Sustainable Communities

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ISBN: 9781853835131 | 1853835137
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2000

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Winner, 2010 Best of Green Award (Business and Politics),TreeHugger.comIs it time to re-think economic growth?'The crisis doesn't only make us free to imagine other models, another future, another world. It obliges us to do so.'

Origins

Preface and Guide to the Book

Foreword

xiii

Jed Griffiths

The Contributors

xiv

Figures, Tables and Boxes

xvii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acknowledgements

xxi

Part I: Setting the Scene

Conflicting Perceptions of Neighbourhood

(16)

Hugh Barton

Introduction

(1)

Neighbourhood and Community

(2)

Sustainable Development

(4)

Visions of a Sustainable Locality

(2)

The Death of Neighbourhood

(2)

Official Policy

(2)

Accidental Towns

(1)

The Agenda for Debate

(2)

Eco-Villages: Dream and Reality

(10)

Nigel Taylor

Introduction: Villages, Localities and Environmental Sustainability

(2)

Historical Background: Villages, Neighbourhoods and Communities in Town Planning Thought and Practice

(2)

The Fragmentation of Locality-Based Forms of Life in the Circumstances of Modernity

(3)

`Think Globally, Act Globally' (As Well as Locally)

(3)

Unsustainable Settlements

(20)

Dominic Stead

Introduction

(1)

Unsustainable Land Use Trends

(4)

Environmental Impacts of Recent Planning Trends

(5)

Reversing Current Land Use and Environmental Trends

(6)

Conclusions

(5)

Part II: Rethinking the Neighbourhood Option

Do Neighbourhoods Matter?

(17)

Hugh Barton

Introduction

(1)

Losing Locality

(1)

Needing Neighbourhoods

(8)

Counter Arguments

(1)

Do People Use Local Facilities?

(2)

Does Local Use Reduce Trip Lengths and Car Dependence?

(2)

The Impact of Design Measures

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Innovative Eco-Neighbourhood Projects

(20)

Hugh Barton

Deborah Kleiner

Introduction

(1)

The Search for Exemplary Projects

(3)

Categorising Eco-neighbourhoods

(12)

Evaluation

(3)

Conclusions

(2)

The Neighbourhood as Ecosystem

(19)

Hugh Barton

Introduction

(1)

The Ecosystem Approach

(3)

Social Capital and Housing Mix

(3)

Access to Work and Services

(4)

Movement and the Public Realm

(2)

Local Resource Management

(4)

Functional Integration

103

(2)

Urban Form and Locality

105

(18)

Hugh Barton

Introduction

105

(1)

Dispersal Versus Concentration

106

(3)

The Location of Neighbourhoods

109

(3)

Mixed Use Development

112

(3)

Local Densities

115

(4)

Conclusion: Linear Concentration

119

(4)

The Design of Neighbourhoods

123

(24)

Hugh Barton

Vexed Terms and Traditional Concepts of Form

123

(2)

Neighbourhood Size

125

(2)

Neighbourhood Identity

127

(1)

Social Identity and Home-Zones

128

(2)

Open and Closed Neighbourhoods

130

(2)

The Urban Continuum

132

(2)

Shaping Neighbourhoods

134

(4)

The Open Space Network

138

(1)

Conclusion: Cellular and Fuzzy Neighbourhoods

139

(2)

Case Study of Hulme, Manchester

141

(6)

Richard Guise

Part III: Community and Subsidiarity

Design for Living: The Challenge of Sustainable Communities

147

(13)

Alison Gilchrist

Introduction--The Changing Nature of `Community'

147

(3)

Complexity and Sustainability

150

(2)

The Development of Community

152

(2)

Case Study of Easton, Inner City Neighbourhood

154

(4)

Community Governance and Democratic Renewal

158

(2)

Leading from Below: The Contribution of Community-Based Initiatives

160

(16)

Janet Rowe

Celia Robbins

Introduction

160

(1)

The Community Context: Capacity Building

161

(3)

The Waste Reduction in the Community Project

164

(5)

Stroud Local Exchange and Trading Scheme (LETS)

169

(3)

Discussion

172

(4)

Community Governance

176

(13)

Murray Stewart

Introduction

176

(2)

The Scope for Community Governance

178

(1)

Community and Democracy

179

(1)

The Pressures for Community Governance

180

(1)

Community and Neighbourhood Management

181

(2)

Local Government Decentralization and Community Governance

183

(1)

Community Leadership

184

(2)

Conclusion

186

(3)

Part IV: Managing Resources Locally

The Community Energy Utility

189

(10)

Trevor Houghton

The Changing Organization and Ownership of Energy Supply

189

(2)

The Community Utility Versus the Conventional Utility

191

(1)

Sustainable Energy Resources in Sustainable Communities

191

(1)

Environmental Responsibility

192

(2)

Social Responsibility

194

(1)

The Local Economy

195

(1)

Barriers to the Community Energy Utility

196

(2)

Conclusion

198

(1)

The Food Producing Neighbourhood

199

(17)

Rob Hopkins

Introduction

199

(1)

Why Grow Food in Towns?

199

(2)

Approaching Sustainable Food Strategies

201

(3)

Feeding the Neighbourhood

204

(8)

Considerations for Designers

212

(1)

Management Issues Arising

213

(1)

Conclusion

214

(2)

Planning Local Movement Systems

216

(14)

Tony Hathway

More Movement at a Price

216

(2)

Policies and Targets for a Better Future

218

(1)

Understanding Local Movement Patterns

219

(2)

Planning for Non-Motorized and Motorized Transport Options

221

(7)

Cooperation and Coordination

228

(2)

Community Safety and Actual Neighbourhoods

230

(16)

Henry Shaftoe

Introduction: Crime and Locality

230

(2)

Why is There Less Crime in Rural Areas?

232

(3)

Can We Recreate Rural Qualities in Urban Environments?

235

(2)

Boundaries and Edges

237

(2)

Case Studies

239

(4)

Summary and Key Principles

243

(3)

Towards Sustainable Communities

246

(7)

Hugh Barton

General Conclusions

246

(1)

Community Decision-Making

247

(1)

Shifting Hearts and Minds

248

(1)

Reorientating the Planning System

249

(2)

Changing Government Policy

251

(1)

Rounding Off

252

(1)

Appendix 1: Survey of Eco-neighbourhoods World-Wide

253

(15)

Deborah kleiner

Hugh Barton

Appendix 2: Case Studies of Eco-Neighbourhoods

268

(15)

Deborah Kleiner

Bibliography

283

(16)

Index

299

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Sustainable Communities

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials