Structural Analysis

Structural Analysis is intended for use in Structural Analysis courses. It is also suitable for individuals planning a career as a structural engineer.

Structural Analysis provides readers with a clear and thorough presentation of the theory and application of structural analysis as it applies to trusses, beams, and frames. Emphasis is placed on teaching students to both model and analyze a structure. Hibbeler's problem solving methodology, Procedures for Analysis, provides readers with a logical, orderly method to follow when applying theory.

Teaching and Learning Experience

To provide a better teaching and learning experience, for both instructors and students, this text provides:

• Current Material: To keep your course current and relevant, the Ninth Edition includes new discussions and a new chapter.
• Problem Solving: A variety of problem types, at varying levels of difficulty, stress practical situations encountered in professional practice.
• Visualization: The photorealistic art program is designed to help students visualize difficult concepts.
• Review and Student Support: A thorough end of chapter review provides students with a concise tool for reviewing chapter contents.
• Triple Accuracy Checking: The accuracy of the text and problem solutions has been thoroughly checked by three other parties.

R.C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a BS in Civil Engineering (major in Structures) and an MS in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University.

Hibbeler’s professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as Sargent and Lundy in Tucson. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana.

Hibbeler currently teaches at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. In the past he has taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Youngstown State University, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Union College.

1

Types of Structures and

Loads 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Classification of Structures 4

1.3 Loads 9

1.4 Structural Design 28

Problems 29

Chapter Review 33

2

Analysis of Statically Determinate

Structures 35

2.1 Idealized Structure 35

2.2 Load Path 48

2.3 Principle of Superposition 49

2.4 Equations of Equilibrium 50

2.5 Determinacy and Stability 51

2.6 Application of the Equations of

Equilibrium 58

Fundamental Problems 68

Problems 70

Project Problem 79

Chapter Review 80

3

Analysis of Statically

Determinate Trusses 83

3.1 Common Types of Trusses 83

3.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses 89

3.3 The Method of Joints 96

3.4 Zero-Force Members 100

3.5 The Method of Sections 102

3.6 Compound Trusses 108

3.7 Complex Trusses 112

3.8 Space Trusses 116

Fundamental Problems 123

Problems 125

Project Problem 135

Chapter Review 136

4

Internal Loadings Developed

in Structural Members 139

4.1 Internal Loadings at a

Specified Point 139

4.2 Shear and Moment Functions 145

4.3 Shear and Moment Diagrams

for a Beam 150

4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams

for a Frame 160

4.5 Moment Diagrams Constructed by the

Method of Superposition 165

Fundamental Problems 170

Problems 174

Project Problem 184

Chapter Review 185

5

Cables and Arches 187

5.1 Cables 187

5.2 Cable Subjected to

Concentrated Loads 188

5.3 Cable Subjected to a Uniform

Distributed Load 190

5.4 Arches 196

5.5 Three-Hinged Arch 197

Problems 203

Chapter Review 209

6

Influence Lines for Statically

Determinate Structures 211

6.1 Influence Lines 211

6.2 Influence Lines for Beams 219

6.3 Qualitative Influence Lines 222

6.4 Influence Lines for Floor Girders 230

6.5 Influence Lines for Trusses 234

6.6 Maximum Influence at a Point due to a

Series of Concentrated Loads 238

6.7 Absolute Maximum Shear and

Moment 248

Fundamental Problems 253

Problems 254

Project Problem 265

Chapter Review 266

7

Approximate Analysis of Statically

Indeterminate Structures 269

7.1 Use of Approximate Methods 269

7.2 Trusses 270

7.3 Vertical Loads on Building Frames 274

7.4 Portal Frames and Trusses 277

7.5 Lateral Loads on Building Frames:

Portal Method 282

7.6 Lateral Loads on Building Frames:

Cantilever Method 288

Problems 294

Project Problem 301

Chapter Review 302

8

Deflections 305

8.1 Deflection Diagrams and the

Elastic Curve 305

8.2 Elastic-Beam Theory 311

8.3 The Double Integration Method 313

8.4 Moment-Area Theorems 320

8.5 Conjugate-Beam Method 330

Fundamental Problems 338

Problems 342

Chapter Review 346

9

Deflections Using Energy

Methods 349

9.1 external Work and Strain energy 349

9.2 Principle of Work and energy 353

9.3 Principle of Virtual Work 354

9.4 Method of Virtual Work: Trusses 356

9.5 Castigliano’s Theorem 363

9.6 Castigliano’s Theorem for Trusses 364

9.7 Method of Virtual Work:

Beams and Frames 370

9.8 Virtual Strain energy Caused

by Axial Load, Shear, Torsion,

and Temperature 381

9.9 Castigliano’s Theorem for Beams

and Frames 387

Fundamental Problems 393

Problems 395

Chapter Review 402

10

Analysis of Statically

Indeterminate Structures

by the Force Method 405

10.1 Statically Indeterminate Structures 405

10.2 Force Method of Analysis:

General  Procedure 408

10.3 Maxwell’s Theorem of Reciprocal

Displacements; Betti’s Law 412

10.4 Force Method of Analysis: Beams 413

10.5 Force Method of Analysis: Frames 422

10.6 Force Method of Analysis: Trusses 426

10.7 Composite Structures 429

10.8 Additional Remarks on the Force

Method of Analysis 432

10.9 Symmetric Structures 433

10.10 Influence Lines for Statically

Indeterminate Beams 435

10.11 Qualitative Influence Lines

for Frames 439

Fundamental Problems 446

Problems 447

Chapter Review 458

11

Displacement Method of Analysis:

Slope-Deflection Equations 461

11.1 Displacement Method of Analysis:

General Procedures 461

11.2 Slope-Deflection equations 463

11.3 Analysis of Beams 469

11.4 Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway 477

11.5 Analysis of Frames: Sidesway 482

Problems 490

Project Problem 495

Chapter Review 495

12

Displacement Method of Analysis:

Moment Distribution 497

12.1 General Principles and Definitions 497

12.2 Moment Distribution for Beams 501

12.3 Stiffness-Factor Modifications 510

12.4 Moment Distribution for Frames:

No  Sidesway 516

12.5 Moment Distribution for Frames:

Sidesway 518

Problems 526

Chapter Review 531

13

Beams and Frames Having

Nonprismatic Members 533

13.1 Loading Properties of Nonprismatic

Members 533

13.2 Moment Distribution for Structures

Having Nonprismatic Members 538

13.3 Slope-Deflection equations

for  Nonprismatic Members 544

Problems 546

Chapter Review 547

14

Truss Analysis Using the

Stiffness Method 549

14.1 Fundamentals of the Stiffness

Method 549

14.2 Member Stiffness Matrix 552

14.3 Displacement and Force

Transformation Matrices 553

14.4 Member Global Stiffness Matrix 556

14.5 Truss Stiffness Matrix 557

14.6 Application of the Stiffness Method for

Truss Analysis 562

14.7 Nodal Coordinates 570

14.8 Trusses Having Thermal Changes and

Fabrication errors 574

14.9 Space-Truss Analysis 580

Problems 582

Chapter Review 583

15

Beam Analysis Using the

Stiffness Method 585

15.1 Preliminary Remarks 585

15.2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix 587

15.3 Beam-Structure Stiffness Matrix 589

15.4 Application of the Stiffness Method for

Beam Analysis 589

Problems 602

16

Plane Frame Analysis Using the

Stiffness Method 605

16.1 Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix 605

16.2 Displacement and Force

Transformation Matrices 607

16.3 Frame-Member Global Stiffness

Matrix 609

16.4 Application of the Stiffness Method

for Frame Analysis 610

Problems 619

17

Structural Modeling and

Computer Analysis 623

17.1 General Structural Modeling 623

17.2 Modeling a Structure and its

Members 625

17.3 General Application of a Structural

Analysis Computer Program 630

Computer Problems 635

Problems 636

Project Problems 637

Appendices

A. Matrix Algebra for Structural

Analysis 640

Fundamental Solutions 654

Answers to Selected Problems 680

Index 693

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