Starting Out with Java : From Control Structures Through Data Structures

, by Gaddis, Tony; Muganda, Godfrey

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Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures#xA0;is designed to be used#xA0;in a 2 or 3 semester/quarter sequence for beginning programmers.#xA0;Tony Gaddis emphasizes problem-solving and program design by#xA0;teaching the Java programming language#xA0;through a step-by-step detailed presentation. He introduces procedural programming early and covers control structures and methods before objects.#xA0; Students are engaged and have plenty of opportunity to practice using programming concepts through practical tools that include end-of-section and chapter exercises, case studies and programming projects.#xA0; #xA0;

Preface xvii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1

1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Why Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.4 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.5 What Is a Program Made of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.6 The Programming Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.7 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Review Questions and Exercises 21

Programming Challenges 25

Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 27

2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2.10 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

2.11 Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

2.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Review Questions and Exercises 100

Programming Challenges 105

Chapter 3 Decision Structures 109

3.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

3.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

3.3 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

3.4 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

3.5 Logical Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.6 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.9 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

3.10 Creating Objects with the DecimalFormat Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

3.11 The printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

3.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Review Questions and Exercises 169

Programming Challenges 174

Chapter 4 Loops and Files 179

4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

4.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

4.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

4.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

4.7 Nested Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

4.11 The Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

4.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Review Questions and Exercises 236

Programming Challenges 242

Chapter 5 Methods 247

5.1 Introduction to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

5.3 More about Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

5.4 Returning a Value from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

5.5 Problem Solving with Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

5.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Review Questions and Exercises 285

Programming Challenges 289

Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes 297

6.1 Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

6.2 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

6.3 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

6.4 Overloading Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

6.5 Scope of Instance Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

6.6 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

6.7 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes

and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

6.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Review Questions and Exercises 352

Programming Challenges 357

Chapter 7 A First Look at GUI Applications 363

7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

7.2 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

7.3 Equipping GUI Classes with a main Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

7.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

7.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

7.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

7.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending Classes from JPanel . . . . . . 426

7.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

7.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

7.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Review Questions and Exercises 444

Programming Challenges 448

Chapter 8 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 451

8.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

8.2 Processing Array Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

8.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

8.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

8.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

8.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

8.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

8.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

8.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

8.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

8.11 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . 511

8.12 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

8.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Review Questions and Exercises 523

Programming Challenges 528

Chapter 9 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 533

9.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

9.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

9.3 Returning Objects from Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

9.4 The toString Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

9.5 Writing an equals Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

9.6 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

9.7 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

9.8 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

9.9 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

9.10 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

9.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . 582

9.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Review Questions and Exercises 587

Programming Challenges 591

Chapter 10 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 597

10.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

10.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class. . . . . 598

10.3 More String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

10.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

10.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

10.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

10.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class. . . . . . . . 639

10.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Review Questions and Exercises 643

Programming Challenges 647

Chapter 11 Inheritance 653

11.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

11.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

11.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

11.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

11.5 Chains of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

11.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695

11.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

11.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

11.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Review Questions and Exercises 722

Programming Challenges 727

Chapter 12 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 733

12.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

12.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

12.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files,

and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

12.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778

Review Questions and Exercises 778

Programming Challenges 784

Chapter 13 Advanced GUI Applications 787

13.1 The Swing and AWT Class Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

13.2 Read-Only Text Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

13.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

13.4 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806

13.5 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812

13.6 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

13.7 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

13.8 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824

13.9 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . 833

13.10 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

13.11 Look and Feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842

13.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844

Review Questions and Exercises 845

Programming Challenges 850

Chapter 14 Applets and More 855

14.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

14.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857

14.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866

14.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875

14.5 Drawing Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

14.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901

14.7 Timer Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911

14.8 Playing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

14.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920

Review Questions and Exercises 920

Programming Challenges 927

Chapter 15 Recursion 929

15.1 Introduction to Recursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929

15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937

15.4 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

15.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947

Review Questions and Exercises 948

Programming Challenges 951

Chapter 16 Sorting, Searching, and Algorithm Analysis 953

16.1 Introduction to Sorting Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

16.2 Introduction to Search Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978

16.3 Analysis of Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989

16.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998

Review Questions and Exercises 999

Programming Challenges 1002

Chapter 17 Generics 1005

17.1 Introduction to Generics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005

17.2 Writing a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008

17.3 Passing Objects of a Generic Class to a Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016

17.4 Writing Generic Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

17.5 Constraining a Type Parameter in a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

17.6 Inheritance and Generic Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026

17.7 Defining Multiple Type Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030

17.8 Generics and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033

17.9 Erasure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039

17.10 Restrictions on the Use of Generic Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042

17.11 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044

Review Questions and Exercises 1045

Programming Challenges 1048

Chapter 18 Collections 1051

18.1 Introduction to the Java Collections Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

18.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

18.3 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077

18.4 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094

18.5 The Collections Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

18.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

Review Questions and Exercises 1113

Programming Challenges 1117

Chapter 19 Array-Based Lists 1119

19.1 Introduction to Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119

19.2 Creating an Array-Based List to Hold String Objects . . . . . . . . . . 1120

19.3 Creating a Generic Array-Based List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

19.4 Writing Iterator Classes and Iterable Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156

Review Questions and Exercises 1164

Programming Challenges 1166

Chapter 20 Linked Lists 1169

20.1 Introduction to Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

20.2 Operations on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176

20.3 Doubly-Linked and Circularly-Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188

20.4 Recursion on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197

20.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212

Review Questions and Exercises 1212

Programming Challenges 1215

Chapter 21 Stacks and Queues 1219

21.1 Stacks and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219

21.2 Array Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222

21.3 Linked Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228

21.4 Queues and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233

21.5 Array Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233

21.6 Linked List Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244

21.7 Generic Implementation of Stacks and Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249

21.8 Queues and Breadth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252

21.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255

Review Questions and Exercises 1256

Programming Challenges 1258

Chapter 22 Binary Trees, AVL Trees, and Priority Queues 1261

22.1 Binary Trees and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261

22.2 Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271

22.3 AVL Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288

22.4 Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301

22.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318

Review Questions and Exercises 1318

Programming Challenges 1321

Index 1325

Appendix A: ASCII/Unicode Characters

Appendix B: Operator Precedence and Associativity

Appendix C: Java Key Words

Appendix D: Installing the JDK and JDK Documentation

Appendix E: Using the javadoc Utility

Appendix F: More about the math Class

Appendix G: Packages

Appendix H: Working with Records and Random Access Files

Appendix I: More about JOptionPane Dialog Boxes

Appendix J: Answers to Checkpoints

Appendix K: Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions