a Problem to Write About Ways In: Bringing the Problem and Your Audience into Focus Ways In: Finding a Solution Ways In: Exploring Your Tentative Solution Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Ways In: Counterarguing Alternative Solutions Researching Your Proposal Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Establishing the Problem’s Existence and Seriousness Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Following Formatting Conventions Editing and Proofreading Avoiding Ambiguous Use of This and That Revising Sentences that Lack an Agent A Writer at Work Patrick O’Malley’s Revision Process Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: The Frustrations of Effecting Real Change Chapter 8: Justifying an Evaluation A Collaborative Activity: Practice Evaluating a Subject Reading Essays That Justify an Evaluation Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Wendy Kim, "Grading Professors" (annotated student essay) *Ann Hulbert, "Juno and the Culture Wars" Christine Romano, "’Children Need to Play, Not Compete,’ by Jessica Statsky: An Evaluation" (student essay) *Christine Rosen, "The Myth of Multitasking" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Justifying an Evaluation Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment STARTING POINTS: Justifying an Evaluation Invention and Research Choosing a Subject to Write About Ways In: Bringing the Subject and Your Audience into Focus Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Ways In: Developing Your Argument and Counterargument Researching Your Argument Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Using Summary to Support Your Evaluative Argument Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Using Images to Support an Argument Editing and Proofreading Making Complete, Correct Comparisons Combining Sentences A Writer at Work Christine Romano’s Counterargument of Objections Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Evaluators’ Hidden Assumptions Chapter 9: Speculating about Causes A Collaborative Activity: Practice Speculating about Causes Reading Essays That Speculate about Causes Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Sheila McClain, "Fitness Culture: A Growing Trend in America" (annotated student essay) Stephen King, "Why We Crave Horror Movies" Erica Goode, "The Gorge-Yourself Environment" *Jeremy Hsu, "The Secrets of Storytelling: Why We Love a Good Yarn" Beyond the Traditional Essay: Speculating about Causes Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment STARTING POINTs: Speculating about Causes Invention and Research Considering Subjects and Their Possible Causes Exploring What You Know and Need to Find Out about Your Subject Analyzing Your Readers Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Ways In: Developing Your Argument Designing Your Document Defining Your Purpose for Your Readers Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Citing a Variety of Sources to Support Your Causal Speculations Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Thinking about Document Design: Adding Graphs and Photos Editing and Proofreading Checking Your Use of Numbers Checking for Reason Is Because Constructions A Writer at Work Sheila McClain’s Analysis of Causes Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Causal Speculation and the Power of Authority and Ideology Chapter 10: Analyzing Stories [chapter introduction] A Collaborative Activity: Practice Analyzing a Story Reading Essays That Analyze Stories Basic Features Purpose and Audience Readings Sally Crane, "Gazing into the Darkness" (annotated student essay) David Ratinov, "From Innocence to Insight: ‘Araby’ as an Initiation Story" (student essay) Beyond the Traditional Essay: Analyzing Stories Guide to Writing The Writing Assignment Starting Points: Analyzing Stories Invention and Research Finding a Story to Write About Analyzing the Story Ways In: Developing Your Analysis Testing Your Choice A Collaborative Activity: Testing Your Choice Formulating a Tentative Thesis Statement Researching Your Story Designing Your Document Planning And Drafting Refining Your Purpose and Setting Goals Outlining Your Draft Drafting Working with Sources: Quoting from the Story to Support Your Analysis Critical Reading Guide Revising Troubleshooting Your Draft Editing and Proofreading Using Parallel Structure Using Ellipsis Marks Correctly A Writer at Work David Ratinov’s Invention Work Annotating Examining Patterns in the Story Listing Ideas Thinking Critically about What You Have Learned Reflecting on Your Writing Process Considering the Social Dimensions: Writing for a Specialized Audience An Anthology of Short Stories Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour" James Joyce, "Araby" William Carlos Williams, "The Use of Force" *Sherman Alexie, "A Good Story" PART II. CRITICAL THINKING STRATEGIES
Chapter 11: A Catalog of Invention Strategies Mapping Clustering Listing Outlining Writing Cubing Dialoguing Dramatizing Keeping a Journal Looping Questioning Quick Drafting
Chapter 12: A Catalog of Reading Strategies Annotating Martin Luther King Jr., An Annotated Sample from "Letter from Birmingham Jail" Taking Inventory Outlining Paraphrasing Summarizing Synthesizing Contextualizing Exploring the Significance of Figurative Language Looking for Patterns of Opposition Reflecting on Challenges to Your Beliefs and Values Evaluating the Logic of an Argument Testing for Appropriateness Testing for Believability Testing for Consistency and Completeness Recognizing Emotional Manipulation Judging the Writer’s Credibility Testing for Knowledge Testing for Common Ground Testing for Fairness
PART III. WRITING STRATEGIES
Chapter 13: Cueing the Reader Orienting Statements Thesis Statements Forecasting Statements Paragraphing Paragraph Cues Topic Sentence Strategies Cohesive Devices Pronoun Reference Word Repetition Synonyms Sentence Structure Repetition Collocation Transitions Logical Relationships Temporal Relationships Spatial Relationships Headings and Subheadings Heading Systems and Levels Headings and Genres Frequency and Placement of Headings
Chapter 14: Narrating Narrating Strategies Calendar and Clock Time Temporal Transitions Verb Tense Specific Narrative Action Dialogue Narrating a Process Explanatory Process Narratives Instructional Process Narratives
Chapter 15: Describing Naming Detailing Comparing Using Sensory Description The Sense of Sight The Sense of Hearing The Sense of Smell The Sense of Touch The Sense of Taste Creating a Dominant Impression
Chapter 16: Defining Sentence Definitions Extended Definitions Historical Definitions Stipulative Definitions
Chapter 17: Classifying Organizing Classification Illustrating Classification Maintaining Clarity and Coherence
Chapter 18: Comparing and Contrasting Two Ways of Comparing and Contrasting Analogy
Chapter 19: Arguing Asserting a Thesis Arguable Assertions Clear and Precise Wording Appropriate Qualification Giving Reasons and Support Examples Statistics Authorities Anecdotes Textual Evidence Counterarguing Acknowledging Readers’ Concerns Accommodating Readers’ Concerns Refuting Readers’ Objections Logical Fallacies
*Chapter 20: Analyzing Visuals Criteria for Analyzing Visuals A Sample Analysis Chapter 21: Designing Documents The Impact of Document Design Considering Context, Audience, and Purpose Elements of Document Design Font Style and Size Headings and Body Text Numbered and Bulleted Lists Colors White Space Adding Visuals Choose Appropriate Visuals and Design the Visuals with Their Final Use in Mind Number and Title Your Visuals Label the Parts of Your Visuals and Include Descriptive Captions Cite Your Visual Sources Integrate the Visuals into the Text Use Common Sense When Creating Visuals on a Computer Sample Documents Memos Letters E-mail Résumés Job-Application Letters Lab Reports Web Pages PART IV. RESEARCH STRATEGIES
Chapter 22: Field Research
Observations Planning the Visit Observing and Taking Notes Reflecting on Your Observations Writing Up Your Notes Preparing for Follow-Up Visits Interviews Planning and Setting Up the Interview Taking Notes during the Interview Reflecting on the Interview Writing Up Your Notes Questionnaires Focusing Your Study Writing Questions Designing the Questionnaire Testing the Questionnaire Administering the Questionnaire Writing Up the Results Chapter 23: Library and Internet Research Orienting Yourself to the Library Taking a Tour Consulting Librarians Getting Started Knowing Your Research Task Finding Out What Your Library Offers Consulting Encyclopedias Consulting Bibliographies Keeping Track of Your Research Keeping a Working Bibliography Taking Notes Finding Library Sources General Search Strategies Finding Books: Using the Online Library Catalog Finding Articles Finding Government and Statistical Information Finding Other Library Sources Determining the Most Promising Sources Using the Web for Research Finding the Best Information Online Using E-mail and Online Communities for Research Evaluating Sources Selecting Relevant Sources Identifying Bias Chapter 24: Using Sources Acknowledging Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Deciding Whether to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize Quoting Integrating Quotations Introducing Quotations Punctuating within Quotations Avoiding Grammatical Tangles Paraphrasing and Summarizing Documenting Sources The MLA System of Documentation The APA System of Documentation Some Sample Research Papers An Annotated Research Paper *Chapter 25: Annotated Bibliographies and Literature Reviews Annotated Bibliographies and Literature Reviews: An Overview Basic Features Purpose and Audience Annotated Bibliographies Different Types of Annotation Writing an Annotated Bibliography Literature Reviews PART V. WRITING FOR ASSESSMENT
Chapter 26: Essay Examinations Preparing for an Exam Reading the Exam Carefully Some Typical Essay Exam Questions Define or Identify Explain the Importance or Signifiance Apply Concepts Comment on a Quotation Compare and Contrast Synthesize Information from Various Sources Analyze Causes Criticize or Evaluate Planning Your Answer Writing Your Answer Model Answers to Some Typical Essay Exam Questions Short Answers Paragraph-Length Answers Long Answers
Chapter 27: Writing Portfolios The Purposes of a Writing Portfolio Assembling a Portfolio for Your Composition Course Selecting Work Reflecting on Your Work and Your Learning Organizing the Portfolio PART VI. WRITING AND SPEAKING TO WIDER AUDIENCES
Chapter 28: Oral Presentations Be Ready Understand the Kind of Oral Presentation Your Have Been Asked to Give Assess Your Audience and Purpose Determine How Much Information Your Can Present in the Allotted Time Use Cues to Orient Listeners Prepare Effective and Appropriate Visuals Verify That You Will Have the Correct Equipment and Supplies Rehearse Your Presentation Deliver the Oral Presentation Professionally End Your Presentation Graciously
Chapter 29: Working with Others Working with Others on Your Individual Writing Projects Working with Others on Joint Writing Projects
Chapter 30: Writing in Your Community Using Your Service Experience as Source Material Finding a Topic Gathering Sources Writing about Your Service Experience Writing for Your Service Organization
HANDBOOK Introduction Keeping a Record of Your Own Errors S Sentence Boundaries Comma Splices Fused Sentences Sentence Fragments
G Grammatical Sentences Pronoun Reference Pronoun Agreement Relative Pronouns Pronoun Case Verbs Subject-Verb Agreement Adjectives and Adverbs
E Effective Sentences Missing Words Shifts Noun Agreement Modifiers Mixed Constructions Integrated Quotations, Questions, and Thoughts Parallelism Coordination and Subordination
W Word Choice Concise Sentences Exact Words Appropriate Words
P Punctuation Commas Unnecessary Commas Semicolons Colons Dashes Quotation Marks Apostrophes Parentheses Brackets Ellipsis Marks Slashes Periods Question Marks Exclamation Points
M Mechanics Hyphens Capitalization Spacing Numbers Underlining (Italics) Abbreviations Titles and Headings Special Design Features Spelling
L ESL Troublespots Articles Verbs Prepositions Omitted or Repeated Words Adjective Order Participles
R Review of Sentence Structure Basic Sentence Structure Basic Sentence Elements
GL Glossary of Frequently Misused Words Author and Title Index
Subject Index
Index for ESL Writers * new to this edition
Chapter 11: A Catalog of Invention Strategies Mapping Clustering Listing Outlining Writing Cubing Dialoguing Dramatizing Keeping a Journal Looping Questioning Quick Drafting
Chapter 12: A Catalog of Reading Strategies Annotating Martin Luther King Jr., An Annotated Sample from "Letter from Birmingham Jail" Taking Inventory Outlining Paraphrasing Summarizing Synthesizing Contextualizing Exploring the Significance of Figurative Language Looking for Patterns of Opposition Reflecting on Challenges to Your Beliefs and Values Evaluating the Logic of an Argument Testing for Appropriateness Testing for Believability Testing for Consistency and Completeness Recognizing Emotional Manipulation Judging the Writer’s Credibility Testing for Knowledge Testing for Common Ground Testing for Fairness
PART III. WRITING STRATEGIES
Chapter 13: Cueing the Reader Orienting Statements Thesis Statements Forecasting Statements Paragraphing Paragraph Cues Topic Sentence Strategies Cohesive Devices Pronoun Reference Word Repetition Synonyms Sentence Structure Repetition Collocation Transitions Logical Relationships Temporal Relationships Spatial Relationships Headings and Subheadings Heading Systems and Levels Headings and Genres Frequency and Placement of Headings
Chapter 14: Narrating Narrating Strategies Calendar and Clock Time Temporal Transitions Verb Tense Specific Narrative Action Dialogue Narrating a Process Explanatory Process Narratives Instructional Process Narratives
Chapter 15: Describing Naming Detailing Comparing Using Sensory Description The Sense of Sight The Sense of Hearing The Sense of Smell The Sense of Touch The Sense of Taste Creating a Dominant Impression
Chapter 16: Defining Sentence Definitions Extended Definitions Historical Definitions Stipulative Definitions
Chapter 17: Classifying Organizing Classification Illustrating Classification Maintaining Clarity and Coherence
Chapter 18: Comparing and Contrasting Two Ways of Comparing and Contrasting Analogy
Chapter 19: Arguing Asserting a Thesis Arguable Assertions Clear and Precise Wording Appropriate Qualification Giving Reasons and Support Examples Statistics Authorities Anecdotes Textual Evidence Counterarguing Acknowledging Readers’ Concerns Accommodating Readers’ Concerns Refuting Readers’ Objections Logical Fallacies
*Chapter 20: Analyzing Visuals Criteria for Analyzing Visuals A Sample Analysis Chapter 21: Designing Documents The Impact of Document Design Considering Context, Audience, and Purpose Elements of Document Design Font Style and Size Headings and Body Text Numbered and Bulleted Lists Colors White Space Adding Visuals Choose Appropriate Visuals and Design the Visuals with Their Final Use in Mind Number and Title Your Visuals Label the Parts of Your Visuals and Include Descriptive Captions Cite Your Visual Sources Integrate the Visuals into the Text Use Common Sense When Creating Visuals on a Computer Sample Documents Memos Letters E-mail Résumés Job-Application Letters Lab Reports Web Pages PART IV. RESEARCH STRATEGIES
Chapter 22: Field Research
Observations Planning the Visit Observing and Taking Notes Reflecting on Your Observations Writing Up Your Notes Preparing for Follow-Up Visits Interviews Planning and Setting Up the Interview Taking Notes during the Interview Reflecting on the Interview Writing Up Your Notes Questionnaires Focusing Your Study Writing Questions Designing the Questionnaire Testing the Questionnaire Administering the Questionnaire Writing Up the Results Chapter 23: Library and Internet Research Orienting Yourself to the Library Taking a Tour Consulting Librarians Getting Started Knowing Your Research Task Finding Out What Your Library Offers Consulting Encyclopedias Consulting Bibliographies Keeping Track of Your Research Keeping a Working Bibliography Taking Notes Finding Library Sources General Search Strategies Finding Books: Using the Online Library Catalog Finding Articles Finding Government and Statistical Information Finding Other Library Sources Determining the Most Promising Sources Using the Web for Research Finding the Best Information Online Using E-mail and Online Communities for Research Evaluating Sources Selecting Relevant Sources Identifying Bias Chapter 24: Using Sources Acknowledging Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Deciding Whether to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize Quoting Integrating Quotations Introducing Quotations Punctuating within Quotations Avoiding Grammatical Tangles Paraphrasing and Summarizing Documenting Sources The MLA System of Documentation The APA System of Documentation Some Sample Research Papers An Annotated Research Paper *Chapter 25: Annotated Bibliographies and Literature Reviews Annotated Bibliographies and Literature Reviews: An Overview Basic Features Purpose and Audience Annotated Bibliographies Different Types of Annotation Writing an Annotated Bibliography Literature Reviews PART V. WRITING FOR ASSESSMENT
Chapter 26: Essay Examinations Preparing for an Exam Reading the Exam Carefully Some Typical Essay Exam Questions Define or Identify Explain the Importance or Signifiance Apply Concepts Comment on a Quotation Compare and Contrast Synthesize Information from Various Sources Analyze Causes Criticize or Evaluate Planning Your Answer Writing Your Answer Model Answers to Some Typical Essay Exam Questions Short Answers Paragraph-Length Answers Long Answers
Chapter 27: Writing Portfolios The Purposes of a Writing Portfolio Assembling a Portfolio for Your Composition Course Selecting Work Reflecting on Your Work and Your Learning Organizing the Portfolio PART VI. WRITING AND SPEAKING TO WIDER AUDIENCES
Chapter 28: Oral Presentations Be Ready Understand the Kind of Oral Presentation Your Have Been Asked to Give Assess Your Audience and Purpose Determine How Much Information Your Can Present in the Allotted Time Use Cues to Orient Listeners Prepare Effective and Appropriate Visuals Verify That You Will Have the Correct Equipment and Supplies Rehearse Your Presentation Deliver the Oral Presentation Professionally End Your Presentation Graciously
Chapter 29: Working with Others Working with Others on Your Individual Writing Projects Working with Others on Joint Writing Projects
Chapter 30: Writing in Your Community Using Your Service Experience as Source Material Finding a Topic Gathering Sources Writing about Your Service Experience Writing for Your Service Organization
HANDBOOK Introduction Keeping a Record of Your Own Errors S Sentence Boundaries Comma Splices Fused Sentences Sentence Fragments
G Grammatical Sentences Pronoun Reference Pronoun Agreement Relative Pronouns Pronoun Case Verbs Subject-Verb Agreement Adjectives and Adverbs
E Effective Sentences Missing Words Shifts Noun Agreement Modifiers Mixed Constructions Integrated Quotations, Questions, and Thoughts Parallelism Coordination and Subordination
W Word Choice Concise Sentences Exact Words Appropriate Words
P Punctuation Commas Unnecessary Commas Semicolons Colons Dashes Quotation Marks Apostrophes Parentheses Brackets Ellipsis Marks Slashes Periods Question Marks Exclamation Points
M Mechanics Hyphens Capitalization Spacing Numbers Underlining (Italics) Abbreviations Titles and Headings Special Design Features Spelling
L ESL Troublespots Articles Verbs Prepositions Omitted or Repeated Words Adjective Order Participles
R Review of Sentence Structure Basic Sentence Structure Basic Sentence Elements
GL Glossary of Frequently Misused Words Author and Title Index
Subject Index
Index for ESL Writers * new to this edition
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