Stars and Relativity

, by Ya. B. Zel'dovich and I. D. Novikov

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ISBN: 9780486694245 | 0486694240
Cover: Trade Paper
Copyright: 7/19/2011

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Summary

Volume 1 ofRelativistic Astrophysicsby famed Russian scientists explores general relativity, properties of matter under astrophysical conditions, stars and stellar systems. Presentation remarkable for deep physical insights and clarity of expression. Invaluable resource for physicists, astronomers, graduate students. 72 figures. 21 tables. 1971 edition.

Editors' Foreword

Preface to the English Edition

xiii

Preface to the First Russian Edition

I. THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION

Einstein's Gravitational Equations

(61)

The Equality of Inertial and Gravitational Mass

(3)

The Fundamental Concept of the General Theory of Relativity

(3)

Properties of Noninertial Systems

(3)

The Measurement of Spacetime Intervals

(4)

Some Formulae for Curvilinear Coordinates

(3)

Dynamic and Kinematic Quantities

(3)

Curvature of Spacetime

(2)

The Einstein Field Equations and the Equations of Motion

(4)

The Cosmological Constant

(5)

Newton's Law and Weak Gravitational Fields

(4)

The Analogue of the Zeeman Effect in the Gravitational Field of a Rotating Body

(1)

Gravitational Radiation

(7)

Gravitational Radiation from Binary Stars

(6)

Gravitational Radiation Damping

(8)

K. S. Thorne

The Detection of Gravitational Waves

(5)

K. S. Thorne

Appendix to § 1.10

(2)

Inescapability of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and Problems in the Theory of Gravitation

(19)

Introduction

(1)

Unified Field Theory, Geometrodynamics, and the Fundamental Mass and Length

(2)

A Flat-Space Theory of Gravity

(2)

Necessity of the Concept of Spacetime Curvature

(3)

On the Possibility of Calculating the Gravitation Constant from Elementary-Particle Theory

(3)

Quantization of Gravity

(4)

Scalar-Field Gravitation

(5)

Appendix to § 2.3

(3)

The Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Field

(46)

Introduction

(2)

The Schwarzschild Gravitational Field

(2)

The Gravitational Field inside a Star

(2)

The Radial Motion of Light Rays and of Ultrarelativistic Particles

(4)

Radial Motion of Nonrelativistic Particles

(3)

Potential Curves for Nonradial Motion

(3)

Circular Orbits

(3)

The Motion of a Relativistic Particle in a Coulomb Field

102

(1)

Gravitational Capture of a Nonrelativistic Particle

103

(2)

Motion of Ultrarelativistic Particles and of Light Rays

105

(1)

Particle Motion in the Schwarzschild Gravitational Field, including the Effects of Gravitational Radiation

106

(4)

The R- and T-Regions of Schwarzschild Spacetime

110

(5)

Internal Solution for a Nonstatic Sphere

115

(3)

The Kruskal Metric

118

(11)

Nonspherical Gravitational Fields

129

(26)

Introduction

129

(1)

Static Fields with Axial Symmetry

130

(4)

The External Fields of Rotating Bodies

134

(4)

The Schwarzschild Sphere in an External Quadrupole Field

138

(1)

The Gravitational Contraction of a Slowly Rotating Body with Small Deviations from Spherical Symmetry

139

(5)

What Happens to Matter after It Falls through the Event Horizon?

144

(11)

Appendix to § 4.5

149

(6)

II. THE EQUATION OF STATE OF MATTER

Introduction to Part II

155

(5)

The Concept of Pressure; Different Kinds of Pressure; the Case of Long-Range Interactions

155

(5)

Cold Matter

160

(41)

Classification into Domains

160

(3)

Degenerate Electron Gas

163

(4)

Corrections in the Domain of High Pressures

167

(2)

The Domain of Medium Densities, 106 < ρ < 500 g cm-3

169

(5)

Nuclear Processes and Nuclear Interactions: Their Effect upon the Equation of State

174

(7)

The Properties of a Neutron Gas

181

(4)

Density Greater than Nuclear

185

(2)

An Ideal Neutron Gas at Superhigh Density

187

(1)

Ideal Gas with the Inclusion of Reciprocal Transformations between Particles

188

(5)

Are All ``Elementary'' Particles Really Elementary?

193

(1)

The Electromagnetic Interaction of Particles

194

(3)

A Rigorous Limit upon the Equation of State?

197

(4)

Properties of Matter at High Temperatures

201

(10)

Physical Conditions in Ordinary Stars

201

(1)

High Temperatures

202

(3)

Various Types of Equilibrium

205

(6)

Thermodynamic Quantities at High Temperatures

211

(22)

Neutral Gas, Plasma; Ionization Equilibrium

211

(3)

The Thermodynamics of Radiation

214

(3)

Paris and Neutrinos

217

(4)

The Dissociation of Nuclei

221

(4)

Dense Matter at Low Temperatures

225

(1)

Dimensionless Entropy

226

(2)

General Thermodynamic Relations for Truly Neutral Matter

228

(5)

III. RELATIVISTIC STAGES OF EVOLUTION OF COSMIC OBJECTS

Introduction to Part III

233

(6)

The Equilibrium and Stability of Stars

239

(91)

The Equilibrium and Stability of a Star as a Whole

239

(6)

General Aspects of the Theory of Stellar Equilibrium

245

(4)

Analytic Theory of Polytropic Gas Spheres

249

(3)

The Adiabatic and Polytropic Indices

252

(2)

The Energy Approach to the Theory of Equilibrium for a Star Consisting of Matter with γ Close to 4/3

254

(2)

Relativistic Equations of Stellar Equilibrium

256

(8)

Relativistic Equations for Rotating Stars

264

(7)

K. S. Thorne

Theory of Cold White Dwarfs

271

(8)

Neutron Stars

279

(7)

The Mass Defect

286

(2)

Stability of Neutron Stars

288

(3)

Configurations with Positive Energy

291

(4)

The Metastability of Every Equilibrium State

295

(2)

Equilibrium of a Supermassive Star

297

(12)

Critical States of Stars with Intermediate Mass

309

(21)

Appendix to § 10.1

317

(2)

Appendix to § 10.5

319

(3)

Appendix 1 to § 10.8

322

(1)

Appendix 2 to § 10.8

322

(3)

Appendix 1 to § 10.14

325

(3)

Appendix 2 to § 10.14

328

(2)

Stellar Evolution

330

(86)

Evolution of a Star up to the Loss of Stability or the White-Dwarf Stage

330

(8)

Instability of Massive Stars with Nuclear Sources of Energy

338

(2)

Stability of Stellar Evolution

340

(5)

Supernova Outbursts

345

(19)

V. S. Imshennik

D. K. Nadezhin

The Physics of Neutron Stars

364

(5)

Evolution of a Star with a Mass Greater than the Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit

369

(1)

Relativistic Collapse

370

(3)

Neutrino Emission in the Collapse of a Cool Star

373

(3)

The Evolution of a Supermassive Star: General Remarks

376

(1)

Radiative Equilibrium

377

(2)

The Evolution of a Supermassive Star without Turbulence or Rotation

379

(5)

Rotation and Mass Shedding: General Relationships

384

(5)

Equilibrium and the Shape of a Rotating Star: The Newtonian Theory

389

(4)

Corrections for GTR in the Theory of a Rotating Star

393

(5)

Approximate Theory of Equilibrium

398

(2)

Rotating Massive Stars and Quasistellar Objects

400

(3)

Turbulence

403

(2)

The Evolution of a Rotating Star: Velocity of Mass Ejection

405

(11)

Appendix to § 11.11D

410

(6)

Star Clusters

416

(16)

General Overview and Basic Equations

416

(5)

Solutions for Nonrelativistic Star Clusters

421

(3)

The Stability of Collisionless Solutions

424

(2)

Physical Conditions, Collisions, and Evolution in Star Clusters

426

(2)

Relativistic Star Clusters

428

(4)

Physical Processes in the Vicinities of Relativistic Objects and a Comparison with Observations

432

(41)

Accretion of Gas by Neutron Stars and Collapsed Stars

432

(1)

The Infall of Noninteracting Particles

433

(2)

Four Regimes of Hydrodynamical Flow in the Case of Spherical Symmetry

435

(3)

The Case of Accretion and the Validity of the Hydrodynamical Approximation

438

(4)

The Luminosity due to Symmetric Accretion onto Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs

442

(2)

The Problem of Discovering Collapsed Stars

444

(2)

The Case of Asymmetric Gas Flow

446

(5)

Accretion as a Factor in Stellar Evolution

451

(1)

The Electrostatic Field, Acceleration of Positrons during Accretion, and Gamma-Ray Emission

451

(1)

Pulsars

452

(5)

The Superfluidity and Superconductivity of Highly Compressed Matter, and Their Influence on the Behavior of Neutron Stars

457

(2)

Magnetic and Magneohydrodynamic Phenomena in Collapsing Bodies

459

(5)

The Statistics of Stars at the Endpoint of Stellar Evolution

464

(9)

Quasistellar Objects

473

(12)

Observed Properties of Quasistellar Objects

473

(3)

Theories of Quasistellar Objects

476

(9)

References

485

(26)

Author Index

511

(5)

Subject Index

516

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Stars and Relativity

Summary

Table of Contents

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