Synthesis Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposites

Preface XI

List of Contributors XIII

1 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites: Review of Various Techniques 1
Joel Fawaz and VikasMittal

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Synthesis Methods 4

2 Masterbatch Approach to Generate HDPE/CPE/Graphene Nanocomposites 31
Ali U. Chaudhry and Vikas Mittal

2.1 Introduction 31

2.2 Experimental 33

2.3 Results and Discussion 37

2.4 Conclusions 47

3 Preparation and Applications of Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable and Natural Polymers 51
Pau Turon, Luis J. del Valle, Carlos Aleman, and Jordi Puiggali

3.1 Introduction 51

3.2 Preparation of HAp Nanocrystals 52

3.3 Preparation of HAp Nanocomposites 58

3.4 Applications of HAp/DNA Nanocomplexes as Gene Carriers 61

3.5 Tissue Engineering Applications of HAp Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable Polymers 65

3.6 Applications of HAp Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems 72

3.7 Miscellaneous Applications of HAp Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable Polymers 76

3.8 Concluding Remarks 79

4 SyntheticMethods for Nanocomposites Based on Polyester Resins 87
Michal Kedzierski

4.1 Introduction 87

4.2 Nanocomposites with Zero-Dimensional Nanofillers 89

4.3 Nanocomposites with One-Dimensional Nanofillers 93

4.4 Nanocomposites with Two-Dimensional Nanofillers 97

4.5 Conclusions 109

5 Synthesis Fabrication and Characterization of Ag/CNT-Polymer Nanocomposites 115
Vijaya K. Rangari and Sanchit Dey

5.1 Introduction 115

5.2 Experimental Procedure 118

5.3 Results and Discussion 119

5.4 Conclusion 127

6 Preparation and Characterization of PVDF-Based Nanocomposites 131
Derman Vatansever Bayramol, Tahir Shah, Navneet Soin, and Elias Siores

6.1 Synthesis of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) 131

6.2 Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of PVDF 131

6.3 Processing of PVDF for Energy Harvesting Applications 137

6.4 Processing of PVDF Based Materials: Polymer/Polymer, Polymer/Nanofiller, Polymer/Ionomer Blends 138

6.5 PVDF Based Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting Applications 139

6.6 Conclusion 140

7 In Situ Thermal, Photon, and Electron-Beam Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites 145
Luana Persano, Andrea Camposeo, Anna Maria Laera, Francesca Di Benedetto, Vincenzo Resta, Leander Tapfer, and Dario Pisignano

7.1 Introduction 145

7.2 Thermal-Assisted In Situ Synthesis: Material Choice and Nanocomposite Characterization 146

7.3 Fabrication of Nanocomposites and Patterning 155

7.4 Conclusions 171

Acknowledgments 172

8 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites byWater-Assisted Extrusion 179
Naima Sallem-Idrissi,Michel Sclavons, and Jacques Devaux

8.1 Introduction 179

8.2 Nanocomposites Structure and Characterization 180

8.3 Nanocomposites Preparation 183

8.4 Nanocomposite Properties 195

8.5 Toward Fully Green Composites? 198

9 In Situ Preparation of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 211
Liping Yang, Cher Ling Toh, and Xuehong Lu

9.1 Introduction 211

9.2 In Situ Preparation of Conductive Nanocomposites 219

9.3 Challenges and Outlook 233

10 Near IR Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Dispersion in Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites 241
Ana Vera Machado, Joana Margarida Barbas, and Jose Antonio Covas

10.1 Introduction 241

10.2 Morphology and Properties 241

10.3 Preparation Methods 243

10.4 Characterization Techniques 243

10.5 Dispersion by Melt Mixing 247

10.6 Online and Inline Monitoring of Dispersion 249

10.7 Conclusions 259

11 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites in Supercritical CO2 267
Yuvaraj Haldorai and Jae-Jin Shim

11.1 Introduction 267

11.2 Background on Supercritical CO2 268

11.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of scCO2 270

11.4 Preparation of Polymer/Inorganic Filler Nanocomposites in Supercritical CO2 272

11.5 Conclusions 286

References 286

Index 291

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