Strategies for College Writing : Sentences, Paragraphs, Essays

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ISBN: 9780205295159 | 0205295150
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/1/2000

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Provides extensive coverage of both the writing and reading processes with a focus on academic writing the type of writing students will be doing in their college careers. Some of the major areas of coverage are the writing process, paragraph development, information gathering, essay development, revision, methods of development, sentence development and editing, critical reading and writing strategies. Anyone interested in improving writing skills.

Preface

xvii

Introduction: Understanding the Writing Process

xix

Prewriting

Subject, Purpose, and Audience

xxi

Writing

xxii

Rewriting

xxiii

Review

xxv

Writing Assignment

xxvi

Participating in the Academic Community

xxvi

Part One Writing Paragraphs and Essays

(118)

Selecting and Limiting a Topic

(6)

Selecting Your Own Topic

(2)

Guidelines for Selecting a Topic

(1)

Modifying an Assigned Topic

(1)

Limiting a Topic

(3)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Generating Ideas

(16)

Using Invention Strategies

(11)

Freewriting

(2)

Journal Writing

(2)

Brainstorming

(1)

Clustering

(1)

Mapping

(1)

Questioning

(2)

Discussing

(2)

Using Informal Planning Outlines

(5)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Constructing Paragraphs: Topic Sentences

(14)

Basic Structure of a Paragraph

(4)

Model of a Basic Paragraph

(3)

Writing Effective Topic Sentences

(3)

Narrowing Topic Sentences

(3)

Identifying Topic Sentences/Main Ideas in Paragraphs

(7)

Topic Sentence as First Sentence

(1)

Topic Sentence as Last Sentence

(1)

Topic Sentence as First and Last Sentences

(1)

Topic Sentence as Second/Middle Sentence

(1)

Implied Main Idea

(2)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Constructing Paragraphs: Supporting Details

(16)

Using Specific Details to Support Topic Sentences

(3)

Factual and Sensory Details

(1)

Patterns for Structuring Supporting Details

(9)

Using the Coordinate Pattern

(1)

Expanding Coordinate Details

(4)

Using the Subordinate Pattern

(3)

Relevant and Irrelevant Details

(3)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Moving from Paragraph to Essay

(12)

Introduction: Stating the Thesis

(3)

Writing Introductions

(2)

Body: Developing the Thesis

(2)

Writing Body Paragraphs

(1)

Conclusion: Reemphasizing the Thesis

(2)

Writing Conclusions

(2)

From Paragraph to Essay

(4)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Achieving Coherence

(22)

Arranging Ideas

(7)

Time Order

(2)

Space Order

(2)

Order of Importance

(2)

Connecting Ideas

(9)

Repetition of Key Words and Ideas

(2)

Repetition of Structure

(3)

Transition Words and Phrases

(4)

Unifying Ideas

(1)

Achieving Coherence in Essays

(5)

Chapter Review

(1)

Writing Assignment

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

(1)

Revising Your Essay

(14)

Revising for Focus and Unity

(2)

Revising for Content and Development

(2)

Revising for Organization and Coherence

(3)

Strategies for Revising

(4)

Revising in Groups

(2)

Revising Independently

(1)

Editing and Proofreading

100

(3)

Chapter Review

101

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

102

(1)

Writing Assignment

102

(1)

Gathering and Documenting Information from Sources

103

(16)

Using Textbooks and Magazines

103

(2)

Using Library Resources

105

(3)

Using Electronic Resources

108

(3)

Computerized Databases

108

(1)

CD-ROM Materials

109

(1)

Internet Resources and Tools

109

(2)

Documenting and Citing Sources

111

(3)

Citing Borrowed Material within Your Text

111

(1)

Preparing Your Works Cited List

112

(2)

Applying the Research Process

114

(5)

Chapter Review

117

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

117

(1)

Writing Assignment

118

(1)

Part Two Methods of Development

119

(124)

Description

121

(14)

Understanding Description

121

(3)

Qualities of Effective Description

122

(2)

Writing Descriptive Paragraphs

124

(7)

Describing a Place

124

(1)

Describing a Person

125

(1)

Describing an Object

126

(1)

Describing an Action

127

(1)

Writing Topic Sentences for Descriptive Paragraphs

128

(2)

Using Transitions in Descriptive Paragraphs

130

(1)

Writing Descriptive Essays

131

(4)

Chapter Review

134

(1)

Writing Assignment

134

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

134

(1)

Narration

135

(14)

Understanding Narration

135

(5)

Qualities of Effective Narration

136

(4)

Writing Narrative Paragraphs

140

(4)

Writing Topic Sentences for Narrative Paragraphs

141

(1)

Using Transitions in Narrative Paragraphs

142

(2)

Writing Narrative Essays

144

(5)

Chapter Review

147

(1)

Writing Assignment

148

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

148

(1)

Process

149

(12)

Understanding Process Writing

149

(4)

Qualities of Effective Process Writing

150

(3)

Writing Process Paragraphs

153

(3)

Writing Topic Sentences and Using Transitions in Process Paragraphs

153

(3)

Writing Process Essays

156

(5)

Chapter Review

159

(1)

Writing Assignment

160

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

160

(1)

Example

161

(12)

Understanding Examples

161

(4)

Qualities of Effective Exemplification

162

(3)

Writing Example Paragraphs

165

(3)

Writing Topic Sentences and Using Transitions in Example Paragraphs

165

(3)

Writing Example Essays

168

(5)

Chapter Review

171

(1)

Writing Assignment

172

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

172

(1)

Comparison and Contrast

173

(16)

Understanding Comparison and Contrast

173

(8)

Qualities of Effective Comparison and Contrast

175

(1)

Arrangement in Comparison and Contrast Writing

176

(5)

Writing Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs

181

(4)

Writing Topic Sentences in Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs

181

(1)

Using Transitions in Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs

182

(3)

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays

185

(4)

Chapter Review

187

(1)

Writing Assignment

188

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

188

(1)

Classification

189

(12)

Understanding Classification

189

(3)

Qualities of Effective Classification

190

(2)

Writing Classification Paragraphs

192

(4)

Writing Topic Sentences and Using Transitions in Classification Paragraphs

192

(2)

Using Other Methods of Development in Classification Paragraphs

194

(2)

Writing Classification Essays

196

(5)

Chapter Review

199

(1)

Writing Assignment

199

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

200

(1)

Cause and Effect

201

(12)

Understanding Cause and Effect

201

(5)

Qualities of Effective Cause and Effect Writing

202

(4)

Writing Cause and Effect Paragraphs

206

(3)

Writing Topic Sentences and Using Transitions in Cause and Effect Paragraphs

206

(3)

Writing Cause and Effect Essays

209

(4)

Chapter Review

212

(1)

Writing Assignment

212

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

212

(1)

Definition

213

(12)

Understanding Definition

213

(6)

Qualities of Effective Definition

214

(1)

Formal Definitions

215

(2)

Informal Definitions

217

(2)

Denotations and Connotations

219

(1)

Writing Definition Paragraphs

219

(2)

Writing Definition Essays

221

(4)

Chapter Review

224

(1)

Writing Assignment

224

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

224

(1)

Persuasion

225

(18)

Understanding Persuasion

225

(10)

Qualities of Effective Persuasion

226

(2)

Using Persuasive Appeals

228

(3)

Evaluating Your Evidence

231

(4)

Writing Persuasive Paragraphs

235

(2)

Writing Persuasive Essays

237

(6)

Chapter Review

241

(1)

Writing Assignment

241

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

242

(1)

Part Three Writing and Editing Sentences

243

(190)

Simple Sentences

245

(34)

Essential Elements of the Sentence

245

(9)

Subjects

247

(3)

Verbs

250

(4)

Basic Patterns of the Simple Sentence

254

(6)

Subject-Verb

254

(2)

Subject-Verb-Object

256

(2)

Subject-Linking Verb-Complement

258

(2)

Expanding the Simple Sentence

260

(19)

Adjectives

260

(5)

Adverbs

265

(3)

Prepositional Phrases

268

(4)

Appositives

272

(6)

Chapter Review

278

(1)

Writing Assignment

278

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

278

(1)

Compound Sentences

279

(12)

Punctuating Compound Sentences

281

(10)

Punctuation Review

284

(6)

Chapter Review

290

(1)

Writing Assignment

290

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

290

(1)

Complex Sentences

291

(20)

Adverb Clauses

292

(3)

Adjective Clauses

295

(2)

Noun Clauses

297

(3)

Signaling Relationships in Complex Sentences

300

(4)

Punctuating Complex Sentences

304

(7)

Chapter Review

310

(1)

Writing Assignment

310

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

310

(1)

Sentence Fragments and Run-On Sentences

311

(18)

Sentence Fragments

311

(12)

Participial Phrase Sentence Fragments

312

(3)

Appositive Phrase Sentence Fragments

315

(1)

Prepositional Phrase Sentence Fragments

316

(2)

Infinitive Phrase Sentence Fragments

318

(2)

Subordinate Clause Fragments

320

(3)

Run-On Sentences

323

(6)

Correcting Run-On Sentences

324

(4)

Chapter Review

328

(1)

Writing Assignment

328

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

328

(1)

Subject-Verb Agreement

329

(12)

Special Problems with Subject-Verb Agreement

334

(7)

Indefinite Pronoun Subjects

335

(1)

Compound Subjects

336

(1)

Intervening Prepositional Phrases

337

(1)

Inverted Sentence Order

338

(2)

Chapter Review

340

(1)

Writing Assignment

340

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

340

(1)

Pronoun Usage

341

(14)

Pronoun Reference and Agreement

341

(5)

Indefinite Pronouns

342

(2)

Relative and Demonstrative Pronouns

344

(2)

Pronoun Case

346

(4)

Who (Whoever) and Whom (Whomever)

347

(1)

Compound Elements

348

(1)

Comparisons

348

(2)

Using Pronouns with -Self and -Selves

350

(1)

Using a Consistent Point of View

351

(1)

Using Nonsexist Pronouns

352

(3)

Chapter Review

354

(1)

Writing Assignment

354

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

354

(1)

Verb Tenses and Forms

355

(18)

Regular Verbs

356

(1)

Irregular Verbs

357

(4)

Problem Verbs: Sit/Set, Lie/Lay, Rise/Raise

361

(1)

Special Uses of the Verbs To Be and To Have

362

(8)

Past Participle

364

(1)

Present and Past Perfect Tenses

365

(1)

Progressive Tenses

366

(2)

Passive Voice

368

(2)

Consistency in Tense

370

(3)

Chapter Review

372

(1)

Writing Assignment

372

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

372

(1)

Modifiers

373

(8)

Adjective or Adverb?

373

(1)

Comparatives and Superlatives

374

(2)

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

376

(5)

Misplaced Modifiers

376

(1)

Dangling Modifiers

377

(2)

Chapter Review

379

(1)

Writing Assignment

380

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

380

(1)

Sentence Style

381

(12)

Avoiding Wordiness

381

(2)

Achieving Sentence Variety

383

(3)

Writing Effective Comparisons

386

(2)

Avoiding Triteness in Comparisons

387

(1)

Achieving Parallelism

388

(5)

Chapter Review

392

(1)

Writing Assignment

392

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

392

(1)

Punctuation and Capitalization

393

(12)

Punctuation

393

(5)

Apostrophe

393

(1)

Comma

394

(1)

Colon

395

(1)

Dash

395

(1)

Period

396

(1)

Question Mark

396

(1)

Quotation Marks

396

(1)

Semicolon

396

(2)

Capitalization

398

(7)

Sentences and Direct Quotations

399

(1)

Names of Specific People, Places, Organizations, Things, and Times

399

(2)

Titles and Letters

401

(3)

Chapter Review

404

(1)

Writing Assignment

404

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

404

(1)

Spelling

405

(28)

Personal Spelling Problems

406

(3)

Commonly Misspelled Words

409

(11)

Words That Look and Sound Alike

409

(7)

Additional Problem Words

416

(1)

Compound Words

417

(3)

Spelling Rules and Patterns

420

(13)

Forming the Plurals of Nouns

420

(1)

Forming Possessives

421

(6)

Useful Spelling Patterns

427

(4)

Chapter Review

431

(1)

Writing Assignment

432

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

432

(1)

Part Four Critical Reading Strategies

433

(38)

Strategies for Reading Critically

435

(16)

Developing Critical Reading Skills

435

(10)

Guidelines for Critical Reading

445

(6)

Chapter Review

449

(1)

Writing Assignment

450

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

450

(1)

Strategies for Outlining and Summarizing

451

(10)

Outlining to Study

451

(4)

Guidelines to Follow in Outlining

452

(3)

Summarizing

455

(6)

Guidelines to Follow in Summarizing

455

(3)

Summarizing Essays

458

(2)

Chapter Review

460

(1)

Writing Assignment

460

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

460

(1)

Strategies for Taking Essay Exams

461

(10)

Understanding Essay Exam Terminology

462

(1)

Guidelines for Taking Essay Exams

462

(9)

Chapter Review

469

(1)

Writing Assignment

470

(1)

Participating in the Academic Community

470

(1)

Part Five Reading Selections

471

(58)

Identity Issues

472

(15)

Mother and Freedom

472

(3)

Maya Angelou

Mother Tongue

475

(6)

Amy Tan

Does Coming to College Mean Becoming Someone New?

481

(5)

Kevin Davis

Cumulative Assignments for Identity Issues

486

(1)

Education Issues

487

(12)

Lives on the Boundary:

487

(4)

Lilia

Mike Rose

In Praise of the F Word

491

(3)

Mary Sherry

College Valued Less for Learning Than for Earning

494

(4)

Ethan Bronner

Cumulative Assignments for Education Issues

498

(1)

Media Issues

499

(11)

Mass Media Models

499

(4)

John Vivian

The Trouble with Television

503

(3)

Robert MacNeil

TV or Not TV

506

(3)

Anna Quindlen

Cumulative Assignments for Media Issues

509

(1)

Racial Issues

510

(19)

I Have a Dream

510

(5)

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Racial Preferences Are Outdated

515

(4)

Wallace Terry

Name Power

519

(9)

Ferdinand M. de Leon

Sally Macdonald

Cumulative Assignments for Racial Issues

528

(1)

Index

529

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Strategies for College Writing : Sentences, Paragraphs, Essays

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials